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Vertebrates > Fish Taxonomy > Flashcards

Fish Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Hagfish

A

Class Myxini, Order Myxiniformes

  • Barbels present
  • Rudimentary eyes
  • Inconspicious mouth
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2
Q

Lampreys

A

Class Petromyzontoidea, Order Petromyzontiformes

  • Large eyes
  • No barbels
  • 7 gill openings, 7 pairs of gills
  • Single median nostril
  • Ammocoete larval stage
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3
Q

Sharks

A

Class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Elasmobranchii, Order Squaliformes

  • Heterocercal tail
  • Spiracle (reduced, rounded gill slit anterior to other gill slits)
  • Males have claspers on pelvic fins
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4
Q

Skates, Rays

A

Class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Elasmobranchii, Order Rajiformes

  • Dorsoventrally flattened
  • Eyes on top of head
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5
Q

Chimaeras, Rabbitfish

A

Class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Holocephali, Order Chimaeriformes

  • Beak-like tooth plates
  • Long, thin tail - locomotion by pectoral fins
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6
Q

Lungfish

A

Class Sarcopterygii, Subclass Dipnoi

  • Diphycercal tail (triangular)
  • Fleshy paired fins
  • May aestivate
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7
Q

Bichirs and Reed Fish

A

Class Actinopterygii, Order Polypteriformes

  • Dorsal finlets
  • Fleshy base to pectoral fin
  • Ganoid scales
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8
Q

Paddlefish

A

Order Acipenseriformes, Family Polyodontidae

  • Elongated, flattened rostrum
  • No scales
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9
Q

Sturgeon

A

Order Acipenseriformes, Family Acipenseridae

  • Bony plates along sides
  • Heterocercal tail
  • Ducklike snout
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10
Q

Gars

A

Order Lepisosteiiformes, Family Lepisosteidae

  • Ganoid scales
  • Elongate snout
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11
Q

Bowfin

A

Order Amiiformes, Family Amiidae

  • “Eyespot” on caudal fin
  • Long dorsal fin
  • Caudal fin somewhat asymmetric
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12
Q

Eels

A

Order Anguilliformes, Family Anguillidae

  • Pectoral fins present
  • Larval form leptocephalus
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13
Q

Herring, Shad, Alewives

A

Order Clupeiformes, Family Clupeidae

  • No adipose fin
  • Ventral scales keeled - “sawtooth fringe” to belly
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14
Q

Salmon, Trout, Whitefish

A

Order Salmoniformes, Family Salmonidae

  • Adipose fin
  • Axillary process
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15
Q

Smelt

A

Order Salmoniformes, Family Osmeridae

  • Adipose fin
  • Forked tail
  • No barbels
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16
Q

Pike

A

Order Salmoniformes, Family Esocidae

  • Dorsal and anal fin well back on body
  • Prominent jaws, duck-bill shaped
17
Q

Coelacanth

A

Class Sarcopterygii, Subclass Actinistia

  • 2 dorsal, 2 pelvic fins
  • 3-lobed caudal fin
18
Q

Suckers

A

Order Cypriniformes, Family Catostomidae

  • Mouth ventrally oriented
19
Q

Minnows, Carp, Goldfish

A

Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae

  • Abdominal pelvic fins
  • Toothless (except pharyngeal teeth)
  • Mouth not ventrally oriented
20
Q

Catfish

A

Order Siluriformes, Family Ictaluridade

  • Adipose fin
  • Broad, flat head
  • Numerous barbels
21
Q

Flying Fish

A

Order Beloniformes, Family Exocetidae

  • Large pectoral fins
  • Lateral line low on side of body
22
Q

Killifish

A

Order Cyprinidontiformes, Family Cyprinidontidae

  • Oviparous
  • Flattened heads
  • Mouth tilted upwards
  • Third anal ray branched
23
Q

Mollies, Guppies, Swordtails, Mosquitofish

A

Order Cyprinidontiformes, Family Poecilidae

  • Viviparous
  • Males have modified anal fin (gonopodium)
24
Q

Cod, Haddock, Pollock

A

Order Gadiformes, Family Gadidae

  • Single, small barbel on chin
  • Long dorsal and anal fin, dorsal fin in 2 or 3 sections
  • Pelvic fins below or in front of pectorals
25
Q

Sticklebacks

A

Order Gasterosteiformes, Family Gasterosteidae

  • 3-16 spines anterior to dorsal fin
  • Upturned mouths, narrow caudal peduncle
26
Q

Seahorses and Pipefish

A

Order Gasterosteiformes, Family Syngnathidae

  • Pipefish elongate
  • No scales; bony plates instead
27
Q

Sunfish, Bass

A

Order Perciformes, Family Centrarchidae

  • Spinous anterior and soft posterior dorsal fins joined
28
Q

Perch and Darters

A

Order Perciformes, Family Percidae

  • 2 separate dorsal fins, anterior with spikes, posterior soft
29
Q

Mackerel, Tuna

A

Order Perciformes, Family Scombridae

  • 2 dorsal fins, finlets behind dorsal and anal fins
30
Q

Sculpins

A

Order Scorpaeniformes, Family Cottidae

  • Flattened head, eyes close together on top of head
  • Preopercular spine
  • 2 dorsal fins, large pectorals
31
Q

Puffers

A

Order Tetradontiformes

  • Scales modified into spines or plates
  • Teeth fused into beaklike structure
32
Q

Right-eyed Flounder

A

Order Pleuronectiformes, Family Pleuronectidae

  • Flat, eyes on right side
  • Large eyes, mouth, pectoral fin
  • Dorsal and anal fins distinct from caudal
33
Q

Sole

A

Order Pleuronectiformes, Family Solidae

  • Eyes on right side
  • Pectoral fins absent or small
  • Dorsal and anal fins close to caudal
34
Q

Left-eyed Flounder

A

Order Pleuronectiformes, Family Bothidae

  • Eyes on left side
35
Q

Anglerfish

A

Order Lophiformes

  • First ray of dorsal transformed into lure

Vertebrates (6 decks)

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