Flashcard 150 U.S History 8
Why does the U.S. Constitution start with “We the people..” (2 reasons)?
It symbolizes unity of the people, the that the power comes from the people
What Enlightenment Thinker is famous for writing about the Social Contract?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What is a “Social Contract”?
an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits
What Enlightenment Thinker is famous for writing about Separation of Powers?
Montesquieu
Why did the founders want “to form a more perfect union”?
Because the Articles of Confederation had many problems and was not working.
What are the six purposes for establishing the U.S. Constitution?
to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, ensure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity
What is meant by “establishing justice”?
To have a court system and judges that are fair.
Why did the Founders want to “establish justice”?
to have rules and laws based on certain fundamental principles and not the arbitrary whims of those holding government power at any moment
What is meant by “insure domestic tranquility”?
To make sure there is peace inside the country.
Why did the Founders want to “ensure domestic tranquility”?
So there would not be riots or rebellions in the country. Like Shay’s Rebellion.
What is popular sovereignty?
the idea that political authority belongs to the people
What is meant by Separation of Powers?
Power is shared among the 3 branches of government.
What are the three branches of government?
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
What is the role of the Legislative Branch?
create laws
What is the role of the Executive Branch?
enforce laws
What is the role of the Judicial Branch?
interpret laws
What power was the Congress given to “provide for the common defense”?
The power to maintain an army and a navy.
What is meant by “promote the general Welfare”?
To make sure the economy is good. Everyone has good working conditions.
What is meant by “secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity”?
protect individual freedom
Why did the Founders want to “provide for the common defense”?
it was important for the states to defend the nation together
What was the Great Compromise?
Created a bicameral legislature (combined VA and NJ plans to create Congress) one house based on representation, one house has equal representation
Which theory of the origin of the state is the United States Constitution based on?
Magna Carta
What is limited government?
Government with limited powers strictly defined by law
What are the six basic principles of the U.S. Constitution?
limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, and popular sovereignty.
What is federalism?
A sharing of power between states and the national government
What are the qualifications for becoming a Member of the House of Representatives?
a representative must be at least 25 years old, a United States citizen for at least seven years, and an inhabitant of the state he or she represents.
What are the qualifications for becoming a Senator?
age (at least thirty years of age); U.S. citizenship (at least nine years)
What are the qualifications for becoming President of the United States?
Be a natural-born citizen of the United States.
Be at least 35 years old.
Have been a resident of the United States for 14 years.
What is the term of office for the House of Representatives?
two-year terms
What is the term of office for a Senator?
six-year terms
What is the term of office for the President of the United States?
eight years
How many members of the House of Representatives?
435 members
How many members of the Senate?
100 (2 per state)
How is the number of Members of the House for each state determined?
population
How is the number of Senators from each state determined?
2
How many Members of the House does CA have today?
52
What is a census?
the official count of a population
How often does the United States take the census?
every 10 years
Why does the United States take the census?
To determine the representation for each state
Why is the Senate called the “House that never dies”?
because only 1/3 of them are up for election in any given election year.
What is “the full faith and credit” clause?
addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”
What are enumerated powers?
powers belonging only to the federal government
What are implied powers?
Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution
What are reserved powers?
Powers given to the state governments
What is “the necessary and proper” clause?
Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” for executing its powers
What is the “elastic” clause?
It allows Congress to Stretch its powers as needed.
Which power of Congress has been stretched the most?
Establish a military draft
What are the 3 types of government that describe where the power is in a government?
Unitary, Federal, Confederate
What are the 3 types of government that describe who has the power?
Unitary: one leader, Federal: both, Confederate: The people
What does impeachment mean?
To be formally accused of unconstitutional activity
Who has the power to impeach?
House of Representatives
Who acts as the jury in an impeachment trial?
The Senate with a 2/3 majority
Who is the presiding judge in an impeachment trial?
The Chief Justice of the United States
What were the Articles of Confederation?
United States’ first Constitution after the American Revolution
Who has the power to declare war?
Congress
What are the titles of the officers of the Senate?
Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate) The Constitution names the vice president of the United States as the president of the Senate. …
President Pro Tempore. …
Secretary of the Senate. …
Sergeant at Arms. …
Party Secretaries. …
Senate Chaplain. …
Committee & Office Staff. …
Who has the power to lay and collect taxes?
congress
Why must all tax laws originate in the House of Representatives?
To be more responsive to the people
Who has “reserved” powers?
states