flashC Oral pharmaco Flashcards
Oxacillin (Oxacilina Vitrofarma -Colombia)
disease : staphylococcal infections
capsules 500mg Oxacillin every 6 hours for at least 14 days
Rp / Oxacillin capsules 0.5g
no : LVI
Ds : internal once every 6 hours for 14 days
Oxacillin ((Oxacilina Vitrofarma -Colombia))
Disease : moderate desease
capsules 500mg Oxacillin once every 6 hours until disappearance of symptoms, Continue at least 48 hours after the disappearance
Rp / Oxacillin capsules 0.5g
No (Depends on how long she will tell us, you have to add 8 because keep going 48 hours after disappearance)
Ds : internal once every 6 hours until disappearance of symptoms, Continue at least 48 hours after the disappearance
Oxacillin (Oxacilina Vitrofarma -Colombia)
For children less than 40 kg children for exemple 40 kg for mild infection
40kg child with mild infection = 50mg * 40 = 2000 mg / 4 = 500 mg per day
For a severale infection you double the final dose so 1000 mg per day
capsules 500mg Oxacillin once every 6 hours ( depends on how long she is gonna tell us)
Rp / Oxacillin capsules 0.5g
no 4 * X
ds :capsules 500mg Oxacillin once every 6 hours ( depends on how long she is gonna tell us)
oxacillin used in ? (diseases)
• treatment of staphylococcal infections;
• nfections of the skin and soft tissues (dermatitis, furunculosis, phlegms, mastitis, infected wounds and burns);
• ENT infections (external otites); dental abscesses;
• infections of the urogenital tract due to penicillin-secretory staphylococcus
• osteomyelitis, staphylococcal enterocolitis
- In the case of endocarditis or staphylococcal septicaemia, parenteral treatment should be used.
AMPICILLIN respiratory infection and urinary infection
+ dose for child 35kg
+ serious desease
caspule AMPICILLIN 250 mg 2 every 6 hours for (depends on how long she tells us)
RP / AMPICILLIN capsule 0.25g
No 2 * X
ds : internal caspule AMPICILLIN 250 mg 2 every 6 hours (depends on how long she tells us)
For child = 35 * 50 =1750 mg —> 1750 / 4 = 430 mg every 6 hours
in serious diseases 4g/day so 1000 mg / 4 caps every 6 hours
ampicillin used in ?
- genitourinary
- biliary
- Digestive
- caused by sesible germs: meningitis with Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus or meningococcus,
- respiratory bacterial infections (bronchitis, pneumonia), sinusitis, otitis
- urinary infections with Escherichia coli, Proteus
- acute gastroenteritis with salmonella, typhoid fever, bacterial dysentery
- whooping cough, septicaemia, endocarditis
- VERY WELL SUPPORTED BY PREGNANT WOMEN AND INFANTS!!
AUGMENTIN tablets
(for mild infection for adult) 625 mg tablets augmentin twice a day (depends on how long she tells us)
Rp /Tablet augmentin 0.625 g
No : 2 * X
ds : internal 625 mg tablets augmentin twice a day (depends on how long she tells us)
For severe infection : 1 g tablet * 2/Day (Twice day)
Dental infection : 625mg twice day for 5 days (No : X)
Children between 3 months-1 year( 9kgs) : 9 * 25 =225 mg per day 7
Children over 6 years (18-40 kg): 5 ml Augmentin suspension 312 mg / 5 ml 3 times a day
augmentin is used in ?
- Mixed infections with microorganisms sensitive to Amoxicillinum, or beta-lactamase-producing
• Infections of the upper respiratory tract, caused by pneumococcus, S.pyogenes, H. Influenzae
sinusitis
otitis media
• Infections of the lower respiratory tract, caused by pneumococcus, H. Influenzae
acute and chronic bronchitis
bronchopneumonia
• Genitourinary tract infections
cystitis, urethritis - E.Coli
gonorrhea
• Skin infections- Staphylococcus aureus, S. pyogenes.
• Dental infections - alveolodental abscess.
