Fish Biology Flashcards
1
Q
the science of life and life processes
A
Biology
2
Q
the study of fishes as living organisms
A
Fish Biology
3
Q
zoology specializing in the study of fishes
A
Ichthyology
4
Q
What are the scopes of Ichthyology
A
Fish Taxonomy, Fish Anatomy, Fish Physiology, Fish Evolution and Genetics and Fish Ecology.
5
Q
It is the science of biological classification of fishes.
A
Fish Taxonomy
6
Q
It is the branch of Ichthyology dealing with the study of the shape and structure of fishes
A
Fish Anatomy
7
Q
It is the study of the functions and organs and system in the body of fishes.
A
Fish physiology
8
Q
The study of the origin o fishes and the sequence and manner in which modern fishes evolved from previous ones and the mechanisms which changes have come about.
A
Fish evolution and genetics
9
Q
What are the two approaches of ecology?
A
Autecology and Synecology
10
Q
Study of the interrelationships among communities of
organisms and with their environment
A
Synecology
11
Q
Study of the relationships between a singles species and its environment
A
Autecology
12
Q
Study of individual and social behaviors of fishes
A
Fish ethology
13
Q
Wise use and management of fish resources
A
Fish conservation
14
Q
A cold-blooded animal living in water, typically with backbone, breathing air dissolved in water by means of gills, propelling and balancing itself by means of limbs modified into fins where skin is either naked or generally covered with scales.
A
Fish
15
Q
Biological Features of Fish
A
a) how fishes live in the aquatic environment
b) how fishes sense its surroundings
c) how fishes breath
d) how fishes eat
e) how fishes excrete wastes
f) how fishes reproduce
g) how fishes grow.
16
Q
Biological Features of Fish
A
a) how fishes live in the aquatic environment
b) how fishes sense its surroundings
c) how fishes’ breath
d) how fishes eat
e) how fishes excrete wastes
f) how fishes reproduce
g) how fishes grow.
17
Q
About how many species of vertebrates are there?
A
20,000 about 48.1% of 41,600
18
Q
What are the external features of Fish?
A
Body Forms, Body Coverings, Sensory Organs, Appendages, Spines, Lures and Coloration
19
Q
It is the most ideal form of shape of fish which is a torpedo-shaped.
A
Fusiform
20
Q
A shape of fish which is flattened laterally.
A
Compressiform
21
Q
A shape of fish which is flat dorsoventrally.
A
Depressiform
22
Q
Shape of fish which is ribbon-like.
A
Filiform
23
Q
Shape of fish which is snake-like
A
Anguiliform
24
Q
Shape of Fish which is Balloon-like.
A
Globiform
25
Shape of fish which is Box-like.
Boxiform
26
What are the different shape of Fish?
Fusiform (torpedo like), Compressiform (flat laterlly), Depressiform (flat dorsoventrally), Anguilliform (Snake-like), Filliform (Ribbon-like), Taeiniform, Boxiform (like a box), and Globiform (Balloon Like).
27
This is what you call a body coverings without scales.
Naked
28
What are the scales that is known as overlapping and thin.
Dermal Scales
29
What are the 4 types of Dermal Scales
Cycloid, Ctenoid, Ganoid, Placoid
30
This scale is no spines and exposed to the hind part.
Cycloid
31
This scale haves tiny spines in the exposed hind part.
Ctenoid
32
This scale has bony and capped with ganoin or a hard, glassy, enamel-like substances.
Ganoid
33
This scale is minute, with backward - pointing spine covered by enamel and a basal plate of dentine in the dermis.
Placoid
34
What are the modifications of Body Covering
Corselet and Scutes
35
The two types of body coverings
Keels and Slimy Covering
36
This is a body covering having hard bones found in the caudal peduncle
Keels
37
This body covering is like a mucous secretions to prevent abrasions which is commonly found in the eels.
Slimy covering
38
What are the types of Appendages/Fins
Caudal Fin, Pelvic Fin, Dorsal Fin, Pectoral fin and Anal Fin.
