Fitness/nutrition Terms Flashcards

Question

Fast twitch muscle fiber

Answer 1

twitch muscles fatigue faster but are used in powerful | bursts of movements like sprinting.

Answer 2

When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood through the arteries to the rest of the body. This force creates pressure on the arteries. This is called systolic blood pressure. A normal systolic blood pressure is below 120. A systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 means you have prehypertension, or borderline high blood pressure.

Answer 3

r high blood pressure is a common condition in which the longterm force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.

Answer 4

any one of various substances found in certain foods (such as bread, rice, and potatoes) that provide your body with heat and energy and are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 5

are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fatsoluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

Answer 6

From a chemical standpoint, saturated fats are simply fat molecules that have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature

Answer 7

Oils that contain monounsaturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature but start to turn solid when chilled. Olive oil is an example of a type of oil that contains monounsaturated fats. Polyunsaturated fat is mainly in vegetable oils such as corn, safflower, sunflower and soybean oils. It's usually liquid at room temperature. It is also found in seeds and fish. Better for your arteries and heart.

Answer 8

Artificial trans fats (or trans fatty acids) are created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. The primary dietary source for trans fats in processed food is “partially hydrogenated oils." Look for them on the ingredient list on food packages.

Answer 9

are the building blocks of life. Every cell in the human body contains protein. The basic structure of protein is a chain of amino acids. You need protein in your diet to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein is also important for growth and development in children, teens, and pregnant women. Protein foods are broken down into parts called amino acids during digestion. Amino acids are found in animal sources such as meats, milk, fish, and eggs. They are also found in plant sources such as soy, beans, legumes, nut butters, and some grains (such as wheat germ and quinoa). You do not need to eat animal products to get all the protein you need in your diet. 37. Dietary fiberor roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants. It has

Answer 10

the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy. During this complex biochemical process, calories in food and beverages are combined with oxygen to release the energy your body needs to function

Answer 11

the amount of energy (calories) your body burns while you are resting.

Answer 12

are components in foods that an organism uses to survive and grow. Macronutrients provide the bulk energy an organism's metabolic system needs to function while micronutrients provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism to be carried out.

Answer 13

Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They are: B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate)Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, and C.

Answer 14

Like vitamins, minerals are substances found in food that your body needs for growth and health. There are two kinds of minerals: macro minerals and trace minerals. Macro minerals are minerals your body needs in larger amounts. They include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Your body needs just small amounts of trace minerals. These include iron, copper, iodine, zinc, fluoride, and selenium.

Answer 15

Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle —Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone.

Answer 16

are among the brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which function to transmit electrical signals within the nervous system. Stress and pain are the two most common factors leading to the release of endorphins. Endorphins interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs such as morphine and codeine.

Answer 17

person who does not eat meat, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons.

Answer 18

person who does not eat or use animal products

Answer 19

person that gets little or no physical activity

Answer 20

the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low

Answer 21

the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal.

Answer 22

The body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foods we eat and converts them to a type of sugar called glucose. Glucose is the main source of fuel for our cells.

Answer 23

colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise.