fish

Question 1

what organ gives gas exchange in fish

Answer 1

gills

Question 2

what are gills

Answer 2

respiratory surface

Question 3

use of water density with gills

Answer 3

prevents gills from collapsing on each other which would reduce surface area

Question 4

what are gills made up of

Answer 4

numerous infolds

Question 5

what are the 2 types of fish

Answer 5

bony
cartilaginous

Question 6

properties of cartilage

Answer 6

tough and flexible

Question 7

examples of cartilaginous fish

Answer 7

sharks / rays

Question 8

how many gill slits do cartilaginous fish have

Answer 8

at least 5 slits and gills on each side

Question 9

step by step of how gills work

Answer 9

1 - water enters through the mouth
2- forced over gills as floor of mouth rises

Question 10

blood flow in gill capillary in cartilaginous

Answer 10

same direction as sea water - paralel flow

Question 11

effectiveness of paralel blood flow

Answer 11

relitavley ineffective

Question 12

what are gills in bony fish covered with

Answer 12

operculum

Question 13

in what fish are the operculum

Answer 13

bony

Question 14

what is the operculum

Answer 14

flap that covers the gills

Question 15

blood flow in bony fish

Answer 15

counter current flow

Question 16

how many gills in bony fish

Answer 16

4 pairs of gills

Question 17

what are gills supported by in bony fish

Answer 17

gill arch

Question 18

what are each gill arch made up of

Answer 18

gill filaments

Question 19

what are the lamella

Answer 19

respiratory surface

Question 20

where is the lamella

Answer 20

on filaments

Question 21

what do lamella include

Answer 21

blood capillaries

Question 22

stage 1 of ventilation of the gills

Answer 22

mouth opens and buccal cavity lowered
pressure decreases, volume increases
water pulled into buccal cavity due to change in pressure

Question 23

stage 2 of ventilation of the gillsv

Answer 23

mouth closes and buccal cavity contracts raising floor of buccal cavity

water forced across gills

Question 24

stage 3 of ventilation of the gills

Answer 24

pressure in gill cavity increases and forces the operculum open

water leaves

Question 25

which way does water flow between lamellae

Answer 25

opposite direction to the blood flow in the gill capillaries

Question 26

how does counter current flow increase efficiency of diffusion

Answer 26

maintaing a steep concentration gradient across the whole gill filament

Question 27

what does the counter current flow actually mean in reality

Answer 27

blood always meets water with relatively high oxygen content

Question 28

counter current flow on graph

Answer 28

2 lines which are paralel from bottom up

Question 29

paralel flow on graph

Answer 29

one at top one at bottom and meets in middle like a funnel