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CF 222 Capture Fisheries > Fish Biology > Flashcards

Fish Biology Flashcards

1
Q

the science of life and life processes

A

Biology

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2
Q

the study of fishes as living organisms

A

Fish Biology

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3
Q

zoology specializing in the study of fishes

A

Ichthyology

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4
Q

What are the scopes of Ichthyology

A

Fish Taxonomy, Fish Anatomy, Fish Physiology, Fish Evolution and Genetics and Fish Ecology.

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5
Q

It is the science of biological classification of fishes.

A

Fish Taxonomy

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6
Q

It is the branch of Ichthyology dealing with the study of the shape and structure of fishes

A

Fish Anatomy

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7
Q

It is the study of the functions and organs and system in the body of fishes.

A

Fish physiology

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8
Q

The study of the origin o fishes and the sequence and manner in which modern fishes evolved from previous ones and the mechanisms which changes have come about.

A

Fish evolution and genetics

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9
Q

What are the two approaches of ecology?

A

Autecology and Synecology

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10
Q

Study of the interrelationships among communities of

organisms and with their environment

A

Synecology

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11
Q

Study of the relationships between a singles species and its environment

A

Autecology

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12
Q

Study of individual and social behaviors of fishes

A

Fish ethology

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13
Q

Wise use and management of fish resources

A

Fish conservation

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14
Q

A cold-blooded animal living in water, typically with backbone, breathing air dissolved in water by means of gills, propelling and balancing itself by means of limbs modified into fins where skin is either naked or generally covered with scales.

A

Fish

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15
Q

Biological Features of Fish

A

a) how fishes live in the aquatic environment
b) how fishes sense its surroundings
c) how fishes breath
d) how fishes eat
e) how fishes excrete wastes
f) how fishes reproduce
g) how fishes grow.

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16
Q

Biological Features of Fish

A

a) how fishes live in the aquatic environment
b) how fishes sense its surroundings
c) how fishes’ breath
d) how fishes eat
e) how fishes excrete wastes
f) how fishes reproduce
g) how fishes grow.

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17
Q

About how many species of vertebrates are there?

A

20,000 about 48.1% of 41,600

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18
Q

What are the external features of Fish?

A

Body Forms, Body Coverings, Sensory Organs, Appendages, Spines, Lures and Coloration

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19
Q

It is the most ideal form of shape of fish which is a torpedo-shaped.

A

Fusiform

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20
Q

A shape of fish which is flattened laterally.

A

Compressiform

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21
Q

A shape of fish which is flat dorsoventrally.

A

Depressiform

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22
Q

Shape of fish which is ribbon-like.

A

Filiform

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23
Q

Shape of fish which is snake-like

A

Anguiliform

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24
Q

Shape of Fish which is Balloon-like.

A

Globiform

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25
Q

Shape of fish which is Box-like.

A

Boxiform

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26
Q

What are the different shape of Fish?

A

Fusiform (torpedo like), Compressiform (flat laterlly), Depressiform (flat dorsoventrally), Anguilliform (Snake-like), Filliform (Ribbon-like), Taeiniform, Boxiform (like a box), and Globiform (Balloon Like).

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27
Q

This is what you call a body coverings without scales.

A

Naked

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28
Q

What are the scales that is known as overlapping and thin.

A

Dermal Scales

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29
Q

What are the 4 types of Dermal Scales

A

Cycloid, Ctenoid, Ganoid, Placoid

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30
Q

This scale is no spines and exposed to the hind part.

A

Cycloid

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31
Q

This scale haves tiny spines in the exposed hind part.

A

Ctenoid

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32
Q

This scale has bony and capped with ganoin or a hard, glassy, enamel-like substances.

A

Ganoid

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33
Q

This scale is minute, with backward - pointing spine covered by enamel and a basal plate of dentine in the dermis.

A

Placoid

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34
Q

What are the modifications of Body Covering

A

Corselet and Scutes

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35
Q

The two types of body coverings

A

Keels and Slimy Covering

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36
Q

This is a body covering having hard bones found in the caudal peduncle

A

Keels

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37
Q

This body covering is like a mucous secretions to prevent abrasions which is commonly found in the eels.

A

Slimy covering

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38
Q

What are the types of Appendages/Fins

A

Caudal Fin, Pelvic Fin, Dorsal Fin, Pectoral fin and Anal Fin.

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39
Q

This fin is median and unpaired

A

Caudal fin

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40
Q

What are the three types of caudal fin

A

Heterocercal, Homocercal and Diphycercal

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41
Q

This type of caudal fin tends to extends to the tip and is bent upward.

A

Heterocercal

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42
Q

This type of caudal fin do not extend to the tip.

A

Homocercal

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43
Q

This type of caudal fin extends to the tip but is not bent upward.

