Flash Cards

1
Q

CAUSES OF CONDUCTION DEAFNESS

A

Caused by a bone defect in the ear, fluid built up in ear, ear wax, and nerve damage (rare)

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2
Q

CAUSES OF SYMPTOMS OF ADDISON’S DISEASE

A

Adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones (skin of these patients is bronze, metallic)

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3
Q

CHARACTERISTICS ABOUT LIGHT AND VISION

A

What part of the eye is used for peripheral vision a.Rods What is more sensitive to night vision a.Rods What are cones needed for a.Color sensitivity What part of the eye controls the amount of light that enters a.Iris

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4
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTIC CARTILAGE

A

Allow for stretch and recoil

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5
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBROCARTILAGE

A

Thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed through it matrix. Slightly compressible and very tough. Found in areas of the body where great deal of pressure is applied to joints (ex. knee, jaw, between vertebrae)

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6
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYALINE CARTILAGE

A

Contains large amounts of both collagen fibers and proteoglycans. Found where strong support ad some flexibility are needed (ex. rib cage, within trachea and bronchi)

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7
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEURONS

A

Amitotic (do not divide), born with a set amount, long life span, require a lot of energy, conduct impulses

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8
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

Lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and cholesterol; functions as the outer boundary of cells, controls entry and exit of substances

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9
Q

CHEMICALS IN THE HUMAN BODY

A

Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium.

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10
Q

COMPARISION OF CARDIAC, SMOOTH AND SKELETAL MUSCLES

A

Cardiac Muscle: found only in the heart, controlled involuntarily Smooth Muscle: most widely distributed type of muscle in body; found in walls of hollow organs and tubes, interior of the eye, and walls of blood vessels Skeletal Muscle: made up of connective tissue; responsible for locomotion, facial expressions, posture, respiratory function, and many other body movements

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11
Q

DEFINE AFFERENT NERVES

A

Carries to the CNS

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12
Q

DEFINE EFFERENT NERVES

A

Carries away from the CNS

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13
Q

DEFINE ENDOMYSIUM

A

Thick layer of connective tissue consisting mostly of reticular fibers

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14
Q

DEFINE GANGLIA

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS

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15
Q

DEFINE HAVERSIAN CANALS

A

Canal containing blood vessels, nerves, and loose connective tissue and running parallel to the long axis of the bone

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16
Q

DEFINE LACUNAE

A

Small space or cavity; potential space within the matrix of bone or cartilage normally occupied by a cell that can be visualized only when the cell shrinks away from the matrix during fixation; space containing maternal blood within the placenta

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17
Q

DEFINE MIXED NERVES

A

Carry somatic and autonomic (visceral) impulses. The four types of mixed nerves are: *Somatic afferent and somatic efferent *Visceral afferent and visceral efferent

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18
Q

DEFINE MONOSACCHARIDE

A

Simple sugar carbohydrate that cannot form any simpler sugar by hydrolysis

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19
Q

DEFINE MOTOR NERVES

A

Carries away from the CNS but only stimulates skeletal muscle

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20
Q

DEFINE MYOFIBRIL

A

Made up of myofilaments, contractile unit of the muscle

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21
Q

DEFINE MYOFILIAMENT

A

Thick and thin part of the muscle fiber

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22
Q

DEFINE NERVE TRACTS

A

Bundles of parallel axons with their associated sheaths in the ventral nervous system

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23
Q

DEFINE NERVES

A

Bundle of axons and their sheaths

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24
Q

DEFINE NUCLEI

A

Cell organelle containing most of the genetic material of the cell; collection of nerve cell bodies within the central nervous system; center of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons

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25
Q

DEFINE NUCLEIC ACID

A

Polymer of nucleotides, consisting of DNA an RNA, forms a family of substances that comprise the genetic material of cells and control protein synthesis

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26
Q

DEFINE PERIMYSIUM

A

Fibrous sheath enveloping a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers

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27
Q

DEFINE PEROXISOMES

A

Membrane-bounded body similar to a lysosome in appearance but often smaller and irregular in shape; contains enzymes that either decompose or synthesize hydrogen peroxide

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28
Q

DEFINE POLYSACCHARIDE

A

Carbohydrate containing a large number of monosaccharide molecules

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29
Q

DEFINE PROTEINS

A

Macromolecule consisting of long sequences of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

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30
Q

DEFINE SARCOLEMMA

A

The membrane of the muscle fiber

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31
Q

DEFINE SARCOMERE

A

Part of a myofibril between adjacent Z disks

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32
Q

DEFINE SARCOPLAMIC RETICULUM

A

Stores and pumps calcium ions

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33
Q

DEFINE SPIMYSIUM

A

?????

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34
Q

DEFINE TRABECULAE

A

One of the supporting bundles of fibers traversing the substance of a structure, usually derived from the capsule or one of the fibrous septa, such as trabeculae lymph nodes, testes; a beam or plate of cancellous bone

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35
Q

DEFINE VOLCMANN’S CANALS

A

Canal in bone containing blood vessels; not surrounded by lamellae; runs perpendicular to the long axis of the bond and the haversian canals, interconnecting the latter with each other and the exterior circulation

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36
Q

DESCRIBE DESMOSOMES

A

Point of adhesion between cells. Each contains a dense plate at the point of adhesion and a cementing extra-cellular material between the cells

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37
Q

DESCRIBE GAP JUNCTIONS

A

Small channel between cells that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells; provides means of intercellular communication

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38
Q

DESCRIBE THE MAKE UP OF COMPACT BONE

A

Solis, with almost no space between many thin layers (lamelllae) of bone

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39
Q

DESCRIBE TIGHT JUNCTIONS

A

Hold cells together and form a permeability barrier. Formed by plasma membranes of adjacent cells that join one another in a jigsaw fashion to make a tight seal.

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40
Q

DISCUSS GOUTY ARTHRITIS

A

Group of metabolic disorders that lead to increased production and accumulation of uric acid crystals in tissues, including joint capsules; can lead to arthritis

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41
Q

DISCUSS HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE

A

Body cells do not function normally and can even die. Disease disrupts homeostasis and sometimes results in death.

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42
Q

DISCUSS MOTION SICKNESS

A

A misinterpretation of the visual and the motion (vision is not matching the vestibule)

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43
Q

DISCUSS OSMOSIS

A

Diffusion of solvent (water) through a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution

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44
Q

DISCUSS PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

Cells’s ingestion of solid substances, such as other cells, bacteria, bits of necrosed tissue, and foreign particles

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45
Q

DISCUSS SPASTIC PARALYSIS

A

Muscles contract and cannot relax which is followed by muscle fatigue

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46
Q

DISCUSS SURVIVAL NEEDS

A

?????

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47
Q

ELEMENTS FOR PROPER NERVE IMPULSES

A

?????

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48
Q

EXAMPLES OF COLLOID SOLUTION

A

-Plasma portion of blood -Liquid interior of cells (a mixture in which a dispersed (solute-like) substance is distributed throughout a dispersing (solvent-like) substance)

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49
Q

EXAMPLES OF DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS

A

A-P-P-P –> A-P-P + Pi (ATP) (ADP) (Inorganic phosphate) -A larger reactant is chemically broken down into two or more smaller products

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50
Q

EXAMPLES OF EXHANGE REACTIONS

A

-Exchange reactions are those in which cations and anions that were partners in the reactants are interchanged in the products

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51
Q

EXAMPLES OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK

A
  • Inadequate delivery of blood to cardiac muscle. Contrattion of cardiac muscle generates blood pressure and moves blood vessels on the outside of the heart supplies cardiac muscle with sufficient blood to allow normal contractions to occur. In effect, the heart pumps blood itself.
  • Def: When a value deviates from normal, the system responds to make lthe deviation even greater.
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52
Q

EXAMPLES OF REVERSIBLE REACTIONS

A

CO2 + H2O ⇔ H2CO3 ⇔ H+ + HCO3-

The reaction can proceed from reactants to products or from products to reactants.

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53
Q

EXAMPLES OF SUSPENSION

A

Blood is a supsension - red blood ccells are suspended in a liquid called plasma

-Def: A mixture containing materials that separate from each other unless they are continually, physically blended together

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54
Q

EXAMPLES OF SYNTHESIS REACTION

A
  • The combination of two amino acids to form a dipeptide. As the amino acids are bound together, water results.
  • Def: When two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product
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55
Q

FIND SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIA

A

SIngle layer of tall, narrow cells. Located in glands and some ducts, bronchioles of the lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain.

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56
Q

FIND SIMPLE CUBODIAL EPITHELIA

A

Single layer of cube-shaped cells. Location in kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles fo the lungs, surfaces of the ovaries.

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57
Q

FIND SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA

A

Single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells. Located in the lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic (endothelium) and small ducts, alveoli of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membbranes (mesothelium) of the body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal), and inner surface of the tympanic membranes.

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58
Q

FIND SIMPLE TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIA

A

Stratified cells that appear cub-shaped when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretchd by fluid. Located in the lining of the urinary bladder, ureters, superior urethra.

