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History CCA review > Flashcards > Flashcards

Flashcards

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1
Q

Salutary Neglect

A

The British government allowing the colonies in America to rule themselves

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2
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Letting the people decide → the people having governmental power

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3
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Declaration by King George III not allowing colonists to move west past the Appalachian Mountains

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4
Q

Common Sense

A

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine encouraging colonists to separate from British rule

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5
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

American colonists asking/pleading to stop fighting with the British and to try and find a solution

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6
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

These laws raised the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, authorized the president to deport “aliens,” and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime.

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7
Q

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

A

The resolutions argued that the federal government had no authority to exercise power not specifically delegated to it in the Constitution.

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8
Q

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

A

ended war of 1812

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9
Q

George Washington

A

Set precedents that are still followed today, such as a Presidential Cabinet and two terms.

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10
Q

John Adams

A

Patriot and 2nd President, but the Alien and Sedition Acts cost him a second term

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11
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

First Secretary of State, made the Louisiana Purchase despite controversy, and infuriated the Northern shipping companies with the Embargo Act.

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12
Q

James Madison

A

Father of the Constitution, President during the War of 1812, involved in writing the Federalist Papers

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13
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

First Secretary of the Treasury responsible for the creation of the 1st National Bank

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14
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

General at the Battle of New Orleans, US President in 1828. Involved in dissolving US Bank and forcibly removing Native Americans from their lands

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15
Q

French-Indian War

A

War fought in which Britain and its colonies defeated France and Native American allies, gaining more land

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16
Q

British & Colonists relations after F-I War

A

Arrogant and unfair because of taxes

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17
Q

Stamp Act

A

Law passed by Parliament that required colonists taxes on ALL printed materials (newspapers, playing cards, etc.)

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18
Q

Why did colonists protest the Stamp Act?

A

Did not want to pay high taxes on paper goods

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19
Q

Quartering Act

A

the Quartering Acts were two or more Acts of British Parliament requiring local governments of Britain’s North American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food.

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20
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

act passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party; it shut down Boston Harbor and took away colonial voting participation for governor and made the governorship a position appointed by the British Crown

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21
Q

Common Sense & Declaration of Independence, and impact on popular sovereignty

A

Both supported/encouraged the colonists and people of America to support the idea of popular sovereignty (people having a large say in gov’t)

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22
Q

American and Native American relations during Revolutionary War

A

Native Americans and Americans did not get along, the Native Americans were helping the British during the war

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23
Q

How did colonists feel about the Revolution?

A

They were motivated to win their independence and prove their strength as its own country

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24
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

a decisive victory for the Continental Army and a crucial turning point in the Revolutionary War

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25
Q

What came out of this battle?

A

American victory in the AR, treaty signed leading to American independence

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26
Q

Why the Colonists won the war

A

knew the territory, motivated fighting for freedom, wore out British and their will to fight

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27
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government’s increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades. (Showed weakness of articles of confederation

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28
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Articles of Confederation

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29
Q

Weaknesses of Articles

A

Federal gov’t was weak and had no power. No right to tax people, or the power to create a bank. Federal gov’t could not control trade/create taxes on trade. No national army/protection.

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30
Q

Separation of Powers

A

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

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31
Q

Checks and Balances

A

System that made sure each branch of gov’t could check one another, so that one branch would not gain more power than the other

32
Q

Electoral College

A

Group of people chosen from each state to indirectly elect the president and vice president → amount of votes vary on the size of the state

33
Q

What was criticism of it?

A

You can win the popular vote and lose the election

34
Q

Role of Presidents’ Cabinet

A

Heads of executive departments who meet as a group to advise President

35
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Madison’s proposal for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population

36
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

William Paterson’s proposal for a unicameral legislature with each state having one vote

37
Q

Great Compromise

A

Compromise between VA and NJ Plans for a bicameral legislature; each state would have equal representation in Senate and varied representation in the House of Representatives based on the state’s population

38
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

Each slave in a state would be counted as 3/5 of a person for the purposes of legislative representation

39
Q

The new Constitution

A

First Constitution failed, so the new constitution was changed to give the national gov’t more power. Also included the bill of rights to ensure people didn’t lose their rights

40
Q

What did Americans fear about the Constitution?