A

Diphycercal

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44
Q

The tapering potion of the fish body behind the base of the last ray of the anal fin

A

Caudal Peduncle

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45
Q

What are the different types by forms?

A

Forked
Rounded
Emarginate
Lunate
Pointed

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46
Q

This fin is paired, may unite to form a sucking disk.

A

Pelvic or ventral fin

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47
Q

This fin is a median and unpaired.

A

Dorsal Fin

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48
Q

This fin is behind the operculum; lateral and paired

A

Pectoral fin

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49
Q

It if found below the anus; median and unpaired

A

Anal fin

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50
Q

This sensory organs having the characteristics that it doesn’t have lids and others see color and some dont.

A

Eyes

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51
Q

This creates chemoreception having sense of smell for dissolved materials.

A

Nostrils

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52
Q

This organ can use for balancing rather than sound detection

A

Ears

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53
Q

It is found at the ear which is a kind of bone that could determine the exact age of the fish using its rings

A

Otolith

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54
Q

This is the slender canal with many openings to the surface where it responds to the low-frequency pressure stimuli in the surrounding water.

A

Lateral Line

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55
Q

This could be use for defense against enemies like predators

A

Spines

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56
Q

This is used by a lot of predators in order to attract prey.

A

Lures

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57
Q

This is the distinct colors or markings that is used for camouflage.

A

Coloration

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58
Q

What are the two types of skeleton?

A

Cartilaginous (Sharks and Rays) and Bony (Ray-finned fishes)

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59
Q

What are the different types of muscles?

A

White muscle and Dark muscle

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60
Q

This muscle is used for sustained swimming

A

Dark muscle

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61
Q

This muscle is used for burst swimming

A

white muscle

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62
Q

What are the different swimming locomotion

A

Active swimming and passive swimming

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63
Q

This type of swimming locomotion is a wig-wag - type and dolphin -type.

A

Active swimming

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64
Q

This kind of swimming locomotion is like the Remoras in the back of the sharks.

A

Passive Swimming

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65
Q

What are the three types of non-swimming locomotion

A

Leaping
Soaring
Crawling
Burrowing

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66
Q

It is the long distance movement

A

Migration

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67
Q

Another term for residential

A

Territorial

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68
Q

Another term for migratory fishes

A

schooling

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69
Q

What are the different types of migratory fishes

A

Oceanodromous, limnodromous, diadromous

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70
Q

Migration of fish from marine to freshwaters

A

Anadromous

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71
Q

Migration of fish from freshwater to marine

A

Catadromous

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72
Q

Equal upper and lower jaw

A

Terminal

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73
Q

shorter upper jaw

A

superior

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74
Q

shorter lower jaw

A

inferior

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75
Q

elongate and sharp

A

subterminal

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76
Q

pertains to the mouth

A

buccal

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77
Q

Hyoid Apparatus

A

Formed by pieces of bones supporting tongue

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78
Q

Pointed and Sharp (ex. Barracudas)

A

caniniform

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79
Q

Flat and not sharp

A

Molariform

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80
Q

Minute and many

A

Villiform

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81
Q

United to form one teeth.

A

Modifications (beak-like)

82
Q

TRUE or FALSE. Fish do have taste buds

A

TRUE

83
Q

TRUE or FALSE. Digestive tract of fish is similar to other vertebrates.

A

True

84
Q

Prefer both plants and animals

A

Omnivourous

85
Q

Eat on dead animals

A

Scavengers

86
Q

It fed on detritus

A

Detritivores

87
Q

Tooth exerting high stress on prey. Followed by short conical, teeth in a single row. Capable of puncturing.

A

Front-fanged

88
Q

Teeth exerting high stress on prey. Not for capturing

A

Back-fanged

89
Q

Teeth exerting moderate stress on prey. Capture and hold prey.

A

edentulate and villiform morphotypes

90
Q

Seize their prey with the jaws

A

seizers

91
Q

Suck food in by expanding the mouth

A

Suckers

92
Q

Strain organisms from the water

A

Strainers

93
Q

Engulfing the prey by sudden opening

A

Engulfers

94
Q

Prefer animal food

A

Carnivores

95
Q

Prefer plant food

A

Herbivores

96
Q

Separate sexes

A

Bisexual

96
Q

Male and female show distinct characteristics

A

Sexual demorphism

97
Q

Male and Female show distinct characteristics

A

Sexual dimorphism

98
Q

Sexes are not separate

A

Hermaphroditic

99
Q

Sex change dependent on some factors

A

Sex reversal

100
Q

Presence of modified organ for copulation

A

Internal Fertilization

101
Q

Eggs and sperms are laid in the environment.

