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CompTIA A+ 220-1001 > FLASH CARDS > Flashcards

FLASH CARDS

1
Q

What socket does the AMD Ryzen 3, 5, 7 CPUs use?

A

Socket AMA 4

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2
Q

UEFI BIOS (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)

A

A firmware interface for computers and works as a “middleman” to connect a computer’s firmware to its operating system. It is used to initialize the hardware components and start the operating system stored on the hard disk when the computer starts up.

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3
Q

Mini-DIN

A

Is another name for a PS/2 connector.

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4
Q

What is the largest motherboard form factor?

A

ATX. In order of largest to smallest, the form factors are ATX, Micro-ATX, ITX, Mini-ITX.

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5
Q

What is the speed of DDR (Double Data Rate RAM)?

A

DDR speed is x2 the clock speed

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6
Q

Continuous Reboots as related to mass storage

A

Rarely manifests as something related to mass storage. It could be some type of corruption in the operating system where it can’t boot properly.

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7
Q

Flashing the ROM updates the firmware on the flash chip

A

Flashing the ROM updates the firmware on the flash chip

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8
Q

Center channel

A

Is a big speaker that sits right underneath the monitor and is usually used for dialogue.

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9
Q

Game controllers often have a proprietary connection that requires a converter.

A

Game controllers often have a proprietary connection that requires a converter.

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10
Q

What ports are used for printers?

A

Parallel ports

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11
Q

CPUs (Central Processing Units) run programs

A

CPUs (Central Processing Units) run programs

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12
Q

What is DDR?

A

It is Double Data Rate RAM. For any one click of the clock, this gives two bits of information.

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13
Q

What are the CPU socket types?

A

Intel: LGA 1151 (more main-stream), LGA 2066 (very high-end) and AMD: AMA4 (main-stream), TR4 (very high-end)

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14
Q

CPU sockets are the mount where a CPU connects to the motherboard.

A

CPU sockets are the mount where a CPU connects to the motherboard.

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15
Q

DDR4

A

DDR4 uses a 288 pin stick. It is the fastest RAM described on the COMPTIA Exam. It is the most common. It is x8 the clock-speed. Bandwidth is used with DDR4. Bandwidth is measured with MT/s (mega transferred per sec)

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16
Q

Incorrectly installed CPUs or RAM can make your PC seem dead

A

Incorrectly installed CPUs or RAM can make your PC seem dead

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17
Q

There are many types of mass storage used today, including hard drives, solid-state drives (SSD), and optical media

A

There are many types of mass storage used today, including hard drives, solid-state drives (SSD), and optical media

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18
Q

Magnetic disk drives use spinning platters to store data via magnetism and read/write heads

A

Magnetic disk drives use spinning platters to store data via magnetism and read/write heads

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19
Q

POST runs at boot requesting devices to self-check. POST errors manifest as specific beep codes or display (text) codes. POST cards enable testing of “dead” computers.

A

POST runs at boot requesting devices to self-check. POST errors manifest as specific beep codes or display (text) codes. POST cards enable testing of “dead” computers.

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20
Q

Monitor

A

They provide output and web cameras provide visual input.

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21
Q

Keyboards, mice, and game controllers provide input

A

Keyboards, mice, and game controllers provide input

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22
Q

Liquid cooling uses a pump, a radiator, and a cooling block with liquid to remove heat

A

Liquid cooling uses a pump, a radiator, and a cooling block with liquid to remove heat

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23
Q

A voltmeter can test wall power.

A

A voltmeter can test wall power.

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24
Q

Which item is not likely to be in a technician’s toolkit?

A

EMP

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25
Q

Solid State Drive (SSD) memory cells are called pages

A

Solid State Drive (SSD) memory cells are called pages

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26
Q

When a system boots it looks for a bootable device.

A

When a system boots it looks for a bootable device.

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27
Q

SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)

A

Is an ancient standard that still has great support

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28
Q

The CPU interacts directly with fast hardware including RAM and video cards.

A

The CPU interacts directly with fast hardware including RAM and video cards.

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29
Q

Which chip is typically found on modern motherboards?

A

The South Bridge. The functions of the old North Bridge chip have been moved to modern CPUs

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30
Q

USB 3.1 Gen 2

A

10 Gbps

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31
Q 
Standard - Max Speed
USB 1.0 - 1.5 Megabits/sec
USB 1.1 - 12 Megabits/sec 
USB 2.0 - 480 Megabits/sec 
USB 3.0 - 5 Gigabits/sec
USB 3.1 Gen 1 -  5 Gigabits/sec         
USB 3.1 Gen 2 - 10 Gigabits/sec
A 
Standard - Max Speed
USB 1.0 - 1.5 Megabits/sec
USB 1.1 - 12 Megabits/sec 
USB 2.0 - 480 Megabits/sec 
USB 3.0 - 5 Gigabits/sec
USB 3.1 Gen 1 -  5 Gigabits/sec         
USB 3.1 Gen 2 - 10 Gigabits/sec
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32
Q

USB port colors

A 
White - USB 1.1 
Black - USB 2.0 
Neutral Blue - USB 3.0 or 3.1 Gen 1
Teal - USB 3.1
Red, Orange, Yellow - Charging Ports
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33
Q

USB is backward-compatible

A

USB is backward-compatible

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34
Q

USB connector types

A

Type-A, Type-B, Type-C, standard, mini, and micro

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35
Q

USB connectors A & B

A

USB A connectors - take commands from downstream
USB B connectors - take commands from upstream

Every time you connect any device via USB, you have a USB upstream connector and a USB downstream connector

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36
Q

Motherboards require RAM at a certain speed

A

Motherboards require RAM at a certain speed

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37
Q

Flashing can be done to fix any bugs and to update BIOS in order to accept new technology

A

Flashing can be done to fix any bugs and to update BIOS in order to accept new technology

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38
Q

When installing a CPU what can you use to protect it?

A

Antistatic wrist strap

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39
Q

A common Intel socket

A

LGA 1151

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40
Q

CPUs take a system speed and multiply it to reach the MAX CPU speed. CPUs come often with multiple cores.

A

CPUs take a system speed and multiply it to reach the MAX CPU speed. CPUs come often with multiple cores.

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41
Q

RAID 6

A
  • Minimum of 4 drives
  • Similar to RAID 5 except it uses double parity
  • Highly secure and fault-tolerant
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42
Q

DVD capacities

A 
Dual Layer (DL) format - On one side of the disc you have 2 layers and different lasers hit the different layers.
Double-sided format (DS)

DVD-5 (12cm, SS/SL) 4.37 GB > 2 HRS of video
DVD-9 (12cm, DS/DL) 7.95 GB about 4 HRS
DVD-10 (12cm, DS/DL) 8.74 GB about 4.5 HRS
DVD-18 (12cm, DS/DL) 15.90 GB > 8 HRS

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43
Q

Firmware

A

-Refers to software that has been permanently installed in a machine, device, or microchip usually by the manufacturer. Without it, the electronic device will not be able to work. Unlike standard software firmware is meant to control, operate, or maintain the hardware in the background, and not interact with human users.

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44
Q

Using SATA how is data passed between the computer and hard drive?

A

One bit at a time.

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45
Q

iSCSI

A

Small Computer Systems Interface connected to your computer via ethernet cable

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46
Q

The real-time clock battery keeps system time without external power.

A

The real-time clock battery keeps system time without external power.

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47
Q

3 rules with mass storage

A
  1. Back it up
  2. Mental reinstall
  3. Triple Check
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48
Q

RAM is based on a square

A

RAM is based on a square

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49
Q

Double-sided RAM sticks are very common

A

Double-sided RAM sticks are very common

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50
Q

Services are BIOS programs that make hardware functional

A

Services are BIOS programs that make hardware functional

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51
Q

Which critical components are found on the outside of the case?

A

-Front panel connections

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52
Q

Which is best to do before mounting the motherboard case?

A

-Test the motherboard with a CPU and RAM installed.

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53
Q

Clock speed is the motherboard speed. It is measured in megahertz.

A

Clock speed is the motherboard speed. It is measured in megahertz.

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54
Q

Install core components and test them before mounting them into the case.

A

Install core components and test them before mounting them into the case

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55
Q

Errors in System Setup can cause a dead PC; try clearing the CMOS jumper

A

Errors in System Setup can cause a dead PC; try clearing the CMOS jumper

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56
Q

The System Setup enables custom information about changeable devices such as changes to CPU frequencies, RAM timings, BIOS passwords, boot options, and more

A

The System Setup enables custom information about changeable devices such as changes to CPU frequencies, RAM timings, BIOS passwords, boot options, and more

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57
Q

What failures would you expect POST to issue beep codes?

A

Video card

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58
Q

To prevent random people from booting the OS, a technician should do what?

A

Set a user password.