Cefuroxime
Zinnat tablets 250 mg cefuroxime twice a day for xxx time
Rp : cefuroxime 0.25 g
No : 2* Xxxxxxx
ds internal Zinnat tablets 250 mg cefuroxime twice a day for xxxxx time
(500 mg per day for all the desease execpt in bacterial pneumopathies)
in bacterial pneumopathies: 1000 mg a day —> 4 caps a day of 250 mg
cefuroxime is used on ?
- Infections of the lower respiratory tract : • acute and chronic bronchitis • pneumonia - Infections of the upper respiratory tract: • otitis media • Sinusitis • tonsillitis • pharyngitis. - Infections of the genitourinary tract: • • cystitis • • urethritis • • gonococcal urethritis • • cervicitis.. - Infections of the skin and soft tissues: • Furunculosis • Pilodermitis • Impetigo - - Meningitis produced by: • H. Influentzae • neumococcus • Meninggogic
ERYTHROMYCIN
( Gonococcal urethritis) tablet form 200mg erythromycin 2 and half tablets twice a day for 14 days
Rp : erythromycin tablet 0.2g
no : LXX
Rp : internal tablet form 200mg erythromycin 2 and half tablets twice a day for 14 days
(For adult) : internal Suspended powder for oral use 1,5g/Day 30 min before meal
(In severe infections) : internal suspended powder 4g/Day, taken in 4doses
ERYTHROMYCIN is used in ?
PENICILLIN ALLERGIC PATIENTS !! •Bronchitis • Diphtheria • neonatal conjunctivitis • Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia trachomatis in infants •pertussis • legionnaires' disease • sinusitis • otitis media • pharyngitis
GENTAMYCIN gentamicinum
FOR ADULT 70 KGD A 2ml vial contains 40mg of gentamicin 2 mg per kg = 140 mg per day in 3 doses
In the case of microorganisms with sensitivity moderate or in the case where there is seen an improvement in the clinical rapid , dose daily is to increase at 3 mg / kg body
In case of serious infections , up to 5 ml / kg body / day can be administered distributed in 3-4 doses
- Duration of treatment : 3 to 7 (10) days .
gentamicyn is used for ?
Infections of tract Respiratory
Bronchitis
pneumonia
- Infections of ways urogenital:
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
urethral
prostatitis
- infection with gonococcus including those caused by species resistant to penicillin and other antibiotics
- Severe eye infections
- Treatment of infections in after burns serious
- Septicemia
- due to its action , it is very effective in fighting in- hospital infections = nosocomial
- it is indicated and in the case of patients with renal impairment light with disease of neuromuscular (eg. Disease Parkinson’s disease) but also in the elderly .
clarithromycinum Claritromicina
250 mg film-coated tablets, 500 mg
Therapeutic schemes:
- Triple therapy (7-14 days): 500 mg Clarithromycin twice daily in combination with Lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily and Amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily for 7-14 days.
- Triple therapy (7 days): Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily in combination with Lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily and Metronidazole 400 mg twice daily for 7 days.
- Triple therapy (7 days): 500 mg Clarithromycin twice daily in combination with Omeprazole 40 mg once daily and Amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily or Metronidazole 400 mg twice daily for 7 days.
- Triple therapy (10 days): 500 mg Clarithromycin twice daily in combination with Amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily and Omeprazole 20 mg once daily for 10 days.
- Dual therapy (14 days): the usual dose is 500 mg Clarithromycin 3 times a day for 14 days. Clarithromycin should be given in combination with Omeprazole 40 mg orally once daily. Omeprazole 40 mg once daily for 28 days was used in the pivotal study. Omeprazole 40 mg once daily for 14 days was used in supportive studies.
CLARITROMICINA IS USED FOR ?
