Flashcards 1
The company most associated with Six Sigma?
Motorola
The most notable salesperson who popularised Six Sigma?
Jack Welch, General Electric
The history of Six Sigma can be traced to this industry..
Automotive
The highest level of certification
Black Belt
What belt is above yellow?
Green Belt
LEAN focuses on ..
Improving process efficiency
Six Sigma focuses on ..
Quality and consistency
Six Sigma is a statistical term that focuses on ..
Variation
What is the definition of variation?
A measure of the difference associated with one unit to the next. The output of every process suffers from some variation.
What is the definition of Six Sigma?
A highly disciplined process that focuses on developing and delivering near-perfect products & services
What is the definition of perfection in Six Sigma?
3.4 or less defects per million outputs
What are three components that can be used to describe any process?
Input, Process & Output
Mathematic description of a process
Y=(f)x
What is the Voice of the Customer
Defines the needs and expectations of the customer/ The VOC must be reflected in the capabilities of the process.
What is the Voice of the Business
Voice of the organisation. Considered in process design or redesign. Can include management style, financial resources as well as other physical resources that support the organisation.
What is the Voice of the Process
Represents capabilities & limitations within the organisation
What is the Voice of the Employee
Capabilities, limitations and motivations of those who are part of the process
A tool to find the root cause of a problem is ..
Fishbone
The head of a fishbone represents what?
The problem to be addressed
What are the lines with problems called in a fishbone?
Oblique lines
The short horizontal lines in a fishbone represent the possible …
Root causes of the problem
Those dimensions of a product or service that are instrumental in delivering quality outcomes are …
Critical to quality, CTQ
An estimate of the cost to the organisation for delivering poor quality ..
Cost of Poor Quality, COPQ
Another term for the 80-20 rule
Pareto Rule
Japanese for continuous improvement
Kaizen
Metrics =
Concrete measurements that minimisie intuition and opinion when proposing and executing Lean Six Sigma projects
A document that formally authorises a project
Project Charter
Financial evaluation methodology for projects
Compare benefits with costs and a benefit-cost ratio
Five Steps of DMAIC
Define Measure Analyse Improve Control
What is implied by the define stage?
Clear definition of the problem
What is meant by the term measure in DMAIC
Clarifying the problem through measurements
What is meant by the term analyse in DMAIC
Spreadsheets, process maps, charts and statistical analysis to better understand a problem
What limits the measurement process?
Tools we use and human error
What is meant by the term precision?
The closeness of two measurements to each other
What is meant by the term accuracy?
How close results are to the true value
Precision & Accuracy
Measurements can be precise but not accurate, precise and accurate or note precise or not accurate
3 tools we can use to help design and improve process flow
SIPOC diagram
Value Stream
Process Map
SIPOC Meaning
Supplier
Input
Process
Outcomes
Customer
Why draw a SIPOC?
Helps define important factors, especially at the start of a project
Value Stream Map …
Shows the sequence of steps including delays that one associated with a process. Can be used to identify & analyse value added and non value added & steps.
How are delays shown in a value stream map?
Using a shape similar to “D”
Basic flow of a Value Stream Map
Left to right & logical sequence
Value Added Activities
Those that add customer value. Defined from a customer perspective not management
How does a process map differ from a value stream map?
Process map includes more detail
Kanban Diagram
Visual display of the steps in a process and location of process units or people as they flow through the system
Which company proposed the concepts of the Seven Wastes?
Toyota
What are the Seven Wastes?
Transportation
Inventory
Motion
Waiting
Over Processing
Over Production
Defects
Three types of inventory
Incoming
In Process
Finished Goods
