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ABSITE Studying > Fiser Chapter 3: Blood Products > Flashcards

Fiser Chapter 3: Blood Products Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 blood products do not carry the risk of HIV and hepatitis? Why is this?

A

Albumin; serum globulins

They are heat treated

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2
Q

For what is donated blood screened?

A

HIV; HBV; HCV; HTLC; syphilis, West Nile Virus

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3
Q

These special populations benefit from CMV-negative blood.

A
  • Low birthweight
  • Bone marrow transplant
  • Transplant patients
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4
Q

Universal blood donor

A

Type O

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5
Q

Should females of childbearing age receive Rh-positive or Rh-negative blood?

A

Rh Negative

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6
Q

Stored blood is high or low in 2,3 BPG. This causes a left or right shift in the Oxy-Hgb dissociation curve?

A

Low in 2,3-DPG; causes a left shift (increased affinity for oxygen)

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7
Q

Difference between type and screen and type and crossmatch

A

Type and screen: ABO compatibility and looks for pre-formed Ab’s to minor Ag

Type and cross: determines ABO compatibility

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8
Q

1U PRBC should raise Hgb by…

A

1

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9
Q

1 six-pack of platelets should raise platelet count by…

A

50,000

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10
Q

Issue with transfusing cold blood

A

Poor clotting can be caused by cold products or cold body temperature (coagulopathy 2/2 slowed enzyme reactions); patient should be warmed to clot correctly

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11
Q

T/F Dilutional thrombocytopenia and dilution of coagulation factors can occur with massive transfusion

A

True

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12
Q

What relative electrolyte deficiency is associated with massive transfusion? Why is this the case?

A

Hypocalcemia; poor clotting (required for clotting cascade); can also cause hypotension
- Citrate used in stored blood binds to Ca after transfusion and causes hypocalcemia

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13
Q

Most common bacterial contaminant of transfused blood.

A

GNR’s; usually E. coli

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14
Q

Most common blood product that is associated with contamination. Why is this?

A

Platelets because they are not refrigerated

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15
Q

What disease (aside from major infectious diseases) can be transmitted with blood transfusion?

A

Chagas’ disease

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16
Q

There are 3 possible hemolytic reactions to blood: acute, delayed, non-immune. Describe them.

A

Acute: ABOi (Type 2 hypersensitivity). Back pain, chills, tachycardia, fever, hemoglobunuria. ATN, DIC, shock. Haptoblogin < 50; increase in unconjugated bilirubin. Can present as diffuse bleeding in anesthetized patients

Delayed: mild jaundice; antibody-mediated against minor antigens from donor. Observation

Non-immunie: from squeezed blood; IVF and diuretics

17
Q

Acute hemolytic reaction from ABOi blood transufsion is what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type 2

18
Q

Most common transfusion reaction and treatment.

A

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction; usually recipient Ab reaction against donor WBC’s (cytokines).

Treatment: discontinue transfusion; use WBC filters for subsequent transfusions

19
Q

Can urticaria result from blood transfusion? How do you treat it?

A

Yes; recipients antibodies against donor plasma proteins (i.e. peanuts) or IgA in an IgA-deficient patient

Tx: Benadryl, supportive care

20
Q

Can anaphylaxis result from blood transfusion?

A

Yes: bronchospasm, hypotension, angioedema, urticaria.

Recipient Ab vs. donor IgA in IgA deficient recipient
- Can be an airway emergency; Epi, IVF, pressors, steroids, benadryl

21
Q

What is TRALI?

A

Transfusion-related ALI; caused by donor Ab to recipient WBC’s; clot in pulmonary capillaries

  • Leads to non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in < 6 hours and ARDS
  • Most common cause of death from transfusion reaction
22
Q

Most common cause of death from transfusion reaction

A

TRALI

23
Q

Describe the type of transfusion reaction:

  1. Recipient Ab - donor WBC
  2. Recipient Ab - donor plasma proteins or donor IgA
  3. Recipient Ab- donor IgA
  4. Donor Ab- recipient WBC
A
  1. Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
  2. Urticaria
  3. Anaphylaxis
  4. TRALI

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