- nasopharyngeal infections: o amigadalite or pharyngitis o of the paranasal sinuses - lower respiratory tract infections: or acute / chronic bronchitis o atypical pneumonia - skin infections: the impetigo the erysipelas a boil a folliculitis - Helicobacter Pylori eradication treatment
doxycyclinum Doxiciclina
CAPSULEs of 100mg of doxiciclina, 2 capsules first day and after 1 caps per day (depend until when)
Rp : capsules of doxicicline 0.1g
no 1 * X +2
Ds : internal CAPSULEs of 100mg of doxiciclina, 2 capsules first day and after 1 caps per day (depend until when)
(serious infection ) : 200 mg every day
(for child) : 1st day 4mgweight, after it’s 2 mgweight
(Acute gonococcal infections in women) : 2x100mg per day until healing
(Primary sancre, secondary syphilis) : 300mg per day for 10 days
(Primary sancre, secondary syphilis) : 2x100mg per day for 7 days
doxiciclina is used for ?
- Respiratory tract infections:
o antibiotic of choice in acute episodes of chronic bronchitis caused by:
pneumococcus
Streptococci
Haemophilus influenzae - Infections of the urogenital apparatus
a first choice antibiotic in Chlamydia infections
an alternative to penicillin treatment in infections caused by:
gonococci
Treponema pallidum - Infections of the digestive system:
o Cholera
a Whipple disease - Eye, skin and soft tissue infections
- Numerous strains of staphylococcus are resistant to Tetracycline
metronidazolum Metronidazol
Oral tablets containing metronidazole 250 mg 3 (morning, afternoon, evening) TABLETS PER DAY DUNRING 7 DAYS
Rp : tablets metronidazole 0.25 g
No : XXI
Ds internal Oral tablets containing metronidazole 250 mg 3 (morning, afternoon, evening) TABLETS PER DAY DUNRING 7 DAYS
metronidazolum Metronidazol is used for ?
Therapeutic indications
- Vaginal and urethral tricomoniasis
- liver dysentery
- Amebic liver abscesses
- anaerobic infections.
Norfloxacinum
Norfloxacinum
Form of presentation:
- Nolicin 400 mg: 400 mg film-coated tablets; box x 2 blisters. x 10 cpr.
- Norflox: Sol. oft / auric. 0.3%; ct. x 1fl. x 5 ml
- Norphloxacin: cps. 400 mg; ct x 1 fl. x 10 cps
Norfloxacinum
Therapeutic action:
New-generation, broad-spectrum antibacterial fluoroquinolone; bactericidal by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.
Norfloxacinum Directions:
Complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections
• Gastroenteritis
• Endocervical and urethral gonococcal infection
• Prostate
Norfloxacinum Contraindications:
- hypersensitivity to norfloxacin
- tendinopathy caused by fluoroquinolones
- Child
- Task
- lactation
Norfloxacinum Precautions:
- At high doses (1200 and 1600 mg) and in case of alkaline urine (pH> 7) crystalluria was observed. Although no crystalluria was observed after the usual doses (400 mg twice a day in adults), adequate hydration should be provided to maintain a urinary flow of 1200-1500 ml / day.
- Caution in patients with a stroke and a history of severe cerebrovascular disease. during treatment. tendinitis can occur very rarely, which can progress to tendon rupture, especially of the Achilles tendon.
- Avoid sun or UV exposure. during treatment. long-lasting and / or in the case of nosocomial infections, resistant strains can be selected, especially between staphylococcus and pseudomonas.
- Caution in patients with myasthenia gravis, in those with a history of seizures or in the presence of factors that predispose to seizures.
Norfloxacinum SIDE EFFECTS :
- Retrosternal burns
- Abdominal pain and cramps
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Anorexia
- Pancreatitis (rare)
- Itching
- Photosensitization
- Exfoliative dermatitis
- Polymorphic erythema
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Myalgias and / or convulsive arthralgias
- Mental confusion
- Hallucinations
- Headache
- Sleepiness
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Anxiety or nervousness
- Irritability
- Increased uremia and serum creatinine
- Increased transaminases, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase
Norfloxacinum Administration method
• Adults: Gonococcal urethritis 800 mg in a single dose
- in prostatitis usually 400 mg every 12 hours for 28 days.
- in uncomplicated urinary tract infections 400 mg every 12 hours for 3 days.