39
This fin is median and unpaired
Caudal fin
40
What are the three types of caudal fin
Heterocercal, Homocercal and Diphycercal
41
This type of caudal fin tends to extends to the tip and is bent upward.
Heterocercal
42
This type of caudal fin do not extend to the tip.
Homocercal
43
This type of caudal fin extends to the tip but is not bent upward.
Diphycercal
44
The tapering potion of the fish body behind the base of the last ray of the anal fin
Caudal Peduncle
45
What are the different types by forms?
Forked
Rounded
Emarginate
Lunate
Pointed
46
This fin is paired, may unite to form a sucking disk.
Pelvic or ventral fin
47
This fin is a median and unpaired.
Dorsal Fin
48
This fin is behind the operculum; lateral and paired
Pectoral fin
49
It if found below the anus; median and unpaired
Anal fin
50
This sensory organs having the characteristics that it doesn't have lids and others see color and some dont.
Eyes
51
This creates chemoreception having sense of smell for dissolved materials.
Nostrils
52
This organ can use for balancing rather than sound detection
Ears
53
It is found at the ear which is a kind of bone that could determine the exact age of the fish using its rings
Otolith
54
This is the slender canal with many openings to the surface where it responds to the low-frequency pressure stimuli in the surrounding water.
Lateral Line
55
This could be use for defense against enemies like predators
Spines
56
This is used by a lot of predators in order to attract prey.
Lures
57
This is the distinct colors or markings that is used for camouflage.
Coloration
58
What are the two types of skeleton?
Cartilaginous (Sharks and Rays) and Bony (Ray-finned fishes)
59
What are the different types of muscles?
White muscle and Dark muscle
60
This muscle is used for sustained swimming
Dark muscle
61
This muscle is used for burst swimming
white muscle
62
What are the different swimming locomotion
Active swimming and passive swimming
63
This type of swimming locomotion is a wig-wag - type and dolphin -type.
Active swimming
64
This kind of swimming locomotion is like the Remoras in the back of the sharks.
Passive Swimming
65
What are the three types of non-swimming locomotion
Leaping
Soaring
Crawling
Burrowing
66
It is the long distance movement
Migration
67
Another term for residential
Territorial
68
Another term for migratory fishes
schooling
69
What are the different types of migratory fishes
Oceanodromous, limnodromous, diadromous
70
Migration of fish from marine to freshwaters
Anadromous
71
Migration of fish from freshwater to marine
Catadromous
72
Equal upper and lower jaw
Terminal
73
shorter upper jaw
superior
74
shorter lower jaw
inferior
75
elongate and sharp
subterminal
76
pertains to the mouth
buccal
77
Hyoid Apparatus
Formed by pieces of bones supporting tongue
78
Pointed and Sharp (ex. Barracudas)
caniniform
79
Flat and not sharp
Molariform
80
Minute and many
Villiform
81
United to form one teeth.
Modifications (beak-like)
82
TRUE or FALSE. Fish do have taste buds
TRUE
83
TRUE or FALSE. Digestive tract of fish is similar to other vertebrates.
True
84
Prefer both plants and animals
Omnivourous
85
Eat on dead animals
Scavengers
86
It fed on detritus
Detritivores
87
Tooth exerting high stress on prey. Followed by short conical, teeth in a single row. Capable of puncturing.
Front-fanged
88
Teeth exerting high stress on prey. Not for capturing
Back-fanged
89
Teeth exerting moderate stress on prey. Capture and hold prey.
edentulate and villiform morphotypes
90
Seize their prey with the jaws
seizers
91
Suck food in by expanding the mouth
Suckers
92
Strain organisms from the water
Strainers
93
Engulfing the prey by sudden opening
Engulfers
94
Prefer animal food
Carnivores
95
Prefer plant food
Herbivores
96
Separate sexes
Bisexual
96
Male and female show distinct characteristics
Sexual demorphism
97
Male and Female show distinct characteristics
Sexual dimorphism
98
Sexes are not separate
Hermaphroditic
99
Sex change dependent on some factors
Sex reversal
100
Presence of modified organ for copulation
Internal Fertilization
101
Eggs and sperms are laid in the environment.