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59
Q

Dongles

A

Connectors with cables that plug into the motherboard

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60
Q

Magnetic drive storage units are called sectors

A

Magnetic drive storage units are called sectors

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61
Q

Which interface is the fastest of the following: SATA, SCSI, NVMe, PATA?

A

NVMe

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62
Q

What must be done before installing a motherboard into a case?

A

Install the I/O shield

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63
Q

Hardware RAID has its own BIOS that comes with a special system setup to configure the RAID array

A

Hardware RAID has its own BIOS that comes with a special system setup to configure the RAID array

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64
Q

Hardware RAID requires a controller to configure the RAID arrays

A

Hardware RAID requires a controller to configure the RAID arrays

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65
Q

POST cards

A

All POST cards use a hexadecimal two-digit readout.
It shows POST codes.
POST codes are only valid as the computer’s booting up.

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66
Q

Regardless of the media, your operating system sees mass storage as a string of logical block addresses.

A

Regardless of the media, your operating system sees mass storage as a string of logical block addresses.

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67
Q

Every stick of RAM stores a certain amount of bytes of RAM that can be used.

A

Every stick of RAM stores a certain amount of bytes of RAM that can be used.

68
Q

CPUs come in primarily what two makes?

A

Intel and AMD

69
Q

When an instruction is sent to the CPU in a binary pattern, how does the CPU know what instruction the pattern means?

A

Codebook

70
Q

SATA uses a serial data transfer protocol

A

SATA uses a serial data transfer protocol

71
Q

CPUs use pipelines to optimize the processing commands

A

CPUs use pipelines to optimize the processing commands

72
Q

Make sure you can recognize all the rear desktop connections, including USB, network, power, video, and audio

A

Make sure you can recognize all the rear desktop connections, including USB, network, power, video, and audio

73
Q

What is the design foundation on which families of CPUs are built?

A

Microarchitecture

74
Q

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

A

A set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, electrical, optical, and logical interfaces.

75
Q

Many different CPUs come from a single microarchitecture.

A

Many different CPUs come from a single microarchitecture.

76
Q

USB devices must have a device driver.

A

USB devices must have a device driver.

77
Q

Human Interface Device (HID)

A

-Base drivers that get the core stuff working.

78
Q

RAID 5 Striping with Parity

A
  • Minimum of 3 drives
  • Can only lose 1 drive.
  • Because data and parity are striped even across all disks, no single disk is bottlenecked
  • Striping allows users to reconstruct data in case of disk failure
  • Evenly reads/writes
  • Considered one of the most secure RAID configurations
79
Q

Keyboard, video, mouse (KVM) switch

A

Enable multiple computers to share a single keyboard, monitor, and mouse.

80
Q

Mice almost exclusively use USB

A

Mice almost exclusively use USB

81
Q

RAID 0 Striping

A

-Minimum of 2 drives
Advantage: Speed
Disadvantage: No data safety. If one of the drives die you lose everything.

82
Q

CPU caching works between RAM and the CPU

A

CPU caching works between RAM and the CPU

83
Q

The old parallel SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is long gone, but SCSI language lives on in serial SCSI versions

A

The old parallel SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is long gone, but SCSI language lives on in serial SCSI versions

84
Q

The “No RAM” beep code will repeat until you power down the system

A

The “No RAM” beep code will repeat until you power down the system

85
Q

Different motherboards support a specific RAM technology

A

Different motherboards support a specific RAM technology

86
Q

What is true of an I/O shield?

A

It is customized to fit the motherboard I/O area.

87
Q

RAM speeds are measured using DDR or PC ratings

A

RAM speeds are measured using DDR or PC ratings

88
Q

What is found in BIOS?

A

-The Power On Self Test (POST) program and services

89
Q

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)

A

The small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the BIOS settings. Some of these settings include the system time and date as well as hardware settings.

90
Q

RAID 10 (1+0) Striping Mirroring

A
  • Minimum of 4 drives
  • Drives are set up as mirrored pairs and then striped
  • A drive in each mirror pair can fail
91
Q

RAID 01 (0+1) Mirroring Stripes

A
  • Requires a minimum of two pairs
  • Drives are set up as striped pairs and then mirrored
  • Can lose a complete striped pair
92
Q

RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Disks)

A
  • A disk or solid-state drive (SSD) subsystem that increases performance or provides fault tolerance or both
  • Provides Speed and Data Redundancy
93
Q

RAID 1 Mirroring

A

-Use two or more drives
Advantage: Redundancy
Disadvantage: Slower (slightly slower than RAID 0)

