First Test Flashcards
Genocide
Killing a large group of people, in whole or in part, with the intent to destroy.
Two components to the word Genocide
Geno, referring to tribe/ nation
Cide, referring to killing
Groups of people being killed
Raphael Lemkin
A Polish Jew, who created the term “Genocide”, that was not used until the mid 1900’s.
The four protected groups
National, racial, ethnic, and religious
Two other acts, that are NOT killing
Causing serious bodily or mental harm
Forcing people to be transported
“as such” ?
The whole list, “such as” would be some of the many, “as such” is all of them
Year of the U.N. convention
1948
National Sovereignty
The ability for states to do things for themselves, such as laws, taxes, war, etc.
Intent vs, Motive
Intent is purposefully doing something
Motive is a secret reason for doing something
Namas (Hottentots)
Smaller group, similar to Herero, language with clicking
The dessert into which the Herero were driven
The Kalahari Dessert
Lothar van Trotha
Saw negotiation as weak, wanted to destroy the Herero
Primary basis of economy for Herero and Nama
Cattle
Shark Island
Bot really an island, more just rock ground that the Herero and Nama were forced on as a concentration camp
Beginning and end of the Second Reich
1871-1918
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
The Germans were given South-West Africa, now Namibia, as a colony. It was to have Germans increase living space
Theodor Leutwein
Believed in negotiating treaties with the tribes regarding ownership of the land, this went again the German belief of them being the superior race
Lebensraum
The territory that a nation believes is needed for natural development
Two reasons the Herero rebelled
Leutwein was not there at the moment, the girls were being rapped, some even to death, and the heavy loss of their land
The humiliation that Germans suffered, causing the genocide
When Trotha was gone, the Herero rebelled and launched their first attack, writhing a few days everything the Germans built was attacked; over 100 Germans were killed
Leutwein‘s way of dealing with the Herero
He tried to bargain with them to get their land, but they needed the land for their cattle based economy
Battle of Waterberg
Aug. 11-12, 1904
Fried rich von Lindequist
Governor of German South-West Africa
Hamidian Massacres
The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was obsessed with the Armenians, and killed about 250,000 Armenians
Significance of the Hamidian Massacres to the Armenian Genocide
The hate toward the Christian Armenians from the Turks was always there, for years
Significance of the Battle of Gallipoli
Churchill planned to attack Constantinople, but could not get through with his ships due to the Turks having the high ground
Balkan Wars
The Ottoman Empire lost much of it’s land, and blamed the Armenians for it
Two Axis countries during WWI
Turkey and Germany allied, to go against Russia
Pan-Turkism
Turkey needed cultural unification
Mustafa Kemal
President of Turkey during the Armenian Genocide
Pan-Turanism
Turkey needed geographical unification
Three reforms promised by the Young Turks
- Everyone will be equal
- Free exercise of religion
- Everyone gains a free education
Battle of Sarikamish
Turkey and Russia had a battle, and Russia won, resulting in the Turks blaming Armenians for the loss
Two allies during WWI
USA, and Russia
Committee of Union and Progress (CUP)
The group the Young Turks belonged to
Two other Christian groups that weren’t Armenians
Assyrians and Greeks
Der Zor
Armenians were forced to death marches from where they lived to Der Zor, which was far south
Henry Morgenthau
USA ambassador who spoke against the Armenian Genocide
The three leaders of the Armenian Genocide
Talaat, Enver, and Djemal
How WWI made it easier to kill the Armenians
It was easier for them to cover it up, by stating it was losses due to the war
April 24, 1915
The Armenian Genocide officially began
