flascard

Question 1

What are the three particles that make up an atom?

Answer 1

Electron, Proton, Neutron

Question 2

What is the core of an atom called?

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

What force holds protons and neutrons within the nucleus?

Answer 3

Strong nuclear force

Question 4

What holds negatively charged electrons within the atom?

Answer 4

Attractive electric forces exerted by the positively charged nucleus

Question 5

Define electrostatic force.

Answer 5

Attractive or repulsive force between two electrically charged objects

Question 6

What are the interactions called between electric charges that are at rest?

Answer 6

Electrostatics

Question 7

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 7

1.672621898(21) x 10^-27 kg

Question 8

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 8

1.674927471(21) x 10^-27 kg

Question 9

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 9

9.10938356(11) x 10^-31 kg

Question 10

What is the net electric charge of a neutral atom?

Answer 10

Zero

Question 11

What is the atomic number?

Answer 11

Number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom of an element

Question 12

What is a positive ion?

Answer 12

An atom that has lost one or more electrons

Question 13

What is a negative ion?

Answer 13

An atom that has gained one or more electrons

Question 14

What is the process of gaining or losing electrons called?

Answer 14

Ionization

Question 15

List the methods of charging.

Answer 15

• Charging by friction
• Charging by conduction
• Charging by induction

Question 16

What occurs during charging by friction?

Answer 16

Transfer of electrons when objects are rubbed against each other

Question 17

What is the triboelectric series?

Answer 17

List of objects and their tendency to give up or take electrons when charged by friction

Question 18

State the law of charges.

Answer 18

Like charges repel; unlike charges attract

Question 19

What is the conservation of charge?

Answer 19

The algebraic sum of all electric charges in a closed system is constant

Question 20

What is charging by conduction?

Answer 20

Transfer of electrons from a charged object to another by direct contact

Question 21

Define conductors.

Answer 21

Materials whose electric charges are free to move within

Question 22

Define insulators.

Answer 22

Materials in which electric charges are NOT free to move within

Question 23

What happens during charging by induction?

Answer 23

Movement of electrons to one part of an object by the electric field of another object

Question 24

What does Coulomb’s Law state?

Answer 24

The electric force between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

Question 25

What is the value of k in Coulomb's Law?

Answer 25

8.9875 × 10^9 N.m²/C²

Question 26

Fill in the blank: In a neutral atom, the number of _______ equals the number of protons.

Answer 26

Electrons

Question 27

Fill in the blank: A charge of _______ is the charge of an electron.

Answer 27

-1.60 x 10^-19 C

Question 28

Fill in the blank: A charge of _______ is the charge of a proton.

Answer 28

1.60 x 10^-19 C

Question 29

What is the charge of an ion with two missing electrons?

Answer 29

Positive charge of +3.20 x 10^-19 C

Question 30

What is the net electric force on a point charge affected by other charges?

Answer 30

It is calculated based on the individual forces exerted by each charge

Question 31

True or False: The net electric force in a closed system can change.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What happens when two point charges have the same sign?

Answer 32

They repel each other

Question 33

What happens when two point charges have opposite signs?

Answer 33

They attract each other

Question 34

What is the formula for calculating electric force per unit charge experienced by a charge at a certain point?

Answer 34

Electric force per unit charge = Electric field ## Footnote The electric field is defined as the force experienced by a unit positive charge at a point in space.

Question 35

The electric field of a point charge always points ______ from a positive charge.

Answer 35

away ## Footnote This indicates that positive charges repel other positive charges.

Question 36

The electric field of a point charge always points ______ toward a negative charge.

Answer 36

toward ## Footnote This indicates that negative charges attract positive charges.

Question 37

What is conventional current?

Answer 37

The flow of electric charge from positive to negative ## Footnote Conventional current considers the direction of flow of positive charges.

Question 38

What is the unit of electric current?

Answer 38

Amperes (A) ## Footnote Current is defined as the time rate of flow of electric charge.

Question 39

Voltage is also known as ______.

Answer 39

electric potential difference ## Footnote Voltage measures the work needed to move a charge between two points.

Question 40

What is the unit of voltage?

Answer 40

Volts (V) ## Footnote Voltage quantifies the potential energy per unit charge.

Question 41

Define resistance.

Answer 41

The opposition to the flow of charge ## Footnote Resistance occurs due to collisions within the conducting material.

Question 42

What is the unit of resistance?

Answer 42

Ohms (Ω) ## Footnote Resistance quantifies how much a material opposes the flow of electric current.

Question 43

What does Ohm's Law describe?

Answer 43

The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance ## Footnote Ohm's Law states V = I × R.

Question 44

When current exists in a circuit, what is done to overcome resistance?

Answer 44

Work is done and power is expended ## Footnote This relates to the electric power generated in the circuit.

Question 45

What is the formula for electric power in a circuit?

Answer 45

Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) ## Footnote Power is measured in watts (W).

Question 46

If a circuit has a resistance of 18 Ω and a current of 15 A, what is the rate of energy per Coulomb?

Answer 46

V = I × R = 15 A × 18 Ω = 270 V ## Footnote This calculation uses Ohm's Law.

Question 47

If the voltage is 300 V and the resistance is 0.5 Ω, what is the current?

Answer 47

I = V / R = 300 V / 0.5 Ω = 600 A ## Footnote This calculation also uses Ohm's Law.

Question 48

A 12 V socket produces 120 Coulombs of charge per second. What is the resistance of the wire?

Answer 48

R = V / I = 12 V / 120 A = 0.1 Ω ## Footnote This calculation determines the resistance based on voltage and current.

Question 49

List materials that are conductors.

Answer 49

* Copper * Au * Ag * Beryllium ## Footnote Conductors allow the flow of electric current easily.

Question 50

List materials that are insulators.

Answer 50

* Rubber * Glass * Pure water * Hair * Human skin * Paper ## Footnote Insulators resist the flow of electric current.