Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HS2801 > FIRST WEEK READINGS: CH 1,2,4 > Flashcards

FIRST WEEK READINGS: CH 1,2,4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of health defined by WHO

A

a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not only the absence of disease or infirmity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define determinants of health

A

factors that influence the health status of an individual or a population, eg: biological, behavioural, social, environmental, political, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define health research

A

the investigation of health and disease or any of the factors that contribute to the presence or absence of physical, mental and social health among individuals or populations. it encompasses both clinical and population health research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define medicine

A

practice of preventing, diagnosing, and treating health problem in individuals and families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define clinician

A

a medican professional who provides direct care to patients or clients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define clinical research

A

finds the best ways to prevent, diagnose and treat adverse health issues that adversely affect individuals and families.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clinical research vs basic medical research

A

clinical research generally uses humans as the unit of investigation whereas basic medical research studies molecules, genes, cells and other smaller biological components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define translational research

A

bridges basic research and clinical research by applying scientific discoveries to the improvement of clinical outcomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the aim of translational medicine?

A

to move research from the bench (labratory) to the bedside (clinical care settings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define population health

A

focuses on health outcomes and determinants of health in groups of humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

methods used for clinical and population health research studies?

A

social science fields, such as: psychology, sociology, anthropology and economics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define research

A

process of systemically and carefully investigating a topic in order to discover new insights of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the research process?

A
  1. identifying the study question
  2. select study approach
  3. design study and collect data
  4. analyze data
  5. report findings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to identify a good study question

A
  • using all perspectives and experiences
  • using who, what, when, where and why
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define brainstorm

A

process of generating long lists of spontaneous ideas about possible research questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define concept mapping

A

a visual method for listing ideas and grouping them together to reveal relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define keyword

A

a word, or a MeSH term or a short phrase that is used in a database search. these words are potentially used a study foci within the major area of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MeSH full form

A

medical subject heading.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define exposure

A

a personal characteristic, behaviour, environmental encounter or intervention that might change the likelihood of developing a health condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define risk factor

A

an exposure that increases an individual’s likelihood of subsequently experiencing a particular disease or outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define protective factor

A

an exposure that reduce’s an individual’s likelihood subsequently experiencing a particular disease or outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

non modifiable risk factor

A

a risk factor for a disease that cannot be changed through health interventions. eg. age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

modifiable risk factor

A

a risk factor for a disease that can be avoided or mitigated. finding the modifiable risk factor enables effective preventive interventions to be developed

24
Q

What are the three levels of prevention address modifiable risk factors at different stages

A
  1. primary prevention
  2. secondary prevention
  3. tertiary prevention
25
Q

define primary prevention

A

combining health behaviours and other protective actions that help avoid an adverse health event to individuals who don’t have it already. eg, seatbelts, nutritious diets, etc

26
Q

define Secondary Prevention

A

detection of health problems is asymptomatic individuals at an early stage when the conditions have not yet caused significant damage to the body and can be treated easier. eg: cancer screening, blood pressure checks and routine hearing and eye tests.

27
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

interventions that reduce impairment, minimize pain and suffering and prevent death in people with symptomatic health problems. eg. rehabilitation, palliative care, medications and surgery

28
Q

define disease

A

a presence of signs or symptoms of poor health

29
Q

define disorder

A

a functional impairment that may or may not be characterized by measurable, structural or physiological changes. in the edp framework, disease encompasses diseases, disorders, injuries and other health conditions and outcomes. and outcome of disease is usually mortality

30
Q

define mortality

A

death

31
Q

define morbidity

A

nonfatal illness

32
Q

define comorbidity

A

two or more adverse health conditions occurring at the same time

33
Q

define population

A

a group of individuals, communities or organizations

34
Q

what are the 3 separate lists that final set of keywords are divided into?

A
  1. One for exposures or interventions”
  2. One for diseases or other outcomes
  3. One for specific populations”
35
Q

PICOT

A
  1. problem, patients or population that is being studied
  2. intervention that is tested
  3. what will the intervention be compared to
  4. what is the outcome
  5. time frame for follow up
36
Q

define inquiry

A

process of finding answers to questions that arise from personal experiences.

37
Q

is inquiry the same as research?

A

no, but it can grow into research projects

38
Q

define testability

A

ability of a research question to be answered using experiments or other types of measurements

39
Q

what is a good research question

A

one that ends with a question mark and is testable

40
Q

define generality

A

ability for research findings to be applicable to more than one population

41
Q

what are the 4 key questions to refine the study question

A
  1. What is the one well-defined research question that the study will answer?
  2. What specific aims, objectives, or hypotheses will enable the key question to be answered?
  3. Would a conceptual framework be helpful for guiding the design, analysis, and interpretation of the study and its results?
  4. Is the proposed study feasible? Is there a high likelihood that the research team will be able to answer the study’s main research question?
42
Q

define study goal

A

describes single objective or the main question that a research project seeks to answer

43
Q

how many specific aims do most studies in Health Sci have

A

2-4 specific aims with three the most typical number

44
Q

define specific aim

A

a described action that will help the researcher make progress towards the goal

45
Q

define hypothesis

A

an informed assumption about the likely outcome of a well-designed investigation that can be tested using scientific methods. usually uses an if-then statement

Hypotheses should be falsifiable and written in neutral, unbiased language that allows the aim to be achieved no matter what the outcome of the experiment is.

46
Q

what are the 2 common ways to write specific aims for a research?

A

sequential and independent

47
Q

define sequential approach/objective

A

a list of action in chronlogical order to achieve the main goal.

48
Q

independent approach.

A
  • the specific aims are related but are independent of one another. If one objective cannot be achieved, it is still possible to successfully complete the other objectives.
49
Q

What are the characteristics of a good goal statement

A

Specific
Measurable
Attainable and Achievable
Relevant
Timely

SMART

50
Q

Conceptual framework meaning

A

a model that a researcher sketches using boxes and arrows to illustrate the various relationships that will be evaluated during a study

51
Q

Theoretical framework meaning

A

a set of established models that can inform the components and flows of the conceptual framework for a new research study

52
Q

Health belief model meaning

A

The Health Belief Model (HBM) says that changing health behaviors depends on how much you think you could get sick, how bad it would be, how much you think changing would help, what’s stopping you, any reminders to act, and how confident you are. If you use HBM in a study, you might try to make people aware of disease risks and how bad they are, teach them how to prevent it, and help them overcome obstacles to healthy habits. Then, you’d collect info on who they are and what they believe and do before and after. You’d analyze this data using HBM to see why the intervention worked or didn’t for different groups in the study.

53
Q

social ecological model meaning

A

The social ecological model says that health and health behaviors depend on the social environment, including individual, social relationships, organizations, communities, and policies. In a study using this model, we’ll try to change health behaviors by addressing these different levels, like individual risks, relationships, and policies. We’ll collect data on individuals, relationships, and community factors to guide the intervention. Choosing a theoretic model early in the study can also shape the study’s goals.

54
Q

FEASIBILITY

A

is an evaluation of the likelihood that a task can be completed with the time, money, technology, and other resources that are available for the activity

55
Q

what does FINER stand for

A

it is used to see if the research is viable:

Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant

56
Q
A

HS2801 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions