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MICROBIO/ BACTE > FLASHCARD BACTE > Flashcards

FLASHCARD BACTE

1
Q

Phenotypic
Gram (+) colonies: Dry, white, sometimes gray
Gram (-) colonies: Gray and moist

A

BAP

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2
Q

For Gram (+)
For nonfermentative
For Enterobacteriaceae

A

LOA test

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3
Q

When delayed: 4’C

Freezing: -20’C

A

Chlamydia

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4
Q

Inactivates HBV (10mins) and HIV (2mins)

A

Na hypochlorite

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5
Q

Nichrome = F(+) on oxidase test

Not longer than 5cm

A

Inoculating needles

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6
Q

2mm diameter

0.001mL urine

A

Wire loop

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7
Q

Significant for UTI

A

50k CFU/mL

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8
Q

Not Gram stained

A

Stool

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9
Q

Basis of serotyping

A

Somatic antigen

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10
Q

1st to use dyes for stain

A

Ehrlich

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11
Q

Ave. size: 0.4-2μm

Reproduction: Binary fission (two-fold increase)

A

Ave. size: 0.4-2μm

Reproduction: Binary fission (two-fold increase)

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12
Q

Thick peptidoglycan

Teichoic acid

A

Gram (+)

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13
Q

Thin peptidoglycan
LPS (Lipid A – exotoxin)
Somatic antigen

A

Gram (-)

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14
Q

Chromosome and plasmid-mediated

A

Drug-resistance

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15
Q

Calcium dipicolinate

Bacillus, Clostridium

A

Calcium dipicolinate

Bacillus, Clostridium

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16
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Lactobacillus

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17
Q

Halophilic

Enterococcus and V. parahaemolyticus

A

Salt concentration

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18
Q

^ (up yan haha) in growth rate (cell division)

Susceptible to antimicrobial agents

A

Log/Exponential phase

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19
Q 
No net growth
Death = Live cells
Depletion of nutrients
Accumulation of toxic wastes
Sporulation
A

Stationary/plateau phase

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20
Q

Bacteria stain more by basic stains

A

Staining

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21
Q

Over-decolorization
Old dying
Acidic iodine
Penicillin: omits iodine

A

Gram (+) becomes (-)

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22
Q

Under-decolorization

Thick smear

A

Gram (-) becomes (+)

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23
Q

M. smegmatis vs. M. tuberculosis

A

Pappenheim’s

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24
Q

M. leprae vs. M. tuberculosis

A

Baumgarten’s

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25
Q

M. leprae

Counterstain: Hematoxylin

A

Fite Faraco

26
Q 
Mycobacterium
Nocardia = Mod. AFS (1% H2SO4 as decolorizer)
Cryptosporidium
Legionella micdadei
Rhodococcus equi
A

Acid fast organisms

27
Q 
Best AFS
C-A-M
1. Carbolfuchsin = 1’ stain
-Start timing: Vapor (10mins)
-Heat = Mordant
2. 3% Acid alcohol = Decolorizer
-HCl + 95% etOH
-Until no more stain (Max: 3mins)
3. Methylene blue = counterstain
-30secs to 1min
Results:
AFO = Red
NAFO = Blue
A

Ziehl-Neelsen (Hot method)

28
Q 
Not used
C-A-M
1. Carbolfuchsin = 1’ stain
-Phenol, Tergitol = Mordant
2. 3% Acid alcohol = Decolorizer
3. Malachite Green = Counterstain
Results:
AFO = Red
NAFO = Green
A

Kinyoun (Cold method)

29
Q 
Most sensitive
1. Auramine-rhodamine = 1’stain
2. 0.5% Acid alcohol = Decolorizer
3. 0.5% KMnO4 = Counterstain
Results:
AFO = Yellow fluorescence
NAFO = No fluorescence
A

Auramine-Rhodamine (Fluorochrome)

