FLASH OSH Flashcards
What is the primary responsibility of employees under Section 24 of OSHA 1994?
- Take reasonable care of their own safety and others.
- Cooperate with employer on safety matters.
- Use PPE and safety devices provided.
- Report unsafe conditions, hazards, or accidents.
- Avoid improper behavior that can endanger others.
Employees must also cooperate with the employer on safety matters, use PPE, report unsafe conditions, and avoid improper behavior.
What are the responsibilities of employers according to Section 15 of OSHA 1994?
- Ensure a safe and healthy working environment.
- Provide training and supervision for employees.
- Maintain workplace machinery and equipment.
- Establish a Safety and Health Committee (SHC) when required.
- Conduct risk assessments and take preventive measures.
This includes providing training, maintaining equipment, establishing a Safety and Health Committee, and conducting risk assessments.
What are the functions of the Safety and Health Committee (SHC) under Section 30?
- Identify workplace hazards and suggest control measures
- Assist in reviewing safety and health policies
- Conduct workplace safety audits and inspections
- Organize safety awareness campaigns & training
- Investigate accidents and recommend preventive actions
What is the penalty for employees failing to comply with their responsibilities under OSHA 1994?
- If an employee fails to comply with their responsibilities (e.g., neglecting to wear PPE, not reporting unsafe conditions):
o Fine up to RM1,000
o Imprisonment for up to 3 months, or both.
o Note: The penalty is mainly for individuals, not organizations.
The penalty primarily targets individuals, not organizations.
What can employers face if they fail to ensure a safe working environment?
- Failure to ensure a safe working environment can result in:
o Fine up to RM50,000
o Imprisonment up to 2 years, or both.
What are the penalties for operating unsafe equipment or failing to take corrective measures?
Fine up to RM50,000 or imprisonment up to 2 years, or both
What constitutes a contravention of safety regulations under Section 25?
- An employer or employee contravening safety regulations (e.g., improper handling of chemicals, failure to implement safety systems):
o Fine up to RM50,000
o Imprisonment up to 2 years, or both.
Penalties include a fine up to RM50,000 or imprisonment up to 2 years, or both.
What is the penalty for failing to appoint a Safety & Health Officer when required?
- For employers not appointing a Safety and Health Officer when required (e.g., in workplaces with more than 50 employees):
o Fine up to RM10,000
o Imprisonment up to 6 months, or both.
List the four types of industrial hygiene hazards.
- Physical Hazards – Noise, vibration, radiation, temperature extremes.
o Prevention: Earplugs, vibration-damping gloves, shielding, proper ventilation. - Chemical Hazards – Fumes, gases, vapors, dust, toxic substances.
o Prevention: Ventilation, proper storage, PPE, fume extraction systems. - Biological Hazards – Viruses, bacteria, fungi, mold, sewage.
o Prevention: Sanitization, vaccinations, PPE (masks, gloves), hygiene training. - Ergonomic Hazards – Poor workstation design, repetitive strain, manual handling.
o Prevention: Ergonomic tools, adjustable chairs, proper lifting techniques.
What is one prevention method for physical hazards?
Earplugs, vibration-damping gloves, shielding, proper ventilation
What are common safety compliance issues?
- Employees ignoring safety rules & PPE
- Lack of safety training & awareness
- Poor management enforcement of safety policies
- Unsafe work conditions
What is a solution to improve safety culture in the workplace?
- Regular Safety Training – Toolbox talks, refresher courses.
- Enforce PPE Usage – Strict policies with penalties for violations.
- Conduct Safety Audits & Inspections – Regular workplace assessments.
- Reward Safe Behavior – Incentives for compliance.
- Enhance Communication – Use posters, reminders, daily briefings.
Fill in the blank: PPE for protection from airborne contaminants includes _______.
- Respiratory Protection (e.g., masks, respirators) – Used for airborne contaminants.
- Eye Protection (e.g., goggles, face shields) – Protection from chemicals, dust.
- Hand Protection (e.g., gloves) – Choose based on chemical resistance.
- Foot Protection (e.g., safety boots) – Steel-toe for impact protection.
- Body Protection (e.g., aprons, coveralls) – Chemical and fire-resistant clothing.
What should be included in PPE maintenance?
- Regular inspection for wear and tear.
- Proper cleaning & storage to maintain effectiveness.
- Training on correct PPE usage to prevent misuse.
What are the five key steps in accident investigation?
- Secure the Scene – Prevent further injury or hazards.
- Gather Evidence – Take photos, collect witness statements, review CCTV footage.
- Analyze the Cause – Identify direct and root causes using 5 Whys Analysis.
- Implement Corrective Actions – Fix safety gaps, retrain workers.
- Follow-Up & Report – Monitor if corrective actions are effective.
Investigation Techniques
- 5 Whys Analysis – Repeatedly ask “Why?” to find the root cause.
- Fishbone Diagram (Ishikawa Analysis) – Identifies contributing factors.
- Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) – Examines step-by-step tasks for risks.
What is the PDCA cycle in safety management?
- Plan – Identify risks, set objectives
- Do – Implement safety measures
- Check – Conduct audits
- Act – Improve based on findings
What are the elements of a Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) system?
- Hood – Captures hazardous contaminants at the source.
- Duct System – Carries toxic air away from work areas.
- Air Cleaner (Filters/Scrubbers) – Removes toxic particles.
- Fan/Blower – Provides airflow for suction.
- Exhaust Stack – Releases cleaned air safely outside.
- Hood – Captures hazardous contaminants at the source.
- Duct System – Carries toxic air away from work areas.
- Air Cleaner (Filters/Scrubbers) – Removes toxic particles.
- Fan/Blower – Provides airflow for suction.
- Exhaust Stack – Releases cleaned air safely outside.
What is one maintenance requirement for LEV systems?
- Regular airflow testing to ensure effectiveness.
- Filter replacement to prevent clogging.
- Training for workers on proper use of ventilation.
- Failure to Establish a Safety and Health Committee (Section 30)
- For employers who do not set up a Safety and Health Committee when required:
o Fine up to RM10,000
o Imprisonment up to 6 months, or both
Additional Penalties for Serious Violations
o Employers can face higher penalties based on the severity of the incident.
o Penalties for corporate negligence may involve both the organization and individuals within management being held liable.
Examples Related to Specific Jobs
- Landscaping workers (grass cutting): Noise (mowers), vibration, heat stress.
- Palm oil harvesters: Pesticide exposure, snake/insect bites, ergonomic strain.
- Common Safety Compliance Issues & Solutions
z‘’ Issues of Non-Compliance
- Employees ignoring safety rules & PPE.
- Lack of safety training & awareness.
- Poor management enforcement of safety policies.
- Unsafe work conditions (e.g., cluttered walkways, exposed wiring).
Solutions to Improve Safety Culture
- Regular Safety Training – Toolbox talks, refresher courses.
- Enforce PPE Usage – Strict policies with penalties for violations.
- Conduct Safety Audits & Inspections – Regular workplace assessments.
- Reward Safe Behavior – Incentives for compliance.
- Enhance Communication – Use posters, reminders, daily briefings.
Safety Management Plan for Construction Companies
- Develop Safety Policy – Align with ISO 45001 & OSHA 1994.
- Conduct Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA).
- Provide Training & PPE for all workers.
- Implement Emergency Response Plan (ERP).
- Regular Audits & Continuous Improvement (PDCA Cycle).
