Fitness Components

Question 1

Name all the Health Related Components (BAFMM)

Answer 1

Body Composition
Aerobic Power 
Flexibility
Muscular	Endurance
Muscular Strength

Question 2

Define Aerobic Power

Answer 2

The ability to take up and supply oxygen to muscles to sustain exercise.

Question 3

Name 3 factors that affect Aerobic Power and briefly explain them

Answer 3

Gender: males have greater aerobic power than female because, they have a greater size heart and have a greater volume of blood

Age: VO2 max peaks at 25-28 of age and then declines by 1% every year.

Training: The more we train, the more efficient is it too pump blood to the muscles.

Question 4

Define Body Composition

Answer 4

The ratio of fat-free mass to fat mass.

Question 5

Identify the 3 types of Body Compositions

Answer 5

Ectomorph: thin with not much muscle or fat

Mesomorph: medium build and mainly muscle

Endomorph: large and mostly fat

Question 6

Name 3 factors that affect Body Composition and briefly explain them

Answer 6

Age: After 40 years, metabolism slows down.

Gender: Average male % body fat is approx 15% and females % body fat is approx 25%

Genetics: Body types tend to be 90% genetically inherited.

Question 7

Define Flexibility

Answer 7

The range of motion around a joint

Question 8

Name 3 factors that affect Flexibility and briefly explain them

Answer 8

Joint Structure and Age: Flexibility tends to be greatest at various body joints between the age of 8-10. For example when we swing a golf club we take the club back we take it back far and swing hard, however a 80 year old will not take the club back as far.

Gender: Females tend to be more flexible than males and they possess greater levels of oestrogen.

Temperature: warming up and warm conditions contribute to increasing flexibility.

Question 9

Define Muscular Strength

Answer 9

The force a muscle can exert in one contraction

Question 10

Name 3 factors that affect Muscular Strength and briefly explain them

Answer 10

Age: Muscular strength peaks at 25-30 and declines by 1% each year after that

Gender: Males have greater muscle mass than females due to testosterone

Fibre Type: Fast twitch fibres can generate more strength than slow twitch fibres because they have greater diameters and contractile proteins.

Question 11

Define Muscular Endurance

Answer 11

The ability of a muscle to continue sustained contractions

Question 12

Name 3 factors that affect Muscular Endurance and briefly explain them

Answer 12

Age: Peaks 25-30 and declines by 1% per year after that

Training: Aerobic Training will increase blood/oxygen supply to muscle tissue and thus increase aerobic ATP production and the removal of metabolic by-products

Muscular Strength: greater amounts of muscular strength will show greater muscular endurance.

Question 13

Name all of Skill Related Components (MRS CABA)

Answer 13

Muscular Power
Reaction Time
Speed
Coordination
Agility
Balance
Anaerobic Capacity

Question 14

Define Muscular Power

Answer 14

The ability to exert a maximal contraction in one explosive effort

Question 15

Name 3 factors that affect Muscular Power and briefly explain them

Answer 15

Age: Muscular Power will tend to peak around 25 years of age and then decline by 1% per year

Gender: Males have greater muscle mass than females so will also have greater muscular power

Fibre Type: Fast twitch fibres can generate muscular power quicker than slow twitch fibres

Question 16

Define Reaction Time

Answer 16

The time in between a signal being detached and the first movement/response to this signal.

Question 17

Name 3 factors that affect Reaction Time and briefly explain them

Answer 17

“Noise”: distractions add to reaction time and slow down response

Concentration: this will contribute to quick and appropriate reactions

Number of responses: reaction time is quicker when there is only one possible response.

Question 18

Define Anaerobic Capacity

Answer 18

The ability of the body to produce energy without using oxygen and hence the efficiency of the two aerobic energy systems

Question 19

Name 3 factors that affect Anaerobic Capacity and briefly explain them

Answer 19

Age: Anaerobic Power tends to peak around 30 years of age and then decline by 1% per year

Gender: Males have greater muscles mass than females, so will also have greater stores of ‘anaerobic fuels’

Lactate and Metabolite Tolerance: Anaerobic training calling upon the anaerobic glycolysis system will greatly improve the muscle’s abilities to tolerate build up of LA, H+, ADP and inorganic phosphates.

Question 20

Define Speed

Answer 20

The ability to move from one point to another quickly

Question 21

Name 3 factors that affect Speed and briefly explain them

Answer 21

Reaction Time: Faster reaction times contribute to quicker movements

Muscular Strength: The greater one’s muscular strength, the greater their speed.

Fibre Type and Recruitment: Fast Twitch fibres can generate greater speeds than slow twitch fibres.

Question 22

Define Agility

Answer 22

A rapid, whole body movement with change in velocity to direction in response to a stimulus

Question 23

Name 3 factors that affect Agility and briefly explain them

Answer 23

Centre of Gravity: athletes with a lower cog tend to more agile dude to greater abilities to balance.

Speed: Males are generally faster than females (see muscular power and strength) and hence will have greater agility than females.

Reaction Time: Faster reaction times contribute to quicker movements and greater agility.

Question 24

Define Coordination

Answer 24

The ability to use the body’s senses to execute motor skills smoothly and accurately.

Question 25

Name 3 factors that affect Coordination and briefly explain them

Answer 25

Sequencing of Movements: the more parts or sequences to a movement, the higher level of coordination required.

Stage of Learnings: Autonomous performers (elite level) are more coordinated than associative (beginner) performers.

Practice/Learning: There is a direct relationship between amount if learning and coordination.

Question 26

Define Balance

Answer 26

The ability to maintain equilibrium whilst stationery or moving.

Question 27

Name 3 factors that affect Balance and briefly explain them

Answer 27

Base of Support: the greater the base of support, the greater the equilibrium

Centre of Gravity: by lowering one’s centre of gravity, balance is in increased

Core Stability: greater core stability leads to improved balance.