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59
Q

FOUR ELEMENTS IN HUMAN BODY

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen

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60
Q

FUNCTION OF AQUEOUS HUMOR

A

Helps maintain intraocular pressure in the eye

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61
Q

FUNCTION OF CERUMINOUS GLANDS

A

Produce cerumen (a modified sebum commonly called earwax)

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62
Q

FUNCTION OF COCHLEA

A

Functions in hearing

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63
Q

FUNCTION OF COMPACT BONE

A

Provides great strength and support; forms a solid outer shell on bones tat keeps them from being easily broken or punctured

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64
Q

FUNCTION OF CORNEA

A

Permits light to enter the eye and bends, or refracts, that light as part of the eye’s focusing system

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65
Q

FUNCTION OF IRIS

A

Controls the amount of light that enters

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66
Q

FUNCTION OF LENS

A

Allows ability to see and focus by refracting light and change shape and vocal points

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67
Q

FUNCTION OF LIMBIC SYSTEM

A

Emotions, long term memory, behavior

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68
Q

FUNCTION OF MICROTUBULES

A

Help provide support and structure to the cytoplasm of the cell, involved in cell division and in the transport of intracellular materials, they also form essential components of certain cell organelles (centrioles, spindle fibers, cilia, flagella)

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69
Q

FUNCTION OF OLIGODENDROCYTES

A

Insulation (form myelin sheath)

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70
Q

FUNCTION OF RETICULAR FIBERS

A

Fiber in connective tissue that forms a supporting mesh.

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71
Q

FUNCTION OF RETICULAR FORMATION

A

Sleep and consciousness

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72
Q

FUNCTION OF THALAMUS

A

Sensory relay center of the brain (also influences mood and action s associated with strong emotions)

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73
Q

FUNCTION OF THE RODS IN THE EYES

A

Night vision and peripheral vision

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74
Q

FUNCTION OF TRABECULAR BONE

A

?????

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75
Q

FUNCTION OF TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

Transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and then to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea

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76
Q

FUNCTION OF VESTIBULE

A

Respond to changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity

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77
Q

FUNCTION SPONGY BONE

A

Provides structural support but is lighter than cortical

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78
Q

FUNCTIONS OF ANS

A
  • Regulates the functions of our internal organs (the viscera) such as the heart, stomach and intestines
  • Controls things you don’t think about
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79
Q

FUNCTIONS OF APOCRINE GLANDS

A

Produce sweat

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80
Q

FUNCTIONS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

A

Provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads to the underlying subchondral bone

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81
Q

FUNCTIONS OF ASTROCYTES

A

Includes physical and metabolic support for neurons, detoxification, guidance during migration, regulation of energy metabolism, electrical insulation (for unmyelinated axons), transport of blood-borne material to the neuron, and reaction to injury

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82
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BURSAE

A

Facilitate movement and reduce friction between moving parts

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83
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CHONDROCYTES

A

Produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans

84
Q

FUNCTIONS OF COLLAGEN FIBERS

A

Form a structural frame-work in many parts of the body

85
Q

FUNCTIONS OF ECCRINE GLANDS

A

Produce sweat

86
Q

FUNCTIONS OF ELASTIC FIBERS

A

Gives tissue elastikc quality. Helps it to return to its original shape.

87
Q

FUNCTIONS OF EPENDYMAL CELLS

A

Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

88
Q

FUNCTIONS OF IRREGULAR BONES

A

Protection of nervous tissue (such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord), affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone)

89
Q

FUNCTIONS OF LIGAMENTS

A

A fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable

90
Q

FUNCTIONS OF LIMBIC ASSOCIATION AREA

A

?

91
Q

FUNCTIONS OF LIMBIC SYSTEM

A

Emotions, long term memory, behavior

92
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MAMMARY GLANDS

A

Produce breast milk

93
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MENISCI

A

They transfer the load from the upper leg to the lower leg and stabilize the knee during flexion, extension and during circular movements. The menisci move during the backward flexion and the forward extension of the knee in order to balance the change of the articular surfaces.

94
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MITOCHONDRIA

A

Power house of the cell. Major sites of ATP synthesis when oxygen is available.

95
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MICROGLIA

A

Phagocytize necrotic tissue, microorganisms, and other foreign substances that invade the CNS

96
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE FIBERS

A

????