External Fertilization
102
An enlarged anal fin modified as a copulatory organ
Gonopodium
103
What are the types of source of nutrition for fish during reproduction
Oviparous, Viviparous, Ovoviviparous
104
Lay eggs
Oviparous
105
Give birth to young, mother source of nutrition
Viviparous
106
Give birth to young, yolk source of nutrition
Ovoviviparous
107
Planktonic; dispersed to greater distance
Eggs and Larvae
108
Capable of swimming; move to preferred habitats
Fry and Fingerlings
109
Look for food and spawn when mature
Adults
110
High fecundity; do not care for the young
Non-guarders
111
Low fecundity; give care and attention to the young
Guarders
112
Hide in mouth or pouch
Brooders
113
Build nest
Nesters
114
Condition in which different fishes differ notably in character or proportions of body
Dimorphism
115
Breathing organ; exchange of O2 and CO2 occur
Gills
116
Help in suction or forcing of water to the gills
Gill slits and operculum
117
Protect gills against hard particles
Gill rakers
118
Store gases like 02, N2, CO2 hydrostatic organ for floating
Swim Bladder
119
Serve as aid in respiration; serve as a sense organ and sound production
Swim Bladder
120
The accessory organ for air breathing in the form of a series of intricate wide passages found in air-breathing fishes
Labyrinthine organ
121
The chains of small bones developed in connection wit the modified anterior vertebrae and connecting the air-bladder with the ear.
Weberian apparatus
122
The ability to maintain in the body a reasonably constant proportion of salt and water
Osmoregulation
123
The salt content is higher in the body; their body absorbs water from the environment, so they do not drink water.
Freshwater fishes
124
Salt content is higher in the body; their body absorbs water from the environment, so they do not drink water.
Freshwater fishes
125
The salt content is lower in the body; since their body losses water to the environment, they drink large quantities of seawater and eliminate the excess salts.
Marine fishes
126
Presence of sharp spines in head or other parts of the body
Spines
127
Presence of toxic chemical to stung enemies or prey
Toxic substance
128
Two types of positive interaction of fishes
Shoaling or schooling and mutualism
129
What are the negative interactions of fish
Parasitism and Predation
130
Aggregation of pelagic fish
Shoaling or schooling
131
Both of the species or fishes benefit from the interation
Mutualism
132
This interaction concludes sucking of blood from the host of fish
Parasitism
133
The larger or carnivorous fishes attacking smaller fishes
Predation
134
It is the tapering portion of the fish body behind the base of the last ray of the anal fin.
Caudal peduncle
135
It is the process of receiving chemical stimuli from the environment when taste and smell are not distinctly identified.
Chemoreception
136
The basic sensory unit in the mechano-sensory lateral line system of fishes and amphibians.
Neuromast
137
This is the mechanism which analyzes the various sound stimuli received and being able to ignore the other sound sources relative to the sound to be perceived most.
Masking
138
It is the giant nerve-endings that connect the auditory nerve to the brain
Mauthner cells
139
It is the head has horny projections which suggests the popular notion of the devil and makes it unlike all other rays, the horns are used in capturing prey or driving it into its wide mouth.
Manta Ray
140
The kind of hermaphrodite where an organism where an organism is female first and sex change later into male.
Protogyny
141
The other name for cahetodonts or butterfly fish
Bristletooths
142
Represented by puffers, boxfishes and triggerfishes
Plectognaths
143
Referring to the large males of some parrotfish species with developed large prominent forehead.
Wrasseheads
144
Behavioral response of fishes to current which help young aquatic animals.
Rheotaxis
145
The term referring to fishes having no connection between inner ear and the swimbladder
Hearing generalist
146
Fishes of extraordinary shape and appearance, with usually big mouth, small or no eyes at all and sometimes carry with them a kind of luminous organ
Abyssal fishes
147
A certain species is confined to or occurring nowhere except in the place in question
Endemic
148
Cold blooded is also known as
Poikilothermic
149
Mouth is down-turned or on the bottom of the head which is use to feed off the bottom.