94
Q

More than 50 percent of all desktop motherboards have a built-in RAID controller

A

More than 50 percent of all desktop motherboards have a built-in RAID controller

95
Q

All USB devices connect to USB controllers built into the motherboard of the system; the USB controller is in charge of all connected USB devices

A

All USB devices connect to USB controllers built into the motherboard of the system; the USB controller is in charge of all connected USB devices

96
Q

Lighting uses a proprietary lighting connector

A

Lighting uses a proprietary lighting connector

97
Q

USB Type-A connectors plug into downstream USB ports; USB Type-B connectors plug into upstream USB ports on peripherals

A

USB Type-A connectors plug into downstream USB ports; USB Type-B connectors plug into upstream USB ports on peripherals

98
Q

Resolving USB security issues

A
  1. Disable USB ports

2. USB lock - Type of software that is designed to watch over USB ports

99
Q

Thunderbolt is a general-purpose I/O port that runs at 10 Gbps up to 40 Gbps

A

Thunderbolt is a general-purpose I/O port that runs at 10 Gbps up to 40 Gbps

100
Q

DDR uses 184 pins and has one notch

A

DDR uses 184 pins and has one notch

101
Q

How does a CPU increase the speed of the system clock?

A

Clock multipliers

102
Q

What is the cable length limitation for Ethernet network cables?

A

100m

103
Q

What is the cable limit for the USB 2.0 standards?

A

5m

104
Q

What are the 2 things you want to make sure to have when flashing the ROM?

A
  1. Good power

2. A complete copy of BIOS Flash Image

105
Q

Which is more likely to cause a computer’s reported time to fall behind?

A

The CMOS battery is weak or failing

106
Q

Which battery provides power to the RTC and CMOS chip?

A

-CR2032

107
Q

What are the benefits of liquid cooling?

A
  1. It makes your computer quieter

2. Pours more heat away than any fan could

108
Q

RAID not found

A
  • Has it been installed before?
  • Is your RAID controller active?
  • Do you have the right drivers?
  • Make sure they are connected properly and make sure they have power
109
Q

RAID stops working

A

-Does the hard drive have power?
Is it plugged in?
Has someone erased something you weren’t anticipating?

110
Q

Failure to boot

A

-Most failure to boot is because someone put a thumb drive in and it messed up your boot order

111
Q

Loud Clicking

A
  • “Click of death” mass storage device physically starts to break
  • It is terminal
  • Replace the hard drive
112
Q

OS not found as related to mass storage

A
  • 99% of the time you messed up your boot process

- It could be a thumb drive that was put in

113
Q

The Lightning standard is exclusive to Apple products

A

The Lightning standard is exclusive to Apple products

114
Q

Attempts to boot incorrect device as related to mass storage

A

-Boot order issue

115
Q

Drive not recognized as related to mass storage

A
  • The drive itself has a formatting problem
  • Data issues
  • Could be the result of yanking a hard drive from one window system and you plug it into another one
  • You need to initialize the disk before windows can recognize it
116
Q

A completed array looks like a single drive to the operating system

A

A completed array looks like a single drive to the operating system

117
Q

What is the difference between a thick client and a thin client?

A

A thin client rarely counts on its own internal storage to do anything.

118
Q

The two most critical components in a virtualization workstation are a powerful CPU and what?

A

RAM

119
Q

What is the core component in a NAS setup?

A

RAID array

120
Q

What is a valid capacity for a Compact Disc (CD)

A

74 minutes

121
Q

Each version of USB in a computer has its own what?

A

USB controller

122
Q

Most USB peripherals already have a what?

A

Windows driver

123
Q

What color is a PS/2 mouse port?

A

Green

124
Q

Which utility would a technician use to configure mouse settings?

A

Control Panel

125
Q

What kind of audio connector provides digital audio output?

A

S/PDIF connector

126
Q

What are the steps in installing a new expansion card?

A

Select a connector and slot, secure the card in its slot with a slot-cover screw, connect any power or data cables to the card

127
Q

What is the minimum number of drives to create a RAID 5 array?

A

3

128
Q

What is the maximum number of drive failures under RAID 6 at which the array will still function?

A

2

129
Q

What is an example of a hardware RAID controller?

A

Dedicated expansion card

130
Q

RAID 10 requires how many drives?

A

4

131
Q

What is most likely the result of a corrupted operating system?

A

Continuous reboots

132
Q

A power supply with optional cable plug-ins is known as a what?

