Flash cards

Question 1

Bioprospecting

Answer 1

the process of discovery and commercialization of new products based on biological resources.

Question 2

Nanobes

Answer 2

tiny filamental structure first found in some rocks and sediments. Smallest for of life

Question 3

Proto-cells

Answer 3

Presumed stage of chemical evolution that preceded living cells

Question 4

Big Bang

Answer 4

Model for the origin of universe by nearly instantaneous destruction of all matter and energy through all the space

Question 5

Self-replicating systems

Answer 5

any behavior of a dynamical system that yields construction of an identical copy of itself.

Question 6

RNA world

Answer 6

Model for a time prior to the evolution of DNA; A self replicating system chemically involved in which RNA strands were templates for protein synthesis

Question 7

Stromatolites

Answer 7

Fossilized remains dome shaped mats of swallow water communities cyanobacteria species especially that were unfiltrated with dissolved minerals and find sediments some are 3 billion years old

Question 8

Chemaoutotrophs

Answer 8

Any prokaryotic cell that makes it’s own food by oxidizing inorganic substances

Question 9

Cyanobacteria

Answer 9

A type of single celled photoautotroph; The first to use and noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis which slowly and Rich the early atmosphere was oxygen

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 10

A single celled organism, often walled, that does not have the organelles characteristic of eukaryotic cells. Only bacteria and Archaeans are prokaryotic

Question 11

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

Type of cell that starts life with the nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 12

Rodinia

Answer 12

the name of a hypothesized supercontinent, a continent which contained most or all of Earth’s landmass.

Question 13

Heterotrophs

Answer 13

Organism that cannot make its own food: feeds on other organisms, there wastes, or there remains

Question 14

Autotroph’s

Answer 14

An organism that synthesizes it’s on food from simple inorganic compounds in its environment with the energy captured from the sun or from oxidizing inorganic substances

Question 15

Endosymbiosis

Answer 15

And intimate, Per minute ecological interaction in which one species lives and reproduces in the other’s body to benefit of one or both

Question 16

Glaucophytes

Answer 16

a small group of rare freshwater microscopic algae

Question 17

Species

Answer 17

Of sexually reproducing species, one or more natural populations of individuals that successfully interbreed and are isolated reproductively from other such groups

Question 18

Biogeography

Answer 18

Scientific study of patterns in the geographic distribution of species in communities

Question 19

Comparative morphology

Answer 19

Scientific study of comparable external body parts of embryonic stages an adult forms of minor lineages

Question 20

Fossils

Answer 20

Recognizable, physical evidence of an organism that lived in the distant past

Question 21

Evolution

Answer 21

Genetic change in a line of descent by microevolutionary events

Question 22

Catastrophism

Answer 22

Idea that abrupt changes in the geologic and fossil records are evidence of divinely invoked catastrophes

Question 23

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 23

Transmission, from parents to offspring, of jeans that underlie the traits characteristics of their species

Question 24

Theory of uniformity

Answer 24

Siri that earths surface has changed and slow, uniformly repetitive ways except for expected annual catastrophes, such as big flights

Question 25

Natural selection

Answer 25

Micro evolutionary process; the outcome of differences and survival and reproduction among individuals of a population that differ in the details of their heritable traits

Question 26

Fossilization

Answer 26

How fossils form over time. An organism or evidence of its gets buried in sediments or volcanic ash; water so early infiltrates the remains, and metal ions and other inorganic compounds dissolved in its place the minerals in bones and other hard ttissues

Question 27

Fossil record

Answer 27

life's evolutionary epic that unfolded over four billion years as environmental conditions and genetic potential interacted in accordance with natural selection

Question 28

Stratification

Answer 28

Stacks of sedimentary rock layers, built up by the deposition of silt and other materials over time.

Question 29

Linage

Answer 29

Line of descent

Question 30

Radiometric dating

Answer 30

Method of measuring for portions of a radioisotope in a mineral trapped long ago in newly formed rock and a daughter isotope that form from it by radioactive decay in the same rock

Question 31

Half-life

Answer 31

The unvarying time it takes for half a quantity of any radio isotope to decay into a more stable form

Question 32

Geologic timescale

Answer 32

Time scale for earths history; major subdivisions correspond to mass extinctions

Question 33

Macro evolution

Answer 33

Large scale patterns, rates of change, and trends among the lineages

Question 34

Proterozoic

Answer 34

Era between 2.5 million to 544 million years ago. And oxygen-rich early atmosphere formed, sparkling the Cambrian explosion of biodiversity

Question 35

Paleozoic

Answer 35

Era from 544,000,000 to 248,000,000 years ago; Cambrian through Permian

Question 36

Mesozoic

Answer 36

Era of spectacular expansion in the range of global diverse city; lasted from 240,000,000 to 65,000,000 years ago

Question 37

Cenozoic

Answer 37

The modern geologic era, from 65 men years ago into the present

Question 38

Archean eon

Answer 38

Eon extending from the time that life originated, 3.8 billion years ago, to 2.5 billion years ago

Question 39

Pangaea

Answer 39

Paleozoic supercontinent; the first land plants and animals evolved on it

Question 40

Plate tectonics theory

Answer 40

Siri that great slabs or plates of earths outer layer float on hot, semi-molten mantle. All plates are moving slowly and have rafted continents to new positions over time

Question 41

Gondwana

Answer 41

Paleozoic supercontinent that later became part of Pangaea

Question 42

Homologous structures

Answer 42

One of a pair of chromosomes in a body cells of diploid organisms; except for the pairing of nonidentical sex chromosomes, a pair has not the same size, shape, and gene sequence

Question 43

Morphological divergence

Answer 43

Pattern of macro evolution. One or more body parts of genetically diverging lineages undergo structural and functional changes from the parts in the common ancestor

Question 44

Morphological convergence

Answer 44

A pattern of macro evolution. In response to similar experimental pressures, body parts evolutionarily distant lineages slowly Evolve in similar ways and end up being a like function, appearance, or both

Question 45

Analgous structures

Answer 45

Dissimilar body parts that have become similar in structure, function, or both in lineages that are not closely related but were subjected to similar pressures

Question 46

Alu elements

Answer 46

one of the most successful of all mobile elements, having a copy number well in excess of 1 million copies in the human genome

Question 47

Nucleic acid hybridization

Answer 47

Any base pairing between DNA or RNA strands from different sources

Question 48

Molecular clock

Answer 48

Model used to calculate the time of origin of one lineage related to others; assumes that a group of genes accumulates mutations at a constant rate, measurable as a series of predictable text back through time

Question 49

Thermophile

Answer 49

An organism that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C