Flashcards 1
A patient with Alzheimer’s disease would be likely to obtain the lowest scores on what factor indexes on the WAIS-III?
Perceptual organization and processing speed
The behavior therapy technique for reducing arousal to inappropriate stimuli by first masturbating to orgasm while imagining appropriate stimuli and then continuing to masturbate while fantasizing about paraphilic images after orgasm is called what?
Satiation Therapy
To study attachment, a researcher has a mother of a one year old stand on the deep side of the visual cliff, while the child is placed on the shallow side. The researcher finds that when a mother smiles, the child crosses to its 3738 mother, but, when the mother frowns, the child does not approach her and cries. What is this phenomenon is referred to as?
Social referencing, which is seen as a sign of attachment between a child and its caregiver
A patient with Parkinson’s Disease is experiencing tremors.
What transmitter is probably involved?
Dopamine
According to Horn and Cattell (1966), how does crystallized intelligence develop?
Through the use of fluid intelligence
The cingulate cortex is most associated with what?
Emotions and motivation (cingulated cortex is part of limbic system that mediates satisfaction following eating and sex; “satisfaction center”
Asian-American students often outperform their non-Asian peers on various measures of academic achievement.
Research suggests that the best predictor of higher achievement in Asian-Americans is what?
Fear of academic failure (for non-Asians, it is effort)
Piaget’s concrete operational stage, one of the things a child develops the ability to do is mentally sort objects, which is called _______.
Transitivity (children also develop reversibility, decentration, and hierarchical classification)
A psychologist is hired as a consultant by an agency that works with homosexual men whose behavior places them at very high risk for the HIV virus. The psychologist is asked to work with groups of the agency’s clients, with the goal of decreasing high-risk activity in this population. Assuming the psychologist is familiar with the research in this area, she is most likely to take what approach?
Provide knowledge to the group about AIDS, as research shows knowledge about AIDS is a better predictor of less risk-taking behavior than perceived peer norms for high-risk groups (for low-risk groups, engendering a group norm of disapproval is best)
The proportion of variability in one variable that is accounted for by variability in another variable (or the proportion of variability shared by the two variables) is referred to as what?
Coefficient of determination (square of a correlation coefficient)
Based on Schachter’s work, how would a psychologist treat a client with an obesity problem?
By manipulating the external cues, as research shows obese people rely more on external than internal cues in their eating behaviors
Marital therapy based on the principles of most often emphasizes behavioral therapy combined with communication and problem-solving skills training.
Social Learning Theory
How do immigrant children who complete bilingual education programs, as compared to counterparts who are submerged in “English-only” education, typically end up?
At least equally proficient in English (sometimes better!)
You work for a university on a panel set up to make personnel decisions. The panel is considering granting tenure to a professor who has an unproven charge of sexual harassment pending. You vote against granting the professor tenure. Are your actions ethical or not?
Unethical if the reason for your vote was the allegation of sexual harassment
True or False: According to Minuchin, disengaged families tend to experience excessive conflict that hinders effective communication?
False- disengaged families tend to avoid conflict
To ensure that providers meet and maintain health plan participation requirements, managed care organizations (MCOs) use as a review process.
Credentialing, which is the formal process for determining if a provider meets and maintains the standards of qualification
The brain part or system that manages the circadian rhythm is located where?
Hypothalamus (while most other sleep functions are associated with the reticular activating system)
You are holding your friend’s one year old. Your friend leaves the room and her child continues to smile at you happily, and shows no interest in her mother when she returns. How has your friend most likely been as a parent?
Smothering/overstimulating and/or impatient/nonresponsive (the child is exhibiting an anxious/avoidant attachment)
What model of leadership provides a “decision tree” to help a leader determine whether an autocratic, consultative, or consensual decision-making approach is best given the nature of the work situation?
Vroom and Yetton’s normative model
True or False: A drawback of empirically-derived biodata forms is that they often lack face validity?