A

External Fertilization

102
Q

An enlarged anal fin modified as a copulatory organ

A

Gonopodium

103
Q

What are the types of source of nutrition for fish during reproduction

A

Oviparous, Viviparous, Ovoviviparous

104
Q

Lay eggs

A

Oviparous

105
Q

Give birth to young, mother source of nutrition

A

Viviparous

106
Q

Give birth to young, yolk source of nutrition

A

Ovoviviparous

107
Q

Planktonic; dispersed to greater distance

A

Eggs and Larvae

108
Q

Capable of swimming; move to preferred habitats

A

Fry and Fingerlings

109
Q

Look for food and spawn when mature

A

Adults

110
Q

High fecundity; do not care for the young

A

Non-guarders

111
Q

Low fecundity; give care and attention to the young

A

Guarders

112
Q

Hide in mouth or pouch

A

Brooders

113
Q

Build nest

A

Nesters

114
Q

Condition in which different fishes differ notably in character or proportions of body

A

Dimorphism

115
Q

Breathing organ; exchange of O2 and CO2 occur

A

Gills

116
Q

Help in suction or forcing of water to the gills

A

Gill slits and operculum

117
Q

Protect gills against hard particles

A

Gill rakers

118
Q

Store gases like 02, N2, CO2 hydrostatic organ for floating

A

Swim Bladder

119
Q

Serve as aid in respiration; serve as a sense organ and sound production

A

Swim Bladder

120
Q

The accessory organ for air breathing in the form of a series of intricate wide passages found in air-breathing fishes

A

Labyrinthine organ

121
Q

The chains of small bones developed in connection wit the modified anterior vertebrae and connecting the air-bladder with the ear.

A

Weberian apparatus

122
Q

The ability to maintain in the body a reasonably constant proportion of salt and water

A

Osmoregulation

123
Q

The salt content is higher in the body; their body absorbs water from the environment, so they do not drink water.

A

Freshwater fishes

124
Q

Salt content is higher in the body; their body absorbs water from the environment, so they do not drink water.

A

Freshwater fishes

125
Q

The salt content is lower in the body; since their body losses water to the environment, they drink large quantities of seawater and eliminate the excess salts.

A

Marine fishes

126
Q

Presence of sharp spines in head or other parts of the body

A

Spines

127
Q

Presence of toxic chemical to stung enemies or prey

A

Toxic substance

128
Q

Two types of positive interaction of fishes

A

Shoaling or schooling and mutualism

129
Q

What are the negative interactions of fish

A

Parasitism and Predation

130
Q

Aggregation of pelagic fish

A

Shoaling or schooling

131
Q

Both of the species or fishes benefit from the interation

A

Mutualism

132
Q

This interaction concludes sucking of blood from the host of fish

A

Parasitism

133
Q

The larger or carnivorous fishes attacking smaller fishes

A

Predation

134
Q

It is the tapering portion of the fish body behind the base of the last ray of the anal fin.

A

Caudal peduncle

135
Q

It is the process of receiving chemical stimuli from the environment when taste and smell are not distinctly identified.

A

Chemoreception

136
Q

The basic sensory unit in the mechano-sensory lateral line system of fishes and amphibians.

A

Neuromast

137
Q

This is the mechanism which analyzes the various sound stimuli received and being able to ignore the other sound sources relative to the sound to be perceived most.

A

Masking

138
Q

It is the giant nerve-endings that connect the auditory nerve to the brain

A

Mauthner cells

139
Q

It is the head has horny projections which suggests the popular notion of the devil and makes it unlike all other rays, the horns are used in capturing prey or driving it into its wide mouth.

A

Manta Ray

140
Q

The kind of hermaphrodite where an organism where an organism is female first and sex change later into male.

A

Protogyny

141
Q

The other name for cahetodonts or butterfly fish

A

Bristletooths

142
Q

Represented by puffers, boxfishes and triggerfishes

A

Plectognaths

143
Q

Referring to the large males of some parrotfish species with developed large prominent forehead.

A

Wrasseheads

144
Q

Behavioral response of fishes to current which help young aquatic animals.

A

Rheotaxis

145
Q

The term referring to fishes having no connection between inner ear and the swimbladder

A

Hearing generalist

146
Q

Fishes of extraordinary shape and appearance, with usually big mouth, small or no eyes at all and sometimes carry with them a kind of luminous organ

A

Abyssal fishes

147
Q

A certain species is confined to or occurring nowhere except in the place in question

A

Endemic

148
Q

Cold blooded is also known as

A

Poikilothermic

149
Q

Mouth is down-turned or on the bottom of the head which is use to feed off the bottom.