A

Modular power supply

133
Q

A power supply that has all of its power cables soldered to the power supply unit (PSU)

A

Soldered Power Supply

134
Q

What does the on/off switch on a power supply do?

A

Provides wall power to the power supply.

135
Q

Which is a primary characteristic to be considered when choosing a power supply?

A

Efficiency

136
Q

Which is the quietest cooling solution

A

Liquid cooling

137
Q

What is the primary result of overheating the CPU?

A

Shutdowns and rebooting

138
Q

Catastrophic (fast) power failures typically include which symptom?

A

Burning smell

139
Q

Unexpected noise coming from inside a running computer likely comes from what?

A

Something interfering with a fan.

140
Q

What does a picture element consist of?

A

Three individual pieces that emit red, green, and blue light

141
Q

What does First Generation Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) use?

A

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CPFL)

142
Q

What is a monitor?

A

It is composed of individual picture elements (pixels); the total pixels across and down is the resolution

143
Q

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

A

Monitors that use liquid crystals to allow light to pass or not pass for each color in a pixel

144
Q

LCD backlights

A

Are fluorescent or LED lights and shine through the liquid crystals

145
Q

Organic LED (OLED)

A

Doesn’t use a backlight, as the pixels make their own light

146
Q

Digital Light Processing (DLP)

A

Uses a grid of tiny mirrors that shine through a color wheel to create an image.

147
Q

An LCD panel has a preset resolution

A

An LCD panel has a preset resolution

148
Q

Only CCFLs use inverters

A

Inverters convert DC power back into AC power for florescent lights. LEDs don’t need inverters.

149
Q

Who makes the majority of GPUs?

A

Nvidia, AMD (ATI), and Intel

150
Q

What is the difference between VGA and DVI?

A

VGA uses an analog signal; DVI uses a digital signal

151
Q

All graphics cards have RAM to help resolve the screen

A

All graphics cards have RAM to help resolve the screen

152
Q

Almost all graphics cards use 16-lane PCIe slots and one or two PCIe power connectors.

A

Almost all graphics cards use 16-lane PCIe slots and one or two PCIe power connectors.

153
Q

With multiple graphics cards, define the primary card in the system setup

A

With multiple graphics cards, define the primary card in the system setup

154
Q

Always run the system at your monitor’s native resolution

A

Always run the system at your monitor’s native resolution

155
Q

Projectors have resolutions and aspect ratios just like monitors

A

Projectors have resolutions and aspect ratios just like monitors

156
Q

Lumens

A

Define the brightness of the projector

157
Q

Projectors usually have either DLP or LCD technology

A

Projectors usually have either DLP or LCD technology

158
Q

Projector terms

A

Throw, pincushion, keystone and skew

159
Q

Overheat shutdown (as related to monitors)

A

Likely your video card got too hot and it shut down. It needs to have proper cooling, and it should have come with its own cooling built-in. You could have bad fans on your video card or your video could be packed in too tight and it is not getting enough ventilation.

160
Q

Dead pixels (as related to monitors)

A

Dead pixels happen on LCD monitors. A certain number of dead pixels are allowed. Don’t put up with dead pixels towards the middle of the screen. If you have a pixel that’s always off (always black) or a pixel that’s always bright white on go back to the manufacturer or store and get a new one. It cannot be fixed.

161
Q

Artifacts (as related to monitors)

A

Pieces of stuff that show up on the screen that look like they may have belonged there earlier, but don’t belong there anymore. First check the video ram. Video ram can go bad. Try running it with a different video card and see if it does the same thing. If it works then the ram on the graphics card is bad. Need a new graphics card as the ram is soldered on.

162
Q

Incorrect color patterns (as related to monitors)

A

First check your cable, especially if it’s an old VGA cable. If it’s not plugged in all the way it could give you some strange colors. Second, check the video ram. Use another video card and see if the problem persists,

163
Q

Dim image (as related to monitors)

A

Something that makes light isn’t making enough of it. Always check first that the brightness isn’t turned down. Dim image was a big issue on older CCFL LCD panels because the CCFLs begin to fade and you wouldn’t see a lot of the image. All the parts are replaceable.

164
Q

Flickering image (as related to monitors)

A

Immediately check the cable. Cables are notorious for a flickering image, especially like HDMI cables that aren’t designed to be plugged in and out a lot.

165
Q

Distorted image (as related to monitors)

A

First, make sure you are running at your native resolution for your monitor. If it’s for a projector it is a matter of adjusting your geometry.

CompTIA A+ 220-1001 (1 decks)

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