- in case of complicated urinary tract infections, 400 mg every 12 hours, for 10-21 days. - in bacterial gastroenteritis 400 mg every 8-12 hours, for 5 days.
- In case of IR, for a Cl creatinine <30 ml / min - 400 mg once / day. It is administered on an empty stomach (one hour before or 2 hours after a meal).
Scobutil Form of presentation
- Tablets containing butylscopolamine bromide 10 mg (flac. With 20 pcs.);
- Suppositories containing butylscopolamine 10 mg or 7.5 mg (box of 6 pcs.);
- Ampoules of 1 ml aqueous solution for injection containing 10 mg butylscopolamine bromide (box of 10 pcs.).
scobutil Therapeutic Action
Digestive and genitourinary antispasmodic by parasympatholytic action and weak ganglioplegia; gastric antisecretory. intestinal absorption is poor and the duration of action is relatively short. The product is metabolized by the liver; a small amount is excreted unchanged in the urine. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier or the placenta.
scobutil Indications
- Intestinal, biliary, urethral colic,
- Painful spastic phenomena of the cavitary organs (pyloric or cardiac spasm),
- Gastroduodenal ulcer,
- Mucomembrane colitis;
- Dysmenorrhea;
- Sludge retention;
- For hypotonic duodenography and differential radiological diagnosis between functional spasms and organic stenosis
- .Secondary spastic disorders of the digestive tract, related to tubes or probes, also spasms that appeared during catheterizations, after bladder surgery,
- Prostate
- Cholecyst.
scobutil Contraindications
- Glaucoma,
- Prostate adenoma with urinary retention,
- Ileus paralytic,
- Megacolon,
- Mechanical obstruction in the digestive tract,
- Hiatal hernia with esophageal reflux,
- A supraventricular tachyarrhythmias;
- Caution in severe ischemic heart disease and in patients with marked hyperthyroidism.
- Caution when combined with quinidine, amantadine, tricyclic antidepressants (increases the risk of side effects).
scobutil Side effects
- Dry mouth
- Vision disorders
- Tachycardia
- Constipation
- Difficulty urinating (especially at high doses).
scobutil Administration method
Adults: 1-2 tablets 3-4 times / day.
• Children 4-10 years: 1/2 tablet 1-3 times / day.
In severe biliary or nephrotic colic: 1 vial of Scobutyl compound is injected very slowly intravenously. In cases where intravenous administration is not possible, the drug may be injected deep intramuscularly, in no case subcutaneously, due to possible phenomena of local intolerance. After removal of acute spastic phenomena by parenteral administration, treatment can be continued with suppositories.
1 suppository contains 1 g of algocalmin and 0.01 g of scobutyl
Adrenaline PRESENTATION FORMS:
- Tablets
- Injectible solution: ampoules of 1 ml injectible solution containing Epinephrine 1mg(package of 100 ampoules)
- Solution for internal use containing Epinephrine 1 mg/ml or 20 drops (20ml vial)
adrenaline THERAPEUTIC ACTION:
- Vasoconstriction in:
o skin territory
o mucous
o Splahnic territory - vasodilation in:
o skeletal muscles territory
o cerebral territory
o coronary territory - the heart is stimulated by direct action;
- stimulation is accompanied by increased myocardial oxygen consumption
- low doses of adrenaline: vasodilating action
- high doses, injected IV: vasoconstrictor action
- blood pressure rises sharply
- bronchodilation
- relaxation of digestive smooth muscles (except sphincters)
- relaxes the bladder (but contracts the bladder sphincter)
- relaxes the myometrium
- mydriasis by contraction of the radius muscle of the iris
- Increased blood sugar
- Increase in oxidative metabolism
- Increases ACTH secretion
adrenaline PHARMACOKINTEIC PROPERTIES:
- subcutaneous administration is followed by relatively slow absorption (3-5 minutes) due to local vasoconstriction.
