First Test Flashcards
To be happy
What makes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance work?
Carbon 13
What is group 15 called?
Pnictogens
What is group 16 called?
Chalcogens
What is the Born-Oppenheimer approximation?
Electrons move so much faster than the nucleus that we can choose to ignore it when calculating
How do we calculate the energy emitted from an electron when it drops energy level?
E= R ((1/Ni^2)-(1/Nf^2))
What equation is used when calculating the energy of a certain bond? ej Carbonyl expressed in cm-1
E= CvHv (Change speed of light to cm-1)
What does the Schrodinger equation describe and the equation for it?
A partial differential equation that describes the change of the wavefunction of a physical system changes over time
What letter signifies quantum numbers and what does it stand for?
N describes the principal energy level of an electron
What is the solution to the 3D Schrodinger equation?
Electron orbitals
What is the Azimuthal number and how is it found?
The Azimuthal number is found by either the dictation of the orbital or N-1. The Azimuthal number, signified by l, tells us what orbital the electron is located in
What does the magnetic magnetic quuantum number reveal?
The orientation of the orbital and the electron found within
What does Psi and Psi squared stand for?
Psi signifiies the wavefunction of a physical system while Psi ^ 2 signifies the probability of electron being present.
What are all possible orientations for D orbitals?
dz^2 , 2x^2-y^2, dxy, dxz, dyz
What are all possible orientations for p orbitals?
px,py,pz
What does ungerade and gerade mean?
If the straight line that goes through the inversion center goes from phased to unphased then it ungerade. If the phases stay the same then it is gerade.
What does the magnetic spin symbolize?
The magnetic spin signifies the direction of the spin of the electron
What is the radial function?
The radial function described the distance away from the nucleus
If the radial function goes from positive to negative what occurs? When it equals 0?
If a radial function goes from positive to negative it creates a node. The radial probability going to zero will create a node. A node signifies a place where psi^2 is equal to 0. The phase of the orbital changes from phase to unphased when the solution to the radial wave function changes sign.
Total number of nodes
N-1
Radial nodes
N-l-1
Angular nodes
l
How do you depict angular node in your head?
Where the nodes are located, kind of like a plane of reflection
How do you picture a radial node in your head?
Those are just the balloons, or if science serves when the solution to the radial functions changes from positive to negative and changes phases.
T,A,R
Total= n-1
A=l
R=n-l-1
Aufbau Principle
Dictates the arrangement of the energy levels that configure the lowest energy state possible
Pauli Exclusion
Dictates that electrons can’t have the same four quantum numbers/have the same spin
Hunds
Gotta fill up that orbital first
What are some exceptions when creating the electron configuration of transition metals?
The predicted orbitals are not the same. Electrons in s shell move into the d shell. Remove electrons in S first
Nomenclature, what does the suffix -ic and -ous mean?
-ic means the higher, while ous means the lower. (icky like vicky, so higher)
When considering shielding parameter, what are some mistakes you’ve made in the past? What is the correct way to do it?
Previously I’ve counted electrons in the d orbitals to have the value of .85 rather than 1. Only when considering electrons in the S and P orbital do we consider the electrons to shield at .85.
What is the formula for shielding parameter? What electrons count in the shielding?
Z- Sigma and electrons to the left of the desired. Electrons must be order by quantum number. D and F seperate
What causes the lanthanide contraction?
In the 3rd row of the transition metal the f shell is filled before the d shell. Because of this the poor shielding electron cause the electrons in the partially filled d orbital to feel more nuclear charge.
What are the steps when creating lewis dot structures?
1) calculate the amount of valence electrons
2) Place most electro positive atom in the middle. Connect with the rest of the atoms.
3) Complete octects and place remaining valence in the central atoms
4) Calculate formal charge
How is formal charge calculated?
Valence electrons - [1/2 bonding- non-bonding]
What are the names for the 3 electron bonding domain?
Trigonal planar, and Bent
What are the names for the 4 electron bonding domain?
Tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, and bent
What are the names for the 5 electron bonding domain?
trigonal bypyramidal, seesaw, T-shape, and bent
What are the names for the 6 electron bonding domains
Octrahedral,square pyramidal, square planer, seesaw, t-shape, bent
When creating a geometric representation where are the most electronegative atoms placed
In the equitorial position. This is called Bents law. The atoms placed in the equatorial position are further away from the electrons.
Identiy
All molecules have identiy
Cn
The totation axis with the most substituent in a plane
Sigma
Plane of reflection, Horizontal, vertical, dihedral (Run along the principal rotation axis and are perpendicular to the c2)
Inversion
C2 and then Sigma H
Improper rotation
Cn then Sigma H
