Flashcards

Question 1

Injury to the neck,
Deviation of tongue towards paralysed side

Answer 1

Hypoglossal nerve injury

Question 2

Loss of gag reflex,
Loss of taste in post 1/3 of tongue

Answer 2

Glossopharyngeal nerve lesion

Question 3

Facial weakness+ loss of taste in ant 2/3 of tongue

Answer 3

Facial nerve injury

Question 4

Lymph nodes drainage
Ant 2/3 of tongue?
Post 1/3 of tongue?
Tip of tongue
Skin ( scrotum, valva, perineum)
Gonads
Lateral foot
Posterior oropharynx
Glans clitoris

Answer 4

Submandibular LN
Jugulo-omohyoid LN
Sub mental LN
Superficial Inguinal LN (all below umbilicus) except:-
Gonads (testis and ovaries): Para Aortic LN
Lateral foot: Popliteal LN
Jugular LN ( deep cervical LN)
External iliac LN

Question 5

Vocal cord paralysis, weak cough, dysphonia and parasympathetic problems such as constipation, tachycardia, afib, arrythmias, sexual dysfunction and gastrparesis.

Answer 5

Vasgus nerve lesion

Question 6

Jaw deviation to side of weak pterygoid muscle, mastication muscle weakness and loss of sensation of face

Answer 6

Trigeminal nerve lesion

Question 7

Double vision on climbing up and down

Answer 7

Trochlear nerve SO4

Question 8

Double vision on looking sideways

Answer 8

Abduscens nerve LR6

Question 9

Mydriasis, ptosis, exophthalmos
Enophthalmos and ptosis
Diplopia on downward gaze
Diplopia on looking right or left

Answer 9

Occulomotor nerve lesion
Horner syndrome
Trochlear
Abducens right or left ipsilateral

Question 10

Memory loss and superior homonymous quadrantanopia

Answer 10

Temporal lobe stroke

Question 11

Inferior homonymous quadrantanopia

Answer 11

Parietal lobe stroke

Question 12

Bitemporal homonymous hemianopia

Answer 12

Pituitary tumor

Question 13

Deep tendon Reflexes:
Ankle
Knee
Biceps
Triceps
Anal wink refelx
Cremasteric reflex
Brachioradialis

Answer 13

S1,S2 Sciatic nerve
L3,L4 Femoral nerve
C5,C6 Musculocutaneous nerve
C7,C8 Radial nerve
S2-S4
L1,L2
C6,C7 Radial nerve
Causes wrist extension with radial deviation

Question 14

Dorsiflexion of foot ( tight fitting shoes, pain in dorsum of foot, fibular neck fracture)

Answer 14

Deep peroneal nerve supplies small area between first and second toe, superficial peroneal nerve supplies dorsum of foot. Common peroneal nerve is injured in fibular neck fracture.

Question 15

Motor functions of cervical roots
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

Answer 15

Flex elbow
Extend wrist
Extend elbow
Flex fingers
Adduct and abduct fingers

Question 16

Structures at important vertebral levels
C6
C7
T4
T8
T10
T12
L1
L3
L4

Answer 16

C6- Trachea and esophagus begins
Larynx and pharynx end

C7- isthmus of thyroid gland
Stellate ganglion

T4- Arch of aorta
Carina
Azygos vein drain into svc

T8- Inferior vena cava hiatus

T10- Esophageal hiatus

T12- Aorta hiatus

L1- Transpyloric plane, 9th costal cartilage, pylorus of stomach, fundus of gall bladder, neck of pancreas, Conus medularis (end of spinal cord), hilum of kidneys, superior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk

L3- Umbilicus, umbilical dermatome T10

L4- Iliac Crest
Bifurcation of abdominal aorta

Question 17

Duputyeren contracture

Answer 17

It is a progressive disorder of thickened fibrous tissue within the palmar fascia usually in line with the fifth or ring finger results ultimately in flexion position of affected fingers.
Risk factors: Diabetes, laborer, smoking, phenytoin use, alcohol excess

Management is fascisctomy to release contracture

Question 18

Lower limb nerve injuries
Femoral nerve
Obtruator nerve
Sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve

Answer 18

1. L2 to S3. Loss of knee extension and some loss of hip flexion. Paraesthesia of medial aspect of thigh.
2. Hip adduction. Skin of middle part of medial thigh
3. Foot drop, loss of sensation below the knee laterally. Give rise to common peroneal nerve (spn- foot eversion, dpn-foot dorsiflexion) and tibial nerve.
4. Foot plantar flexion and inversion. Sensory supply to sole of foot

Question 19

1. Paraesthesia of thumb, index and middle finger
2. Paresthesia of little+ring finger
3. Paraesthesia of dorsal aspect of thumb and btween index and middle finger area

Answer 19

1. Median N
2. Ulnar nerve
   Proximal injury to elbow causes loss of sensation over little+ ring finger while distal injuries at wrist cause clawing of hand.
   “ the closer to the the paw, the worse the claw”
3. Radial N

Question 20

1. Housemaids knee
2. Retroperitoneal organs
3. Perforated duodenal/pyloric ulcer
4. Perforated posterior gastric ulcer
5. Pancreas

Answer 20

1. Prepatellar bursitis, swelling and pain over anterior inferior patella. Symptoms include redness, inability to flex the knee and pain+ swelling is localized over the bursa ( below patella)
2. Suprarenal (adrenal) glands, IVC & aorta, duodenum (sec and third part), pancreas, ureters, colon (ascending and descending), kidneys, inferior part of rectum and esophagus.
3. Greater sac
4. Lesser sac
5. Lesser sac

Question 21

Blood supply of lower limb

Answer 21

External iliac A –> Femoral A –> Popliteal A –> Anterior Tibial A –>Dorsalis pedis A

Site of obstruction is always one level proximal to that of affected muscle group.

Question 22

Doing push up against wall scapula winging is exaggerated?
Winging exaggerated by slowly lowering arm?
Winging exaggerated by arm abduction at shoulder level?

Answer 22

Long thoracic nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
Accessory nerve

Doing push ups is Long Tiring Work

Arm needs to be abducted to wear accessories

DorSLOW scapular nerve, slow lowering of arm

Question 23

Lumbosacral nerve root entrapments
L4
L5
S1

Answer 23

Motor weakness of knee extension
Motor weakness of big toe dorsiflexion
Motor weakness of plantar flexion

Question 24

PED
TIP

Answer 24

Peroneal Eversion Dorsiflexion
Tibial Inversion Plantarflexion