First Test

Question 1

What are the 7 characteristics of Renaissance art?

Answer 1

1. Realism and expression
2. perspective
3. classicism
4. emphasis on individualism
5. geometric arrangement
6. light and shadowing/ softening edges
7. artists were celebrities

Question 2

Who was Filippo Brunelleschi?

Answer 2

Dome in Florence

Question 3

Donatello

Answer 3

Bronze David sculpture

Question 4

Leonardo DaVinci

Answer 4

Renaissance man
Mona Lisa
Last supper

Question 5

Michelangelo

Answer 5

David in marble
Sistine chapel
St. Peter’s basilica

Question 6

Raphael

Answer 6

Madonnas

School of Athens

Question 7

Boticelli

Answer 7

Birth of Venus

Mythology

Question 8

What is unique to the northern Renaissance?

Answer 8

Influenced by south, much more diverse backgrounds, more devoted to religious reforms, more willing to write for the masses, used vernacular language

Question 9

Erasmus

Answer 9

Prince of the humanists
Wanted to translate bible in to vernacular
People could teach themselves with the scripture (solascriptura)
Stay away from priests not God

Question 10

Thomas Moore

Answer 10

Described a utopia

Question 11

Albrecht Dürer

Answer 11

German Leonardo
Painted and engraved
Spread Renaissance through works and writings

Question 12

Jan and Hubert Van Eyck

Answer 12

Flemish painters
Oil paints
Realistic and detailed paintings of townspeople and religious scenes

Question 13

Pieter Brugel

Answer 13

Vibrant colors to portray peasant life, non religious

Question 14

Simony

Answer 14

Buying church offices

Question 15

Pluralism

Answer 15

Holding more than one church office

Question 16

Nepotism

Answer 16

Awarding posts to friends or relatives

Question 17

Temporal punishment

Answer 17

Confess to a priest

Make amends for your sins

Question 18

Who started the society of Jesus?

Answer 18

Ignatius Loyola

Question 19

Who was the society of Jesus? What was the goal?

Answer 19

Jesuits, shape individual to help church “teach the teachers”

Question 20

Who primarily dominated the council of Trent?

Answer 20

Italians

Question 21

How long was the council of Trent together?

Answer 21

18 years over the course of 4 popes

Question 22

What did the council of Trent reform?

Answer 22

Selling indulgences=X
Bishops sent to live where they rule and must be present in their dioceses (ended pluralism)
Parish priests had to dress better, be educated and celibate, active in parish
Seminary in every dioceses

Question 23

What did the council of Trent reaffirm?

Answer 23

Scholastic education of clergy
Good works needed for salvation
Tradition is important
There were 7 sacraments
Transubstantiation
Clerical celibacy
Important to pray to saints and Virgin Mary 
Pray to relics and sacred images
Granted letters of indulgences, not for sale

Question 24

Who did pope Paul try to kick out after the council of Trent?

Answer 24

Protestants

Question 25

What is the index of prohibited books? Why?

Answer 25

List of books deemed unfit for people because of the religious “errors”

Question 26

What did the famine of 1315-1317 cause?

Answer 26

Starvation, poverty, susceptibility to disease, death

Question 27

What caused the famine?

Answer 27

Climate change=failed crops for three years, too many kids born before, farming all of the arable land

Question 28

Describe the feudal system and the issues with it

Answer 28

Kings
Nobility
Knights
Peasants

People questioned church authority but not God

Royals got a certain amount of peasants food even if the peasants couldn’t live off of remaining supplies