97
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MYOFIBRILS

A

Contractile unit of the muscle

98
Q

FUNCTIONS OF OLIGODENDROCYTES

A

Insulate (form myelin sheath)

99
Q

FUNCTIONS OF OSTEOBLASTS

A

Bone forming cells

100
Q

FUNCTIONS OF OSTEOCLASTS

A

Respnosible for reabsorption, or breakdown of bone

101
Q

FUNCTIONS OF OSTEOCYTES

A

Surrounded osteoblaast i bone matrix

102
Q

FUNCTIONS OF POSTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

A

???????

103
Q

FUNCTIONS OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX

A

In charge of abstract thinking and thought analysis, it is also responsible for regulating behavior. This includes mediating conflicting thoughts, making choices between right and wrong, and predicting the probable outcomes of actions or events. This brain area also governs social control, such as suppressing emotional or sexual urges. Since the prefrontal cortex is the brain center responsible for taking in data through the body’s senses and deciding on actions, it is most strongly implicated in human qualities like consciousness, general intelligence, and personality.

104
Q

FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

A

?

105
Q

FUNCTIONS OF SCHWANN CELLS

A

insulation and protection

106
Q

FUNCTIONS OF SEMICIRULAR CANALS

A

balance

107
Q

FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

A
  • Mechanical. Support. Bones provide a framework for the attachment of muscles and other tissues
  • Protective. Bones such as the skull and rib cage protect vital organs from injury. Bones also protect the marrow.
  • Metabolic. Mineral storage.
108
Q

FUNCTIONS OF SOMATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION CORTEX

A

?

109
Q

FUNCTIONS OF T TUBULES

A

Conduct impulses from the surface of the cell (SARCOLEMMA) down into the cell and, specifically, to another structure in the cell called the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

110
Q

FUNCTIONS OF TENDONS

A

highly organized connective tissue joining muscle to bone

111
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE LENS

A

Allows ability to see and focus by refracting light and change shape and vocal points

112
Q

HOW ARE CHO STORED

A

?

113
Q

HOW DO THE CRANIAL BONES FORM

A

?

114
Q

HOW DO YOU SMELL DIFFERENT ODORS

A

olfactory receptor

115
Q

LOCATION OF OPTIC DISC

A

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye ball

116
Q

LOCATION OF TASTE BUDES

A

2 out of 3 papillae’s and also Buckle membranes

117
Q

LOCATION OF WHITE MATTER

A

Outside of the spinal cord, outer brain

118
Q

MAJOR ION INSIDE CELL

A

Potassium

119
Q

MAJOR ION OUTSIDE OF CELL

A

Sodium

120
Q

MAKE UP OF CONNECTIVIE TISSUE

A

The connective tissues generally consist of an indigenous population of cells surrounded by fibers and an amorphous ground substance.

121
Q

NAME PARTS OF SYNOVIAL JOINT

A
  • synarthroses (immovable joints)
  • amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
  • diarthroses (movable joints, or “freely movable joints”)
122
Q

ORDER OF LIGHT THROUGH THE EYE

A

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, retina, nerve

123
Q

ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY

A

Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ system, Organisms

124
Q

ORGANS IN CRANIAL CAVITY

A

brain

125
Q

ORGANS IN DORSAL CAVITY

A

Includes the cranial and vertebral cavities. Contains brain and spinal cord

126
Q

ORGANS IN THORACIC CAVITY

A

Lungs, heart, esphagus, trachea, thymus.

127
Q

ORGANS IN VERTEBRAL CAVITY

A

Spinal Cord

128
Q

PASSAGEWAY OF LIGHT THROUGH THE EYE

A

?

129
Q

RESPONSIBILITIES OF GUSTATORY CORTEX

A

Perception of taste and flavor

130
Q

RESPONSIBLE OF STRATUM BASALE

A

?

131
Q

RESPONSIBLE OF STRATUM CORNEUM

A

?

132
Q

RESPONSIBLE OF STRATUM GRANULOSUM

A

?

133
Q

RESPONSIBLE OF STRATUM LUCIDUM

A

?

134
Q

RESPONSIBLITIES OF OLFACTORY CORTEX

A

?

135
Q

RESPONSIBLITIES OF VESTIBULAR CORTEX

A

?

136
Q

RESPONSIBLITIES OF VISCERAL SENSORY AREA

A

?

137
Q

ROLE OF ABDUCEN NERVE

A

?

138
Q

ROLE OF ACCESSORY NERVE

A

?

139
Q

ROLE OF ACETYLCHOLINE

A

?

140
Q

ROLE OF AXON

A

?

141
Q

ROLE OF CALCIUM ON MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS

A

?

142
Q

ROLE OF CEREBELLUM

A

?

143
Q

ROLE OF CHOLINESTERASE

A

?

