first world war Flashcards
who was assassinated in the immediate cause of the First World War? when why and by who?
immediate cause 1/5
archduke Francis Ferdinand the heir to the throne of Austria-hungary was assassinated at Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia on June 28, 1914. the assassination was organised by a secret society called black hand or union of death formed by extremist Serbian nationalists whose aim was to unite all Serbians into a single Serbian state.
what did Austria do to Serbia after the assassination of archduke Francis Ferdinand?
immediate cause 2/5
Austria served an ultimatum on Serbia on July 23 making 11 demands. Serbia accepted most of the demands except those that would have led to the loss of her sovereignty.
what wars were declared after Austria’s ultimatum?
immediate cause 3/5
austria declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914. Russia started preparation for war to support Serbia. on august 1, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia, and on august 3, on france. German troops marched into Belgium to press on to france on august 4 and on the same day Britain declared war on Germany.
“many other countries soon entered the war” explain
immediate cause 4/5
many other countries soon entered the war. Japan declared war on Germany to capture German colonies in the Far East. turkey and Bulgaria joined on the side of Germany. Italy remained neutral for some time but joined war against Germany in 1915 breaking the triple alliance.
how did the triple alliance break?
Italy, a part of the triple alliance remained neutral for some time but joined war against Germany in 1915 breaking the triple alliance.
what were all the powers and fronts fighting in the war?
immediate cause 5/5
britain, france, Russia and their allies were called the allied powers; while Germany, Austria and their allies were called the central powers. the war Wass fought in many different areas called fronts. there was a western front between Germany and northern france and an eastern front between Germany and the Russian forces. there was fighting at sea and in the Middle East, where the allied powers attacked the Ottoman Empire.
what roused anti German feelings in the USA? entry of usa 1/3
in 1915, the German u boats had sunk a British ship Luisitania. among the 1153 passengers killed, 128 were Americans. the germans were generally sympathetic to britain, and this incident further roused anti German feelings in the USA.
what was the role of the allied powers in the entry of usa in the war? why did this fear usa? entry of usa 2/3
the allied powers had raised vast amounts of loans in the usa to pay for their arms and other goods bought by them. therefore, the usa feared that if Germany won the war, she would become a serious rival to the USA.
when did USA declare war on Germany? entry of usa 3/3
6 April, 1917.
explain exit of Russia
Another major development that took place in 1917 was the withdrawal of Russia from the War after the October Revolution. The Russian Empire had suffered serious reverses in the War.
Over 600,000 Russian soldiers were killed. The day after the Bolshevik Government came to power under the leadership of Lenin, it issued the Decree on Peace with proposals to end the War without any annexations and indemnities.
what was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918): Russia signed a peace treaty with Germany in March 1918, known as the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Germany imposed harsh terms on Russia and the Russian government accepted them.
What events marked the final stages of World War I, leading to the collapse of Germany and its allies, and the signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918? end of war 1/3
Britain, France and the USA launched a military offensive in July 1918 and Germany and her allies began to collapse. Political discontent Stalensing in Austria-Hungary and Germany. Bulgaria withdrew from the War in September and Turkey surrendered in October.
The emperor of Austria-Hungary surrendered on 3rd November. In Germany a revolution broke out. Germany became a republic and the German emperor Kaiser WilliamIl fled to Holland. The new German government signed an armistice on November 11, 1918.
What were the human costs of World War I in terms of the number of participants, casualties, and the impact on civilian populations? end of war 2/3
The number of persons who fought in the War vary between 53 and 70 million people. The total number of those killed and dead in the War are estimated at about nine million, that is, about one-seventh of those who participated in it. Several million became invalids. The air raids, epidemics and famines killed many more among the civilian populations.
What were the economic and social consequences of World War I, and how did the war contribute to the global economic depression of 1929-30? end of war3/3
Besides these terrible human losses, the economy of many countries was shattered. The global economic depression of 1929-30 is attributed to this War. It gave rise to many serious social problems.According to some estimates the expenditure on the Allied side was nearly forty-one thousand million pounds and that on the German side over fifteen thousand million pounds.
What was the Treaty of Versailles, and how was it negotiated by the Allies after World War I? Who were the key leaders involved, and which countries were excluded from the conference?
The Treaty of Versailles (June 28,1919):
The victorious powers or the Allies, met in a conference first in Versailles, a suburb of
The First World War
Paris, and later in Paris, between January and June 1919. Though the number of countries represented at the conference was 27, the terms of the peace treaties were really decided by Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States, Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain, and George Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France.
The defeated countries were not represented at the conference. The victorious powers also excluded Russia from the conference.
