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ABA SAFEMEDS > First Week > Flashcards

First Week Flashcards

1
Q

Abolishing operation

A

Temporarily decreases the value of a stimulus

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2
Q

Abcissa

A

Horizontal or x-axis

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3
Q

Analytic

A

Evaluate functional relationships

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4
Q

Antecedent

A

Stimulus (change) that precedes behavior

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5
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis

A

Science that is used to improve behavior of social significance

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6
Q

Avoidance

A

Response prevents/postpones presence of an aversive stimulus

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7
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

Founder of the science of behavior

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8
Q

Backward chaining

A

Teach last step of a task analysis first

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9
Q

Baseline

A

Independent variable not yet implemented

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10
Q

Behavior

A

Anything a person does that can be observed and measured

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11
Q

Behaviorism

A

Scientific approach to the study of behavior

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12
Q

Chaining

A

Teach steps of a complex behavior

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13
Q

Conditioned reflex

A

Response occurs in the presence of a conditioned stimulus

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14
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Neutral stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus; elicits response

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15
Q

Consequence

A

Stimulus (change) that follows behavior

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16
Q

Contingency

A

If-then Relationship

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17
Q

Culture

A

All conditions, events, stimuli arranged by others to regulate human action

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18
Q

Dependent variable

A

Effect, measured

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19
Q

Deprivation

A

Withholding stimulus temporarily increases reinforcer effectiveness

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20
Q

Determinism

A

Lawful

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21
Q

Differential reinforcement

A

Reinforcer delivered for a class of responses but not for others

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22
Q

Discriminative stimulus

A

Stimulus signals reinforcer is available

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23
Q

Duration

A

Measure total time response occurs

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24
Q

Empiricism

A

Events as objectively observed, described and measured

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25
Q

Environment

A

All stimuli that affect behavior

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26
Q

Establishing Operation (EO)

A

Temporarily increases the value of a stimulus

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27
Q

Escape

A

Response terminates aversive stimulus

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28
Q

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

A

Scientific examination of the principles of behavior

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29
Q

Extinction

A

Response occurs, reinforcer does not follow, R-S relation weakens

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30
Q

Fixed interval (FI)

A

Reinforcer is delivered for the first correct response after a passage of time

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31
Q

Fixed ratio (FR)

A

Reinforcer is delivered after a specific number of responses

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32
Q

Forward chaining

A

Teach first step of a task analysis first

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33
Q

Four term contingency

A

MO-A-B-C

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34
Q

Frequency

A

The count

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35
Q

Functional relation

A

One event dependent upon another

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36
Q

Functional response class

A

Responses look different but have the same effect

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37
Q

Generalization

A

Response occurs in the presence of similar stimuli

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38
Q

Imitation

A

Copy modeled response

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39
Q

Independent variable

A

Cause, manipulated

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40
Q

Inter-observer agreement (IOA)

A

Two observers independently observe, record and agree on the occurrence of a response

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41
Q

Inter-response time (IRT)

A

Time between two consecutive responses

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42
Q

Interval recording

A

Record if response occurs during a period of time

43
Q

Intervention

A

Application of a procedure to change a target behavior

44
Q

Latency

A

Time from onset of stimulus to initiating response

45
Q

limited hold

A

window of opportunity for reinforcement after FI or VI

46
Q

Modeling

A

Demonstrate desired behavior

47
Q

Momentary time sample

A

Record the presence or absence of a response at an exact moment in time

48
Q

Motivating operations

A

Alters the effectiveness of a stimulus and changes the frequency of behavior

49
Q

Negative punishment

A

Stimulus removed after a response, rate of behavior decreases

50
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Stimulus is removed after a response, rate of behavior increases

51
Q

Operant behavior

A

Behavior learned through consequences

52
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Consequence immediately follows response and changes R-S relation

53
Q

Ordinate

A

Vertical or y-axis

54
Q

Parsimony

A

Rule out simple, logical explanations first

55
Q

Pavlov

A

Studied respondent conditioning

56
Q

Permanent product

A

The physical outcome of behavior

57
Q

Philosophical doubt

A

Question everything

58
Q

Philosophical assumptions of behavior analysis

A

Determinism, empericism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, philosophic doubt

59
Q

Positive punishment

A

Stimulus added after a response, rate of behavior decreases

60
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Stimulus added after a response, rate of behavior increases

61
Q

Preference assessment

A

Identify and rank stimuli as affective reinforcers

62
Q

Premack principle

A

High-probability behavior is contingent upon low-probability behavior

63
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

Stimuli needed to survive

64
Q

Punishment

A

Consequence immediately follows a response, weakens R-S relation

65
Q

Radical behaviorism

A

The study of human behavior including thoughts and feelings

66
Q

Rate

A

Ratio = response/time

67
Q

Ratio strain

A

Schedule of reinforcement is to lean to maintain behavior

68
Q

Reflex

A

Respondent behavior; unlearned S-R relation

69
Q

Reinforcement

A

Consequence immediately follows a response, strengthens R-S relation

70
Q

Reinforcer

A

Stimulus presented, increases future probability of behavior

71
Q

Reliability

A

Repeated measures yield same values

72
Q

Respondent behavior

A

Reflex; innate; involuntary; species specific

73
Q

Respondent conditioning

A

Pair neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus

74
Q

Response

A

An instance of behavior

75
Q

Response class

A

A group of similar behaviors (topographical or functional)

76
Q

Satiation

A

Value of reinforcer decreases due to repeated presentation

77
Q

Shaping

A

Series of approximations toward a terminal behavior

78
Q

Stimulus (stimuli)

A

Environmental event that can affect behavior

79
Q

Stimulus class

A

A group of stimuli that share a common elements

80
Q

Stimulus control

A

Antecedent stimulus alters dimensions of behavior

81
Q

Task analysis

A

Breaking a complex skill into smaller teachable units

82
Q

Technological

A

Procedures are precisely defined

83
Q

Temporal extent

A

Behavior occupies time

84
Q

Temporal locus

A

Behavior occurs at a point in time

85
Q

Thinning

A

Fading the schedule of reinforcement

86
Q

Three term contingency

A

S-r-s; a-b-c

87
Q

Topographical response class

A

Responses look the same but have a different effect

88
Q

Topography

A

Physical shape or form of behavior

89
Q

Variable interval (VI)

A

Reinforcer delivered for first response after a varying amount of time

90
Q

Variable ratio (VR)

A

Reinforcer delivered for a varying number of responses

91
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Stimulus elicits a response without prior learning

92
Q

Post hoc

A

After the fact explanation

93
Q

Pragmatism

A

Truth assessed in terms of the success of practical application

94
Q

Contextual psychology

A

Study of organisms interacting in and with a historical and current situational context

95
Q

Functional contextualism

A

Gold to predict and influence psychological events with precision, scope, and depth

96
Q

Prosociality

A

The values, attitudes, and behaviors that benefit individuals and those around them

97
Q

Coercion

A

Control behavior by (A) punishment or threat of punishment or (B) removal of Aversive Stimuli

98
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Stimulus is removed by some response and the rate of that response increases

99
Q

Psychological flexibility

A

Contact with present moment as conscious human being and work toward chosen values

100
Q

Mindfulness

A

Paying attention to the present moment with openness, curiosity, and flexibility

101
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Stimulus is added by some response and the rate of that response increasesr

102
Q

Behavioral cusp

A

Learned behavior that exposes person to new reinforcers

103
Q

Pivotal behavior

A

Behavior produces corresponding modifications in untrained behaviors

104
Q

Target behavior

A

Specific behavior selected for change

ABA SAFEMEDS (1 decks)

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