First Year Flashcards
What are the 5P’s of defib safety
Playtex
Piercing
Pendants
Pacemaker
Patches
What are the shockable rhythm during cardiac arrest
PVT -pulseless tachycardia
VF- Ventricular fibrillation
What are normal heart rate
**BONUS point **WHAT ABNORMAL
Normal = 60-100bpm
Tachycardia = 100+BPM
Bradycardia = 60 or less
Absolute bradycardia = less than 40
What are normal oxygen saturation
***Bonus points **” what is normal for patients with COPD
Normal = 94% +
COPD = 88-92
How to manage a active seizure
(A-E approach)
A - airway (look + clear - suction + secure (OPA/ npa)
B- rr ( 15L 02 ) - sat not reliable when active seizures - prolonged + tolerating OPA = ? pop in igel ( ETCO2)
C - pulse and cap refill ( BP+ 12 lead when possible)
D- GCS ( give time for them to respond) + BM + TEMP + rashes + head injury assessment + pupils
T- time seizure = drugs
What is the brudzinski sign for
And how to do it 🚨🚨🚨🚨🚨
1) meningitis
Flex the neck causes knee flexion
Works as this causes compression on the neck (spinal cord) therefore protective mechanism
What is the glass test 🚨🚨🚨
1) meningitis test
2) roll glass or press on it if it disappears then less likely it’s septic otherwise it’s meningitis sign
How do you place a 3 lead ECG dots
Ride your green bike
Red - arm(right)
Yellow - arm (left)
Green - leg (left)
Black (right leg)
What is the lead placement for a 12 lead ECG
V1- 4th intercostal (right sternal boarder)
V2- 4th intercostal (left boarder)
V3- between 2nd and 4th
V4- 5th intercostal mid clavic
V5- 5th intercostal armpit line (end clavic)
V6- 5th intercostal mid axillary line
What are the lead views on a 12 lead ECG
Lateral - L1 avl v5 V6
Inferior - L2, L3 avf
Septal - v1, V2
Anterior- v3, v4
Non - avr
What is PPCI Criteria for STEMI🚨🚨🚨
Limb lead - 2+ lead with elevation in 1 small box plus
Chest lead - 2+ lead with elevation in 2 small boxes plus
What are the basic test for a stroke
Fast
F - face ( droop )
A- arms ( strength - weakness)
Speech - ( slurred)
T- time ( onset) - 5 hour window
Within 5 hour alert to stroke centre 🚨🚨
How does a paramedic test for a posterior stroke
AVVV
A - Ataxia ( your finger to there nose)
V- vomiting
V - vertigo ( dizziness)
V - vision deficit
In a cardiac arrest what is required for effective CPR
Rate - 100 to 120 BPM
Depth - 5/6 cm or 1/3 of chest
Placement - middle of chest
In BLS what is the cpr to breath ratio and for how many rounds ( adult)
30:2
5 rounds
In BLS what are the primary interventions required for a child in cardiac arrest
Airway : neutral alignment in small child
5 initial rescue breath - reassess
15 compression to 2 breaths
10 rounds
What is the minimum joules of electricity need for paediatric in cardiac arrest
4 Joules per kg
What are the indicators for an OPA
2) how to size and insert
3) contraindications
Bonus point - how to insert in kids
1) airway obstruction
2) from insisors to angle of jaw - insert rotate locate
3) gag reflex
Bonus point - drop it in, don’t rotate and locate it - will push tongue to block airway
What are the indicator for NPA
2) sizing and insertion
3) contraindications
1) airway compromise and can’t give opa
2) nostril to tragus of ear or standard size 6/7 - right nostril insert and rotate ( avoid pushing against resistance )
3) not tolerating or basal fractures
What are the indicators for a BVM
Respiratory rate above 30 or below 10
What are shockable rhythm in cardiac arrest
Pvt
Vf
What are non shockable rhythm in cardiac arrest
Asystole
Pea
When do you start CPR in children
Heart rate below 60 BPM
What are BM reading ( temp)
1) normal
2) high
3) low
1) 4.0- 7.0/8.0
2) 8+
3) -4.0
What are respiratory rates
1) 12 -20
When is the normal pupil dilation size
2-6mm
What are the two different types of choking
Severe a mild
Severe there will be no talking or active coughing treatment: 5 black flows followed by five abdominal thrust
Mild encourage coughing
What is the airway ladder
Head tilt chin lift
Jaw thrust
Opa
Npa
Igel
Cric
Et
What are the contraindications for a draw thrust
Broken jaw
What are the contraindications for a head tilt gin lift
C spine issue
What are the indications contradictations and sizing for an IGEL
Obstructed airway
Gag reflex
Based on weight - 4/5 standard size
Where are the placements for 12 lead ECG
V 1 - 4th r border
V2 - 4th l border
V3 - 5th mid 2 and 4
V4 5th mic clavic
V5 - 5th armpit crease
V6 - 5th mid axilla
What is axtaxia
Problem with cerebellum
Coordination problems and or balance give task question or gait
What is GCS - speech, moter, eyes
4e spontaneous
3e to speech
2e to pain
1e no response
5v - relevant
4v - irrelevant
3v words
2v - sounds
1v - respond
6a - obay commands
5a - locerlises pain
4a - flex to pain
3a abnormal flextion
2a - abnormal extension
1a - no response
How to take an assessment for cardiac assessment (Year 1)
I - hands ( tar staining colour, pacemaker
P - bilateral radial uses
P - N/A
A- n/a
Respiratory assessment ( first year )
I - chest bruising, barrel chest, accessory muscle rise and fall, tripoding
P- equal chest rise and fall
P- sounds
A - auscultate - wheeze, crackle stidor
Abdominal assessment ( first year )
I - ssbhcj ( scaring bruising, hernia., jaundice, Cullen sign, swelling
P- hypo/ hyper/ normoresinase
Palpation - any abnormal masses - rigidity, tenderness, condition Pacific test
A- bowel sounds
What is the joules you have to shock at for a Peds cardiac arrest
4j per kg
When can you confirm Pediatric /child cardiac arrest
No signs of life
No heart rate - pulse
Or heart rate below 60bpm
What is the CPR to ventilation during cardiac arrest and how many rounds
Bonus points what’s it for a pediatric
30:2 - 5 rounds
15:2 - 10 rounds
What is the CPR to ventilation during cardiac arrest and how many rounds
Bonus points what’s it for a pediatric
30:2 - 5 rounds
15:2 - 10 rounds
How do you run a pediatric cardiac arrest BLS
Confirm cardiac arrest - no pulse or below 60bpm
5 ventilation - reassess
Pads on - see the rhythm and respond appropriately
Start CPR 15:2 - 10 rounds
What is the concepts of CCC as part of the chain of survival in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Confirm cardiopulmonary arrest
Call for back up
Start CPR
Why should you not do CPR to fast or slow
Fast = reduced heart filling time = limited blood flow
Slow = reduced overall pressure gained ( limit CPR gaps to less than 5 seconds)
Why should you not do CPR to fast or slow
Fast = reduced heart filling time = limited blood flow
Slow = reduced overall pressure gained ( limit CPR gaps to less than 5 seconds)
What is agonal breathing seen in some PT before cardiac arrest
Irregular gasped breathing = attempts from brain stem to try to Oxygen = this is not compatible with life check ABC = start CPR
