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GI drugs > first year GI drugs > Flashcards

first year GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

A

antacids

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2
Q

MoA of antacids

A

neutralisations of stomach acid

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3
Q

what are antacids used to treat

A

GORD, dyspepsia

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4
Q

what is omeprazole

A

PPI

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5
Q

what is the MoA of PPI

A

inactive at neutral pH but become active in cannalcuilus, block available/ active pumps preventing pumping of hydrogen

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6
Q

side effect of aluminium hydroxide

A

constipation

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7
Q

side effect of magnesium hydroxide

A

diarrhoea

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8
Q

uses of PPI

A

GORD, peptic ulcer, Zollinger-ellison syndrome, H pylori eradication

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9
Q

side effects of PPI

A

constipation, diarrhoea, headache

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10
Q

what is ranitidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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11
Q

what is the MoA of H2 receptor antagonists

A

block the action of histamine from enterochromaffin like cells leading to decreased HCL production

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12
Q

uses of H2RA

A

dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, GORD

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13
Q

side effects of H2RA

A

hypotension, headache, diarrhoea/constipation

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14
Q

what are sucralfate and bismuth chealate

A

mucosal strengthens

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15
Q

when is sucralfate used.

A

GORD

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16
Q

SE of sucralfate

A

constipation

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17
Q

bismuth chelate use

A

ulcers

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18
Q

what are loperamide and codeine

A

anti motility drugs

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19
Q

what are antimotility drugs

A

morphine like/opiate based

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20
Q

what are uses of anti motility drugs

A

diarrhoea

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21
Q

SE of antimotility drugs

A

drowsiness, constipation and urinary retention

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22
Q

what does loperamide do

A

decreased peristalsis and segmentation -> constipation

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23
Q

what does codeine do

A

sphincter constriction and increased fluid absorption

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24
Q

what are sulfasaline and mesalazine

A

5ASAs

25
Q

what are 5ASAs

A

anti inflammatory drug

26
Q

what is the MoA of 5ASAs

A

derived from salicylic acid and through to trap free radicals

27
Q

uses of 5ASAs

A

UC

28
Q

SE of 5ASAs

A

diarrhoea, nausea, cramps

29
Q

what are prednisolone and budesonide

A

corticosteroids

30
Q

what are corticosteroids used

A

UC, hepatitis, crohns

31
Q

what is methylcellulose

A

a bulk forming laxative

32
Q

what is bisacodyl

A

a stimulant laxative

33
Q

what is decorate sodium

A

a faecal softening laxative

34
Q

what is magnesium sulphate/hydroxide

A

osmotic laxative

35
Q

when are laxatives used

A

when straining is detrimental to health, painful defecation, clear bowel before surgery, drug-induced constipation, constipation in elderly or bedridden

36
Q

when is pancreatin used

A

reduced pancreatic secretions, CF, and pancreatitis

37
Q

what is thiamine called

A

vitamin B1

38
Q

wear inhibits thiamine absorption

A

alcohol

39
Q

what does metroclopramide do

A

increases gastric emptying

40
Q

when is metroclopramide used

A

GORD, gastroparesis

41
Q

SE of metroclopramide

A

dizziness and drowsiness

42
Q

what are 5HT2RA

A

serotonin receptor antagonists

43
Q

what is ondansetron

A

5HT3RA

44
Q

MoA ondansetron

A

blocks 5HT3 receptors which are prevalent in chemorecpetor trigger zone

45
Q

uses of ondansetron

A

chemotherapy, radiotherapy and post operative induced emesis

46
Q

SE of ondansetron

A

headaches, constipation

47
Q

what is cyclizine

A

histamine H2 antagonist

48
Q

MoA of histamine antagonists

A

blockade of H1 receptors in nucleus tracts solitaires and vestibular nuclei

49
Q

uses of histamine antagonists

A

acute labyrinthitis and motion sickness

50
Q

SE of histamine antagonists

A

drowsiness

51
Q

what is domperidone and metoclopramide

A

dopamine receptor antagonists

52
Q

MOA of dopamine receptor antagonists

A

block dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone and increase gastric motility (pro kinetic effect) Increases lower oesophageal sphincter tone, gastric emptying and duodenal peristalsis

53
Q

uses of dopamine receptor antagonists

A

drug induced vomiting, vomiting in GI disorders, GORD, gastroparesis

54
Q

SE of dopamine receptor antagonists

A

drowsiness, physiological disturbances and acid GI obstruction

55
Q

what is nabilore

A

cannabinoids

56
Q

MoA of cannabinoids

A

decreases effects of emesis triggers on chemoreceptor triggering zone in the medulla

57
Q

uses of nabilore

A

in patients undergoing chemotherapy who are unresponsive to other antiemetic drugs

58
Q

SE of nabilore

A

drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, mood changes

GI drugs (2 decks)

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