Fixed braces Flashcards
List the indications for fixed appliances (7)
· severely misplaced teeth
· spaces present
· When correction of incisor relationship required
· multiple tooth movement
· extractions
· more precise tooth movements and fine detailing of occlusion is possible
· better control over anchorage
List the types of tooth movements induced by braces (7)
· bodily movement · tipping · torquing · root/crown uprighting · intrusion · extrusion · rotations
List the active (4) and passive (7) components of braces
Active components • Arch wires • Springs/ coils • Elastics (powerchains, inter- arch) • Separators
Passive components: • Bands • Brackets • Buccal tubes • Lingual attachments • Lock pins • Ligature wire • Modules
ACTIVE COMPONENT
Describe arch wires in terms of:
- The material used (3)
- Shapes or arch wires (cross- section)
Material used:
○ Stainless steel (SS)
○ Beta-Titanium (TMA)
○ Nickel-Titanium (NiTi)
Cross-sectional shape: ○ round ○ square ○ rectangular ○ multistranded
ACTIVE COMPONENTS Describe the three materials of wires in terms of: - Stiffness - Advantages - When it is used
Stainless steel:
• Stiffness: very stiff
• Advantage: smooth surface means less friction
• When it is used: for space closure
Beta titanium:
• Stiffness: intermediate
• Advantage: east to bend
• When it is used: for finishing bends
NiTi:
• Stiffness: low, very flexible
• Advantage: “shape memory effect” property which allows the wire to regain its normal form without plastically deforming the wire
• When it is used: Use in the beginning of the treatment due to its flexibility thus allowing engagement in crowded teeth
ACTIVE COMPONENTS
Describe open coil spring and closed coil spring
Open coil spring:
• Springs that are compressed between two teeth to open up space between them
Closed coil spring:
• Springs that stretched between teeth to close space
ACTIVE COMPONENTS
Describe powerchains in terms of purpose (2)
State when inter-arch elastics are used
Powerchains:
• Used to tie /ligate the archwire to the brackets
• Help close spaces
Interarch elastics: • Used to correct class II or class III malocclusions
ACTIVE COMPONENT Describe separators in terms of their: - Purpose - How they are inserted - How long they are left in the mouth
Purpose:
• Creates mesial and distal spaces between the teeth to allow the proper sitting of the orthodontic bands
How they are inserted:
• Separators are stretched with dental floss or plier and then pushed gently in the proximal spaces
How long they are left in the mouth:
• For a week for spaces to be created
• After that they should be removed to avoid its intrusion within the gingival pocket or swallowed by the patient
PASSIVE COMPONENT Describe bands in terms of: - The material used - Its purpose (2) - Its characteristics - Site of placement
Material used:
• Stainless steel and available in various sizes
Its purpose:
• Fix various attachments on to the teeth
• Secure an arch wire
Its characteristics:
• Can have up to 3 tubes: auxiliary tube(gingival), main slot(middle), headgear tube(occlusal)
Site of placement:
• Usually used on the molars but occasionally can be used on the premolars as an attachment for an RME
PASSIVE COMPONENT Explain brackets in terms of: - Purpose - Which teeth have a modified bracket - The two different types of brackets - The three different materials of self- ligating brackets
Purpose:
• Act as handles to transmit the force from the active component (wire) to the teeth
Which teeth have a modified bracket:
• Canine and premolar brackets can have hooks attached
The two different types of brackets:
• Conventional pre-adjusted edgewise bracket: require o-rings to tie the arch wire onto the bracket
• Self-ligating bracket: have tiny gates that open in the bracket so that the arch wire can be fitted in there, and there after, it is closed. No need for o- rings
The three different materials of self- ligating brackets:
- Metallic brackets
- Plastic brackets
- Ceramic brackets
PASSIVE COMPONENT Describe metallic brackets in terms of: - Strength - Cost - Durability - Aesthetics
Metallic brackets: • high strength • low cost • high durability poor esthetics
PASSIVE COMPONENT Describe plastic brackets in terms of: - Aesthetics - Cost - Issues
Plastic brackets
• More esthetic than metal brackets
• Low cost relative to ceramic brackets
• Discoloration
PASSIVE COMPONENT Describe ceramic brackets in terms of: - Aesthetics - Discolouration - Cost - Strength - Issues
Ceramic brackets
• More esthetic than metal or plastic brackets
• High resistance to discoloration
• High cost
• Brittle and easy to fracture
• Can cause wear to the opposing teeth (avoid putting at lower anterior region)
PASSIVE COMPONENT
For mini screws, explain:
- Its purpose
Where it is placed
Purpose:
• Used to reinforce anchorage (resistance to unwanted tooth movement)
Where it is place:
• Attached gingiva after the area has been anesthetized
• Can be on the buccal and the palate
