fish Flashcards
how do you tell the difference between male and female fish
females have a moon shaped slip wheras the male does not
how do fish reproduce
the majority of fish reproduce sexially via sperm produces from testes in the male and ova produces from ovareies in the female
what does hermaphrodites mean
have both testies and ovaries
what does parthenogenesis mean?
when the female egg develops into a new individual without fusing with sperm cells (asexial)
what does male gonad mean
testes
describe male gonad
two elongated organs in which body cavity either side of the kidneys which increases in size with sexial maturity
what does milt mean?
sperm secreation of fish
what does epididymis mean
stores mature sperm
what are seminiferous tubules
are in the testes amd converts serm cells to spermatozoa and release sperm outside the body to fertilise eggs
what is the female gonad
ovaries
what does oviduct mean
carry ova from the ovaries to outside the fish body
superior mouth
the lower jaw is larger than the upper jaw.
usually feed at the surface
what do fish with superior mouths eat
feed on insects and other fish with swim near the surface
they lie and wait for prey above them and strike from below
terminal mouth
most common mouth shape among fish
both jaws are the same length
what do terminal mouthed fish eat
often omnivours
eat on the move
inferior mouths
also called sub-terminal or ventrical mouths
lower jaw is smaller than upper jaw
what do inferior mouther fish eat
bottom feeders ofetn eating alge of of the floor and walls of tank
prostrusible mouth
allows fish to extend and reach in attempt in snach prey
elongated mouth
snout allows fish to poke into crevises and holes
what do elongated mouthed fish eat
scoops up insecs and particles
beaked mouths
two hard peices that are hindges and come together like scissors which allows them to crush hard shells of invertibrates
describe a carnivour fish
an animals that primarly eats meat
sharks
describe a herbivour fish
aniamls that eat plants
clownfish
describe omniboir fish
eats both plants and meat
gold fish
decribe insectivour fish
eats insects
rainbow fish
describe a browser feeder
type of hurbivour
browsing in algae
opertunic feeders
describe a surface feeder
feeds on the surface of the water
eats from the top section of the water
describe a mid water feeder
feeds on things in the middle of the water
describe a substrate feeder
eats substrate
live in or around there food
describe a fitler feeders
fiteres the food through special stractures befor eating
what are the advantage and disadvantages of scatter feeding
advantage :gets them moving
disadvantage: cannot measure exactly how much eat fish has eaten
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what are the advantage and disadvantages of hand feeding
advantage :
disadvantage
what are the advantage and disadvantages of drip feeding
advantage :
disadvantage
what are the advantage and disadvantages of freequency feeding
advantage :
disadvantage
what chemilcal do fish produce as a waste product
amonia which coverts to nitro which converts to nitrogen
what does
what is an endoparacite
a paracite inside the body
what is an ectoparacite
a paracite outside the body
how to prevent fish gwtting disease
if water quality is maintained, stress is avoided, diseases rarly occur
describe fungal disease
fungal diseases are often a secondry infectionsof an open wound or damaged scales.
what could wounds or damaged scales be caused by
aggression
handeling
paracite infection
infection
ulceration
name the types of fish diseases
parasidic
bacterial
viral
fungal
name one diease from each
Paracidic
bactarial
viral
fungal
other
gill flukes
cloudy eye
lympgocytis
body fungus
pop eye
what are symptoms of a bacterials diseasesin fish
lethatrgic swimming
loss of apitite
patches of skin ulceration
what are causes of bacterial disease in fish
poor water quality
inpropper diet
build up of waste
how to prevent bacterial diseases in fish
avoid over crowding
use fish flakes within a month
keep tank clean
describe Furuculosis
bacterial disease
found mainly in salmon and trout
no human health risk
traeated with antibiotics
hemorrages on the skin, mouth and fin bases
describe cotton mouth
caused by bacteria
an infection will usually first manifest in fish by causing frayed and ragges fins
ulceration of the skin
treated with antibiotics
describe vibrosis
caused by bacteria
haemorrhage to intestines, body cavity, spleen and muscles
treated with antibiotics –
describe mycobacteria
Fish TB
caused by bacteria
wasting away
loss of body condition
skin ulcers
no effective treatment
prevention via quarenteen
bacterial gill disease
caused by diesase
highly contagiouse
fusing together of gil filaments
causes resptiory isues
fin/ tail Rot
bacterial but sometimes with secodry fungal disease
caused by poor water conditions and stress
a water based treatment or inproving the enviroment
describe Dropsy
a build up of fluid inside the body cavity or tissues
signs: swelling abdomen
eyes that are beginnin to swell and bulge
describe Ichthyophthirius multifillis
known as ICK
causes an increased respitory rate and ulcers on skin
treated with antibiotics
describe Digenea
Paraciyes which live on more than one host to complete their life cycle
describe monogenea
small parasitic flatworms mainly found on skin or gills of fish.
causes open irritated wounds
antibiotics
Costia
An parasite which caiseing grey spots and is ichy
what are the three categories when it comes to the classification of fish
cartilaginous fish
jawless fish
bony fish
describe cartilaginous fish
have true bones and possess a skeleton made up of cartilage
only the teeth are certified
includes sharks, skates and rays
describe jawless fish
jaws are absent
no paired fins
bony scales
have gill pouches
filter feeding mouths
have no stomach
describe bony fish
have bony skeletons and numerous vertebrae
paired fins
have jaws
have a swim bladder