30
Q 
Capsule = Negative stain
Spore = Dorner, Wirtz, Conklin
Metachromatic granules
- Albert’s
-Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue (LAMB)
lec.mt 04 |Page | 58
Flagella = Leifson
Nucleic acid = Feulgen
Polar bodies (ex: Y. pestis) = Wayson
Rickettsia = Gimenez
Spirochetes = Levaditi
A

Special stains

31
Q

For study of living unstained organisms

A

Phase contrast microscope

32
Q 
For viruses
Light source: Electrons
100,000x magnification
Stains:
-Negative stain
-PTA
-Heavy metals (Gold, Silver)
A

Electron microscope

33
Q

DNA, RNA, chromosomes

A

Transmission EM

34
Q

For tissue culture

A

Inverted Microscope

35
Q

Dual light source

A

Interference microscope

36
Q

String’s test (3% KOH)

A

Non staining method

37
Q

Streak plate = overlap method
Pour plate = Water and milk bacteriology
Selective medium
Animal inoculation = for virus, Chlamydia, Rickettsia

A

Pure culture

38
Q

2 or more organisms

A

Mixed culture

39
Q

Stored at refrigeratior or freezer (long term)

A

Stock culture

40
Q

Broth

A

Liquid

41
Q

0.5-1% agar

A

Semi-solid

42
Q

2-3% agar

A

Solid

43
Q

Nonfastidious organisms

  1. Sheep BAP = Hemolysis
  2. Horse BAP = Haemophilus
    - Heat-stable, provides X-factor
  3. Nutrient agar
A

General purpose media

44
Q

Solid
Fastidous organisms
1. CAP = Heat-labile, provides X & V factor

A

Enriched media

45
Q

Liquid

  1. Selenite F
  2. Alkaline peptone water
  3. Thioglycollate broth
A

Enrichment media

46
Q
  1. BAP = hemolysis
  2. MAC
  3. EMB
  4. XLD
  5. HEA
A

Differential media

47
Q

Inhibitory media

  1. TCBS
  2. SSA
  3. TMA
  4. CBAP
A

Selective media

48
Q

Antibiotics
Dyes, bile salts = inhibit Gram (+)
Alcohol (PEA) = inhibit Gram (-)

A

Inhibitory agents

49
Q

High risk
No treatment available
Inhalation of aerosols
Ex. Small pox

A

BSL IV

50
Q

High risk
Treatment available
Inhalation of aerosols
Ex. Mycobacteria (BSC Class II)

A

BSL III

51
Q

Moderate risk

A

BSL II

52
Q

No risk

A

BSL I

53
Q

BHIB + 0.25% SPS
Dilution = 1:10 (1mL blood, 9mL broth)
Anti-complementary, anticoagulant, antiphagocytic
Neutralizes aminoglycosides

A

Blood culture bottle

54
Q

Rgt: tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride in dimethylsulfoxide
(+) Purple

A

Modified oxidase test

55
Q
  1. Toluidine blue (pink zone)/ Methyl green (clear zone)

2. HCl precipitation: no pptn. after adding 1N HCl when DNase (+) = pink

A

DNase test

56
Q

Medium: MSA (7.5% NaCl)
Indicator: Phenol Red
(+) Yellow
(-) Red

A

Mannitol fermentation

57
Q 
Vector: Sandfly
Infections:
-Carrion’s disease
-Verruga peruana: skin eruptions
-Oroya fever: anemia
A

B. bacilli formis

58
Q 
Fusiform
Gliding motility
Periodontal disease (oral flora) = periodontitis
Large spreading colonies
(-) Oxidase
(-) Catalase
(-) Indole
(+) Esculin hydrolysis, NO3 reduction
A

Capnocytophaga

59
Q

Old: Achromobacterium
Violacein: violet colored
MAC: NLF
NH4 cyanide

A

C. violaceum

60
Q 
Infections:
Cat scratch disease
Bacillary angiomatosis
Peliosis
Hepatitis
(NG) MAC
A

B. henselae

61
Q

Yellow milk

A

Flavobacterium synxanthum

MICROBIO/ BACTE (1 decks)

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