A

People feared national gov’t would have too much power and they would lose their rights

41
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

The Federalist Papers is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the collective pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the Constitution of the United States.

42
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First ten amendments of the Constitution

43
Q

Support for the Bill of Rights

A

1st Ten Amendments 🡪 gave the people protective rights to ensure their personal freedom. Gave people basic rights.

44
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of Speech, press, assembly, religion

45
Q

2nd Amendment

A

The right to bear arms

46
Q

3rd Amendment

A

No soldier shall be quartered in someone’s home

47
Q

4th Amendment

A

no unreasonable search and seizure

48
Q

5th Amendment

A

no one shall be “deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.”

49
Q

6th Amendment

A

right to a speedy and public trial with an impartial jury

50
Q

7th Amendment

A

protects the right to a trial by jury in civil court cases.

51
Q

8th Amendment

A

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

52
Q

9th Amendment

A

all the rights not listed in the Constitution belong to the people, not the government

53
Q

10th Amendment

A

the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution

54
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the federal tax on whiskey

55
Q

Washington’s response to Whiskey Rebellion

A

Sends a lot of troops to Pennsylvania to put down any chance of “rebellion.” Shows new strength of the government.

56
Q

National Bank

A

Jackson hated national banks, thought it only favored the wealthy. founded by Hamilton

57
Q

George Washington’s Farewell Address (Warnings)

A

Avoid political parties! Stay out of European affairs – do not get dragged into war

58
Q

Election of 1796- Winner

A

Jefferson loses to Adams, but shows a huge growth in a new political party (Jeffersonian Republicans). Starts to show a divide in the country.

59
Q

Election of 1800- Winner

A

BIG win for Jefferson (3rd) because a new political party has won and taken over office 🡪 no longer federalist party.

60
Q

Impact of these Elections

A

Showed the growing divide between the North and South. First time the Federalists were not in office, and showed how the people had changing views of gov’t

61
Q

Judicial Review

A

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act by the Executive Branch unconstitutional

62
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

1803 purchase from France by the US of the LA Territory (between the Mississippi River & the Rocky Mountains)

63
Q

Embargo Act

A

Ban of all goods/services with Britain. No more trade with Britain. Made to put pressure on the British, and force them to cooperate with the U.S.

64
Q

How did Embargo Act affect Jefferson’s 2nd term?

A

The Embargo Act is a HUGE failure. People lose jobs, the economy suffers. Britain finds new markets to trade with. Does not look good for Jefferson who made this Embargo Act.

65
Q

What caused the War of 1812?

A

The continued impressment of American Sailors by the British Navy

66
Q

President during War of 1812

A

James Madison

67
Q

What happened to Washington DC during the War of 1812?

A

Burned to the Ground

68
Q

Star Spangled Banner

A

written by Francis Scott Key as watched Fort McHenry being bombed: led to writing of National Anthem

69
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

Decisive American victory over British, led to Andrew Jackson being a hero; this battle was fought after the signing of Treaty of Ghent

70
Q

Outcome of War of 1812

A

US keeps its independence, no territorial changes.

71
Q

Andrew Jackson as “Common Man”

A

Loved by the common people, distrusted wealthy elites

72
Q

Spoils System

A

system in which you reward political supporters jobs in government as a reward

73
Q

Jackson’s Bank War

A

did not trust US Bank, believed that in only benefited wealthy elites, dissolved the US Bank

74
Q

Worcester vs. Georgia

A

ruled that because the Cherokee Nation was a separate political entity that could not be regulated by the state, Georgia’s license law was unconstitutional and Worcester’s conviction should be overturned.

75
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Forcibly removed Cherokee and other Indigenous tribes off their ancestral lands and forced them to live in modern day Oklahoma; ruled unconstitutional however Jackson went ahead of with the act

76
Q

Trail of Tears

A

The forced march of Cherokee Native Americans from their ancestral lands to modern day Oklahoma; numerous Natives died on the trip from starvation, disease, and harsh conditions

History CCA review (1 decks)

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