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Neurophysiology > Flash Cards > Flashcards

Flash Cards

0
Q

I =

A

Q/t

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1
Q

Paper on patch clamp configurations.

A

Sakmann and Neher (1984)

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2
Q

V =

A

IR

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3
Q

G =

A

1/R

G adds up in parallel circuit

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4
Q

Q =

A

CV
AND
It

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5
Q

Capacitance =

A

εA / d
AND
Q/V

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6
Q

Time constant, τ =

A

RC
τ is in s
It is the time required to charge a capacitor through the resistor by ~63.2% (1- e^-1) of the difference between initial and final value.

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7
Q

Total current, Itotal

A

NiP

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8
Q

Properties of AP

A

1) Threshold
2) All or none law
3) Frequency Coding

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9
Q

Nernst Equation

A

(RT/Fz)ln([X]out/[X]in)

R = 8.314 J/Mol K
F = 96500 c/mol
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10
Q

Paper on intracellular recordings`

A

Hodgkin and Huxely, 1939

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11
Q

Paper on Shaker K+ channel inactivation

A

Hoshi et al., 1990`

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12
Q

Membrane length constant

A

λ = √rm/ra
AND
λ = √(dxRm)/(4.Ra)

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13
Q

Paper on discovery on Na and K voltage gated currents

A

Hodgkin and Huxley 1952

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14
Q

Conduction on specific ion

A

gna = Ina / (Vm - Ena)

for sodium

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15
Q

Paper on conductance of membrane to ions increase during AP

A

Cole and Curtis, 1938

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16
Q

Specific membrane resistance, Ra

A

L/(πr^2)

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17
Q

Membrane Capacitance, Cm

A

(ε x εo x 2πrL) / d

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18
Q

Paper on spatial buffering via glial cells

A

Newman, 1984

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19
Q

Calcium concentrations

A 
Ex = 1-2mM
In = 50-100nM -  when active = 500-1000nM

(Berridge et al., 2000)

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20
Q

Paper on GABA transporters

A

Guastella et al., 1990)

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21
Q

Number of quanta released, m

A

m = np
AND
m = ln(total trials/failures)

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22
Q

Probability of release, Px

binomial release

A

n! / (n-x)! x!

23
Q

Poisson Distribution, Px

A

Px = (m^x . e^-m) / x!

24
Q

Probability of release of specific vesicle, p(x)

A

p(x) = [ N! / (N-x)! x! ] . P^x (1-P)^N-x

25
Q

Mean amplitude, I (with binomial distribution)

A

I = NPQ

26
Q

Variance of current, σi

A

σ^2 = QI - (I^2/N)

27
Q

Paper on additive effect of GABAB and 5HT activation

A

Andrade et al., 1986

28
Q

Lüscher et al., 1997

A

Paper on mice lacking GIRK2 K+ channels showing no response to GABAB agonists - betagamma complex opens K+ channels causing hyperpolarisation

29
Q

Takahashi at al., 1998

A

GABA B presynapticallt reduces EPSC in medial nucleus of trapezium body (MNTB) - inhibits VGCC via betagamma complex

30
Q

Paper on long term potentiation mechanism

A

Giese et al., 1998

31
Q

Paper on caged calcium

A

Ellis-Davies, 2007

32
Q

Paper on caged glutamate

A

Sheperd and Huganir, 2007

33
Q

Charge of one electron

A

1.6x10^-19 coloumbs

34
Q

One coloumb

A

6.25x10^18 electrons

35
Q

K+ ion channel paper

A

Levitan and Kaczmarek, 1997

36
Q

Na/K ATP-ase

A

2 alpha/2 beta subunits (only alpha involved in pumping)

37
Q

Na/Ca exchanger

A

3 Na+ enter for each Ca2+ leaving

38
Q

IP3 receptors

A

Optimal response at 300mM Ca conc - biphasic regulation

On ER membrane, 4 subunits, inhibited by heparin

39
Q

Ca2+ off mechanism

A

Ca2+ buffers
Re-uptake into ER via SERCA and mito via uniporter or NCX
Extrusion by PMCA or NCX on plasma membrane

40
Q

SERCA

A

Transports 2 Ca2+ per ATP, high density on ER membrane, active at high [Ca2+]cyt and inhibited at high [Ca2+]er

41
Q

PMCA

A

1 Ca2+ out per ATP and 2 H+ in
10 transmembrane regions
Autoinhibitory deomain with CaM binding site - activated by Ca-Cam
Regulated by PKA/C phosphorylation

42
Q

Synaptic fusion

A

Ca sensor synaptotagmin1 detects Ca and initiates Munc13-dependent priming of fusion machinery
v-SNAREs, synaptobrevin bind to t-SNAREs, SNAP-25 and syntaxin.
SNAREs form tight helices - one from v-SNAREs and 3 from t-SNAREs.
Vesicles released within 100us of AP arrival

43
Q

Limitations of ChR2

A

Desensitisation - reduced membrane depolarisation at later pulse, depolarisation block - does not allow repetitive stimuli
No sufficient repolarisation between pulses
Reduced expression level or conductance
Slow channel inactivation (slow kinetics)

44
Q

Paper on protein phosphatases and LTD

A

Bear et al., 1995

45
Q

Paper on endocannabinoid retrograde signalling and LTD

A

Smart et al., 2008

46
Q

Paper on gene deletion of alpha subunit of CamKII

A

Silva et al., 1992

47
Q

Paper on NMDA antagonist AP5

A

Collingridge et al., 1983

48
Q

Paper on D-serine released by astrocytes reducing LTD in hippocampus

A

Achour et al., 2010

49
Q

Paper on NMDA knockout using Cre/LoxP recombination system

A

Tsien et al., 1996

50
Q

Chen et al. 2003

A

Paper on PPF/D hippocampal cells single synapses.
Quanta visualised using FM 1-43 dye.
PPF no change in quantal size - increased prob of release
PPD decrease in quantal size and decreased prob of release

51
Q

LOmo and Bliss 1973

A

First described LTP in perforant pathway and dentate gyrus in anaesthetised rabbits.
They showed that a burst of tetanic (100Hz) stimulus on perforant path fibres led to dramatic and long-lasting augmentation in post-synaptic response of cells.

52
Q

Orkand et al., 1966

A

Intracellular recordings from glial cell in optic nerve of mudpuppy (necturus). Showed that nerve activity can depolarise glial cells.

53
Q

Porter and McCarthy, 1998

A

Transgenic mice lacking astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 develop epilsepsy and increased susceptibility towards convulsants

54
Q

Paper on glial cells exporting glutamate upon depolarisation by influx of K+ (from ischaemia), Na+, or glutamate or increased extracellular pH (H+)

A

Billups and Attwell, 1996

Electrogenic glutamate transport was studied in whole-cell clamped glial (Muller) cells isolated from salmander retina

55
Q

Berridge et al., 1993

A

Ca binds to IP3 receptors to release Ca from ER (CICR)

Neurophysiology (1 decks)

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