True- biodata forms often ask for information that seems to have nothing to do with job performance
Cross’s (1991) Black Racial (Nigresence) Identity Development Model includes the stage called
Pre-Encounter. At this stage an African-American prefers what type of therapist?
One of Caucasian race
A group’s decisions tend to be more extreme (in one direction or the other) than those that would be made by individuals in the group acting alone. This phenomenon is referred to as what?
Group polarization
According to Theodore Millon, people with Narcissistic Personality Disorder rely primarily on what defense mechanisms?
Repression, rationalization, and projection
In an operant conditioning experiment, researchers flash a light to signal the subject that she will receive a dollar bill for finding the ace of spades in a deck of cards. What is this signal called?
A discriminative stimulus
When constructing an achievement test, what would be useful for comparing total test scores of a sample of examinees to the proportion of examinees who answer each item correctly?
Item response theory
In group therapy, when is a member most likely
self-disclose?
When other members of the group have freely self-disclosed (“self-disclosure reciprocity”)
According to research, what is likely to happen if you hear arguments against your opinion, followed by arguments against the opposing opinion?
Your resistance to future opposing arguments will be increased (referencing McGuire’s inoculation theory)
A young woman is very anxious because, lately, she finds she frequently misperceives things in the environment, which has caused some embarrassing moments at work and elsewhere.
For example, at work, she mistook the coat rack for the company president. As a result, she is not enjoying her job or usual social activities as much as she used to. The woman’s symptoms are most suggestive of what?
Illusions, which is a misperception of a real stimulus (as opposed to a hallucination)
According to APA’s Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, how should test results be reported?
In clear and simple language
To reduce a client’s fear of cats, a behavioral psychologist has the client imagine approaching a cat and then, when anxiety occurs, pair that image with deep muscle relaxation. This technique is known as what?
Reciprocal inhibition (Wolpe’s version of systematic desensitization or counterconditioning)
What has research on electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT) indicated about effects on memory?
Memory deficits are largely reversible although some problems with autobiographical memory may persist for months
A researcher inquires about the subjects’ performance expectations and beliefs about the purpose of the study at the conclusion of the experiment. The researcher finds the subjects actual performance is consistent with their beliefs and expectations when analyzing the data. The results of the study may be confounded by what?
Demand characteristics
Relying on the work of Heinz Kohut, a therapist would stress the use of what when working with a narcissistic client?
Empathy, as a consistent lack of parental empathy is what leads to narcissism in a child in the first place (Self-Psychology)
In what area of the brain is peripheral vision processed?
Anterior occipital lobe (central vision is processed in the posterior occipital lobe)
“Business necessity” and “job relatedness” are related to what?
Adverse impact, as they are both conditions that may permit the use of a selection or other employment procedure that results in an adverse impact
What therapeutic approach strives to increase an individual’s awareness of the self, the environment, and the nature of the self-environment boundary?
Gestalt Therapy
Organizations that advocate individual responsibility, consensual-decision making, slow promotion, and holistic knowledge of the organization are using what management philosophy?
Theory Z (Ouchi), which incorporates aspects from traditional American (Theory A) and Japanese (Theory J) management philosophies
According to Edgar Schein, the motivation of priorities that define how people see themselves and their work refers to what concept?
Career anchor, which is a person’s self-concept consisting of self-perceived talents and abilities, basic values, motives, and needs as they pertain to the career
Your client comes to session and tells you that he is having trouble recognizing your face and those of others familiar to him. You realize that he may be suffering from prosopagnosia which is believed to be due to damage to what brain structure?
Bilateral occipitotemporal area
______ is a basic concept of the organizational developmental strategy of process consultation.
Attitude change follows behavior change
True or False: APA’s Record Keeping Guidelines state that client records may not be maintained in electronic media?
False
Records can be maintained in a variety of media
According to the tension-reduction hypothesis, alcohol is due to the effects of what?
Conditioning
According to Lewin’s field theory, behavior is a function of the relationship between ____ and ____.
The person; the environment
What set of characteristics, according to recent literature comparing leadership and management, is more critical for today’s leaders than for managers?
Independent, innovative, and flexible