- absorption is much faster in the case of MI
- rapidly inactivated in the body, especially in the liver
- it is excreted in the urine as inactive metabolites.
adrenaline indication
- The main indication is anaphylactic shock
- preferably injected IV, in the first minutes after the onset of the anaphylactic accident
- treatment of asthma attack in subcutaneous injections
- local: sometimes used for decongestant and antihemorrhagic purposes. It is added in small quantities, in the solution of Procaine or Lidocaine in order to prolong the local action of the anesthetic (decreases the absorption by vasoconstriction)
adrenaline CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- high blood pressure
- myocardial disease
- ischemic heart disease
- tachycardia
- atherosclerosis
- chronic pulmonary heart disease
- hyperthyroidism
- prostate adenoma
- severe kidney failure
- contraindications are relative in emergency conditions, which are life threatening
- sympathomimetics are considered doping substances (prohibited in athletes)
- caution when combined with atropine under anesthesia
adrenaline ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- toxic potential
- weakness
- faint
- brutal hypertension
- stroke
- ventricular fibrillation
- sometimes local ischemia due to excessive vasoconstriction.
adrenaline DRUG INTERACTIONS
- Do not administer during anesthesia with Cyclopropane and Halothane (severe arrhythmias)
- caution when combined with atropine under anesthesia
- Quinine is an antagonist of epinephrine
- Incompatibilities in solution:
o atropine
o Carbenicillin
o Cephalothin
o Chloramphenicol hemisuccinate
o Sodium Meticillin
o sodium and potassium benzylpenicillin
o hydrochloric tetracycline
o Vitamin C - Co-administration of beta-blockers may cause severe hypertension and bradycardia
- Co-administration of alpha-blockers may decrease the intensity of the constricting effect of Epinephrine
adrenaline dosage
- subcutaneous injections 0.25-0.5 mg at a time (use 1% solution, officinal)
- IV is indicated less often - it is injected slowly, diluted 0.3-0.5 mg (with great caution).
- In anaphylactic shock, slow IV 0.1-0.5 mg (0.1-0.5 ml from the ampoule), diluted with 10 ml isotonic saline
- If not possible:
o 1/2-1 ampoule 0,5-1 mg is injected intramusculary
o Is administered perlingually 1mg-20drops of the solution for internal use or a vial possibly repeated after 1-15 minutes - If not possible, inject the same dose into the heart cavity
- In cardiac syncope slow IV 0,5-1mg(1/2-1 ampoule)
- In asthma, subcuntaneous injections 0,3 mg (0,3 ml vial), possibly repeated every 20 minutes (maximum 2-3 doses)
- In local applications, as a hemostatic, in 1/1000000-1/2000 solution
- Associated with local anesthetics, in 1/200.000-1/20.000 solution
NYSTATIN presentation form :
- Folding cardboard box with 2/150 blisters of 10 tablets coated 500 000 IU
- Nistatin powder :Flacs containing 6 g powder containing 2,400,000 IU nistatin, 1 ml of suspension contains 120,000 IU.
nystatine therapeutic action :
- interfere with the permeability of the cell membrane of sensitive fungi
- Acts mainly on - Candida
- Aspergillus
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Histoplasma capsulatum
nystatine Therapeutic indications :
Superficial candidiasis: - mucous membranes (oral, gastrointestinal, vaginal)
- skin - The suspension is administere - Oral : important oro-pharyngeal lesions
- a local on the skin and mucous membranes
nystatine contraindication
specific allergy
nystatine Adverse reactions :
- Greatand and vomit
- Diarrhea
- irritation at local or intravaginal application
nystatine posology
- In adults, doses of 4,000,000- 6,000,000 IU/day, divided into 3-4 intakes
- Children> 6 years : 1,000,000-4,000,000 IU./day divided into 3-4 sockets
- Adm between meals is recommended, avoiding association with food
- The suspension is prepared by placing in the powder bottle with 2 vials of distilled water (20ml)
- shake the vial vigorously for 2-3 minutes
- a suspension of 120,000 IU is obtained
- Ready-made suspension is used for 4-6 days
- shake the vial vigorously before each use
- In vaginal infections, it is administered 2 times a day 100 000-200 000 IU, in local buffering.