144
Q

ROLE OF DENDRITE

A

?

145
Q

ROLE OF DIAPHYSIS

A

?

146
Q

ROLE OF EPIPHYSEAL LINE

A

?

147
Q

ROLE OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

A

?

148
Q

ROLE OF GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID

A

?

149
Q

ROLE OF GROWTH HORMONE

A

?

150
Q

ROLE OF HAVERSIAN SYSTEM

A

?

151
Q

ROLE OF HYPOTHALAMUS

A

?

152
Q

ROLE OF INTEROCEPTORS

A

?

153
Q

ROLE OF LACUNAE

A

?

154
Q

ROLE OF MEDULLA

A

?

155
Q

ROLE OF NEUROLEMMA

A

?

156
Q

ROLE OF NOCICEPTORS

A

?

157
Q

ROLE OF NOREPINEPHRINE

A

?

158
Q

ROLE OF PHOTORECEPTORS

A

?

159
Q

ROLE OF PROLACTIN

A

?

160
Q

ROLE OF PROPRICEPTORS

A

?

161
Q

ROLE OF SOMATOMEDINS

A

?

162
Q

ROLE OF THALAMUS

A

?

163
Q

ROLE OF THRYOID HORMONE

A

?

164
Q

ROLE OF TRIGEMINAL NERVEL

A

?

165
Q

ROLE OF TROPOMYOSIN

A

?

166
Q

ROLE OF VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE

A

?

167
Q

STEPS OF TISSUE REPAIR

A

?

168
Q

STRENGTH OF HYDROGEN BONDS

A

?

169
Q

THREE LAYERS OF NEURONS IN THE RETINA

A

?

170
Q

WHAT ARE ENDORPHINS

A

?

171
Q

WHAT ARE ENKEPHALINS

A

?

172
Q

WHAT ARE SALTS

A

?

173
Q

WHAT DOES ECCRINE GLANDS SECRETE?

A

?

174
Q

WHAT IS A FIXATOR MUSCLE

A

?

175
Q

WHAT IS A SYNERGIST MUSCLE

A

?

176
Q

WHAT IS ACTION POTENTIAL

A

?

177
Q

WHAT IS AN AGONIST MUSCLE

A

?

178
Q

WHAT IS AN ANTAGONIST MUSCLE

A

?

179
Q

WHAT IS CONJUNCTIVITIS

A

?

180
Q

WHAT IS EXCITATORY POTENTIAL

A

?

181
Q

WHAT IS GENERATOR POTENTIAL

A

?

182
Q

WHAT IS GRADED POTENTIAL

A

?

183
Q

WHAT IS Meniere’s syndrome

A

Caused and seen with head trauma, alcohol abuse, family history, and smoking. Signs and symptoms include decreased hearing, pressure in ears, ringing in ears, and vertigo (nausea and vomiting)

184
Q

WHAT IS MITOSIS

A

?

185
Q

WHAT IS MORPHINE

A

?

186
Q

WHAT IS MYOGLOBIN

A

?

187
Q

WHAT IS PERILYMPH

A

?

188
Q

WHAT IS POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

A

?

189
Q

WHAT IS STRABISMUS

A

?

190
Q

WHAT IS SUCROSE

A

?

191
Q

WHAT IS THE CONJUNCTIVA

A

Thin membrane that covers the sclera, reflected over the anterior chamber, function is to lubricate and protect

192
Q

WHAT IS THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE

A

?

193
Q

WHAT IS THE MAKE UP OF SWEAT

A

?

194
Q

WHAT IS THE RESTING AND DIGESTING SYSTEM OF ANS

A

?

195
Q

WHAT IS THE RULE OF 9 FOR BURNS

A

?

196
Q

WHAT STOPS ACH

A

?

197
Q

WHAT TRIGGERS SOUR TASTE

A

?

198
Q

WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU OVERSTRETCHED MUSCLES

A

?

199
Q

WHERE ARE THE GUSTATORY CELLS LOCATED

A

?

200
Q

WHERE DO WE FIND MYOSIN

A

?

201
Q

WHERE DO YOU FIND VITREOUS HUMOR

A

?

202
Q

WHERE DOES LACTIC ACID DEVELOP FROM

A

waste product of muscles

203
Q

WHERE IS THE BLIND SPOT OF THE EYE

A

Where the Optic nerve enters and leaves (you can’t see anything)(no photo receptors)

204
Q

WHICH CELLS IN HUMAN BODY HAVE FLAGELLEUM

A

?

205
Q

WHICH PARTS OF THE EYES ARE VASCULAR

A

?