A

Inferior

150
Q

The mouth is mostly ventral and use by bottom feeders

A

Subterminal

151
Q

The position of the mouth is in the middle and at the end of the head

A

Terminal

152
Q

The mouth is uptured or near the top of the head

A

Superior

153
Q

What are the parts of the mouth that are usually visible?

A

Premaxillae and Maxillae

154
Q

This organ are sensory structures which carry tactile and chemical receptors.

A

Barbels

155
Q

Shape of fish which is torpedo-shaped

A

Fusiform

156
Q

Markedly compressed laterally and common in not constantly moving but may be capable of quick burst of speed

A

Compressiform

157
Q

Suit the fish for life on the bottom but the greatly flattended manta and eagle rays have adapted to a flight-like swimming above the bottom

A

Depressiform

158
Q

It is eel-shaped and adapted to moving though cervices

A

Anguilliform

159
Q

It is a thread-shaped or ribbon-like shape which is the largest part of the body is the head

A

Filiform

160
Q

It is ribbon-shaped, eel like but compressed

A

Taeniform

161
Q

Arrow-shaped

A

Sagittiform

162
Q

Round-shape

A

Globiform

163
Q

What are the other factors that help fish to sense with aside from seeing, smelling, touching, feeling and tasting.

A

Light, Chemicals, Vibrations and Electricity

164
Q

This is the ability of the fish to have a very keen sense of vision which helps them to find food, shelter, mates and avoid predators

A

Photoreception

165
Q

Fish eye lenses are perfectly __________.

A

Spherical

166
Q

Fish eyes cannot _________ or contract their pupils since the lens bulges through the iris

A

Dilate

167
Q

As the depth at which fish are found increases, the resident fish’s eye size _______.

A

INCREASE in order to gather light.

168
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. Nocturnal fish tend to have larger eyes than diurnal fish.

A

TRUE

169
Q

It is the direction of a ray of light which is altered at the boundary of media having two different densities.

A

Refraction

170
Q

It is very well developed in the fishes especially the sharks and eels which rely upon this to detect their prey. (Smell and Taste).

A

Chemoreception

171
Q

It is the organ that could detect the chemicals

A

Olfactory rosette

172
Q

Most of the fish can detect chemical level as low as _______.

A

1 part per billion

173
Q

Fish do not have external ears, but __________________ readily transmit from the water through the fish’s body to its internal ears.

A

Sound Vibrations

174
Q

What are the two sections of the ears of fish

A

Pars superior and Utriculus

175
Q

It is commonly referred to as “earstones” or fish ear bones.

A

Otoliths

176
Q

This is knpwn as hard, calcium carbonate structures located directly behind the brain of teleost fish.

A

Otolith

177
Q

It is also known for hearing and touching

A

Mechanoreceptor

178
Q

It is kind of like a cross between hearing and touch.

A

Mechanoreceptor

179
Q

It is the organ responsible for this sense, it is a cluster of hair cells which have their hairs linked in a globe of jelly known as cupula.

A

Neuromast

180
Q

It gives fish directional input

A

Free neuromast

181
Q

It receives signals stimulated in a sequence and gives the fish much more information

A

lateral line

182
Q

Shark and ray posses a special organ for detecting electrical potential (voltage).

A

Electro reception

183
Q

It is a set of pits comprise the electro receptive system called the ____________.

A

Ampullae’s of Lorenzini

184
Q

It is the sum of all the motor responses of the organism to all external and internal stimuli acting upon it.

A

Behavior

185
Q

What are the principal aspects of fish behavior

A

Feeding behavior, Reproductive behavior and Other behaviors

186
Q

It is the posture of fishes by reaction to gravity mediated through the membranous labyrinth and reaction to light.

A

Geotaxis

187
Q

Reaction to light stimuli

A

Phototaxis

188
Q

Reaction of organism in response to an electric field

A

Electrotaxis

189
Q

The reaction of organisms in response to contact

A

Thygmotaxis

190
Q

Reaction of organism to a water current

A

Rheotaxis

191
Q

It is the reaction of organisms to chemical substances

A

Chemotaxis

192
Q

It is the gatherings of fishes

A

Schools or Shoals

193
Q

It refers to the home range is the area through which an individual habitually moved in its search for living requirements.

A

Territoriality

194
Q

This is actively search for food over a large area

A

Pelagic predators

195
Q

What are the 5 types of movements of fish

A

Horizontal, Vertical, Seasonal, Diurnal, Tidal

196
Q

There is a change in distance but there is no change in depth

A

Horizontal movement

197
Q

It is the common among fish that do not migrate

A

Vertical movement

198
Q

It is dependent on the change in climate

A

Seasonal movement

199
Q

It is the movement within a 24 hr period

A

Diurnal movement

200
Q

It is the movement due to tidal change

A

Tidal movement

CF 222 Capture Fisheries (2 decks)

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