Inferior
150
The mouth is mostly ventral and use by bottom feeders
Subterminal
151
The position of the mouth is in the middle and at the end of the head
Terminal
152
The mouth is uptured or near the top of the head
Superior
153
What are the parts of the mouth that are usually visible?
Premaxillae and Maxillae
154
This organ are sensory structures which carry tactile and chemical receptors.
Barbels
155
Shape of fish which is torpedo-shaped
Fusiform
156
Markedly compressed laterally and common in not constantly moving but may be capable of quick burst of speed
Compressiform
157
Suit the fish for life on the bottom but the greatly flattended manta and eagle rays have adapted to a flight-like swimming above the bottom
Depressiform
158
It is eel-shaped and adapted to moving though cervices
Anguilliform
159
It is a thread-shaped or ribbon-like shape which is the largest part of the body is the head
Filiform
160
It is ribbon-shaped, eel like but compressed
Taeniform
161
Arrow-shaped
Sagittiform
162
Round-shape
Globiform
163
What are the other factors that help fish to sense with aside from seeing, smelling, touching, feeling and tasting.
Light, Chemicals, Vibrations and Electricity
164
This is the ability of the fish to have a very keen sense of vision which helps them to find food, shelter, mates and avoid predators
Photoreception
165
Fish eye lenses are perfectly __________.
Spherical
166
Fish eyes cannot _________ or contract their pupils since the lens bulges through the iris
Dilate
167
As the depth at which fish are found increases, the resident fish's eye size _______.
INCREASE in order to gather light.
168
TRUE OR FALSE. Nocturnal fish tend to have larger eyes than diurnal fish.
TRUE
169
It is the direction of a ray of light which is altered at the boundary of media having two different densities.
Refraction
170
It is very well developed in the fishes especially the sharks and eels which rely upon this to detect their prey. (Smell and Taste).
Chemoreception
171
It is the organ that could detect the chemicals
Olfactory rosette
172
Most of the fish can detect chemical level as low as _______.
1 part per billion
173
Fish do not have external ears, but __________________ readily transmit from the water through the fish's body to its internal ears.
Sound Vibrations
174
What are the two sections of the ears of fish
Pars superior and Utriculus
175
It is commonly referred to as "earstones" or fish ear bones.
Otoliths
176
This is knpwn as hard, calcium carbonate structures located directly behind the brain of teleost fish.
Otolith
177
It is also known for hearing and touching
Mechanoreceptor
178
It is kind of like a cross between hearing and touch.
Mechanoreceptor
179
It is the organ responsible for this sense, it is a cluster of hair cells which have their hairs linked in a globe of jelly known as cupula.
Neuromast
180
It gives fish directional input
Free neuromast
181
It receives signals stimulated in a sequence and gives the fish much more information
lateral line
182
Shark and ray posses a special organ for detecting electrical potential (voltage).
Electro reception
183
It is a set of pits comprise the electro receptive system called the ____________.
Ampullae's of Lorenzini
184
It is the sum of all the motor responses of the organism to all external and internal stimuli acting upon it.
Behavior
185
What are the principal aspects of fish behavior
Feeding behavior, Reproductive behavior and Other behaviors
186
It is the posture of fishes by reaction to gravity mediated through the membranous labyrinth and reaction to light.
Geotaxis
187
Reaction to light stimuli
Phototaxis
188
Reaction of organism in response to an electric field
Electrotaxis
189
The reaction of organisms in response to contact
Thygmotaxis
190
Reaction of organism to a water current
Rheotaxis
191
It is the reaction of organisms to chemical substances
Chemotaxis
192
It is the gatherings of fishes
Schools or Shoals
193
It refers to the home range is the area through which an individual habitually moved in its search for living requirements.
Territoriality
194
This is actively search for food over a large area
Pelagic predators
195
What are the 5 types of movements of fish
Horizontal, Vertical, Seasonal, Diurnal, Tidal
196
There is a change in distance but there is no change in depth
Horizontal movement
197
It is the common among fish that do not migrate
Vertical movement
198
It is dependent on the change in climate
Seasonal movement
199
It is the movement within a 24 hr period
Diurnal movement
200
It is the movement due to tidal change
Tidal movement
