First Test

Question 1

Pre-Civilization-

Answer 1

early tribal groups attributed disturbed behaviour to evil spirits

Question 2

Ancient Civilizations

Answer 2

philosophers were first to identify conditions that are now regarded as mental illness (phobias,
depression and mania)

Question 3

The Middle Ages-

Answer 3

Catholic Church- demonology predominated as an explanation for abnormal behaviour and mental illness;
Malleus Maleficarium(The Hammer of the Witches)- a treatise of the Catholic Church drafted to identify, interrogate, and
punish those believed to be witches in the late 1400’s

Question 4

The Renaissance-

Answer 4

introduced the physical confinement of ”lunatics”; conditions of the hospital were far from helpful- it was
known as a place of suffering and misery and reasons for hospitalizations were questionable

Question 5

The Age of Enlightenment

Answer 5

practices of hospitals and the government were being challenged

Question 6

First Nation

Answer 6

(Iroquois and Huron)-Considered mental issues as an indication of an individual who had lost his/her equilibrium
with the cosmos; believed dreams were unfulfilled desires that needed to be satisfied to rid evil spirits

Question 7

Lobotomies

Answer 7

Physicians concluded that surgery to intentionally sever the frontal lobes from the rest of the brain may be
beneficial for patients with mental illnesses; 1936- first lobotomy conducted in the US and soon became the main choice of
treatment for mental illness

Question 8

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Answer 8

1938- A brief electrical pulse to the scalp while the patient is under anesthesia. This pulse excites
the brain cells causing them to fire in unison and produces a seizure.

Question 9

Psychiatric Hospitals

Answer 9

Many patients were forced against their own will- all that was required was the presence of mental
illness and a recommendation for treatment; Conditions were often deplorable

Question 10

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 10

1970’s- enactment of anti-discrimination and civil rights laws; sought to eliminate involuntary
hospitalizations unless absolutely necessary and to ensure better conditions

Question 11

Psychopharmacology

Answer 11

The use of these drugs enabled patients to rely less on permanent care at a psychiatric hospital; Mood
Drugs- created to regulate emotional disorders, as research leaned the link between neurotransmitters in the brain and
mental illness

Question 12

STIGMA

Answer 12

A mark or sign of disgrace or discredit; a visible sign or characteristic of disease
- The Concise Oxford Dictionary

A distinguishing mark or characteristic of a bad or objectionable kind; a sign of some specific disorder, as hysteria; a
mark made upon the skin by burning with a hot iron, as a token of infamy or subjection; a brand; a mark or disgrace
or infamy; a sign of severe censure or condemnation, regarded as impressed on a person or thing
-The Shorter Oxford Dictionary

Question 13

Public stigma

Answer 13

Occurs when members of the general public take negative action against individuals with mental
illness

Question 14

The dangerousness stereotype

Answer 14

Misperception that contributes to the stigma of mental illness is that that people
with an illness are inherently violent

Question 15

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

Answer 15

depressive mood almost every day, fatigue, recurrent thoughts of death

Question 16

DYSTHYMIA

Answer 16

less severe than MDD but longer lasting symptoms, low energy, self-esteem, chronic depression

Question 17

POST PARTUM DEPRESSION

Answer 17

Blues, Depression, Psychosis (increases in severity)

Question 18

BI-POLAR DISORDER

Answer 18

experiences periods of depression and elevated mood (hypomania); impulsivity during
mania, self-harm and substance use during depression

Question 19

SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER (SOCIAL PHOBIA)

Answer 19

fear of social situations

Question 20

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER-

Answer 20

need to repeatedly check things, perform routines or think thoughts repeatedly

Question 21

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

Answer 21

excessive and often irrational worry about events or activities

Question 22

PANIC DISORDER

Answer 22

presence of recurrent, unexpected panic attacks

Question 23

AGORAPHOBIA

Answer 23

anxiety about or avoidance of places or situations that may be difficult to escape

Question 24

PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER

Answer 24

constant distrust of others and suspicion that people have sinister
motives

Question 25

SCHIZOPHRENIA-

Answer 25

characterized by abnormal social behaviour and failure to understand what is real

Question 26

SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER-

Answer 26

characterized by lack of interest in social relationships, often cold,
lacks empathy, does not experience delusions or hallucinations

Question 27

SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DIS0RDER-

Answer 27

characterized by severe anxiety, paranoia, unconventional beliefs,
delusions and hallucinations

Question 28

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 28

pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking;
extreme “drama queens

Question 29

Borderline Personality Disorder-

Answer 29

“black and white thinking”; experiences intense and
unstable moods that shift quickly; impulsive

Question 30

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 30

possesses a sense of entitlement and inflated self-worth

Question 31

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 31

disregard for the rights of others; violent, manipulative; lacks
remorse

Question 32

Dependent Personality Disorder

Answer 32

subordination of one’s own needs to those of others, feels
helpless when alone, fears of inability to care for oneself, fear of abandonment

Question 33

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Answer 33

feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to criticism;
avoidance of social situations despite desire to be close to others

Question 34

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 34

experiences the presence of two or more distinct personalities
accompanied by the inability to recall personal information; previously called Multiple Personality
Disorder

Question 35

Anorexia

Answer 35

restriction of food; significantly low body weight; intense fear of gaining
weight; denial of low weight

Question 36

Bulimia

Answer 36

recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging; sense of lack of self
control during binge; eats significantly large portions of food

Question 37

Binge Eating

Answer 37

recurrent episodes of binge eating an amount larger than most
would eat; sense of lack of control when eating, feeling cannot stop

Question 38

INTERACTING WITH PERSONS IN A
HALLUCINATORY/DELUSIONAL STATE

Answer 38

Remain aware that the delusion or hallucination is perceived as real to the subject
* Tell the person you are there to help
* Always make officer safety a major consideration
* Watch for rapid movement of the eye or head, which may indicate that the person is
visually hallucinating
* Ask the person what type of assistance he/she requires
* If the person begins to speak rapidly, request that they slow down
* Pay particular attention to the person’s non verbal messages
* If the decision is to apprehend, tell the person of your intention

Question 39

RESPONSE OPTIONS WHEN DEALING WITH
PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS

Answer 39

NO FURTHER ACTION
* RELEASE TO FAMILY OR FRIENDS
* VOLUNTARY ADMITTANCE
* ORDER FOR EXAM BY A JUSTICE
* IMMEDIATE APPREHENSION

Question 40

SECTION 33.1(3) MENTAL HEALTH ACT-
COMMUNITY TREATMENT ORDERS

Answer 40

The purpose of a community treatment order is to provide a person living with a
serious mental disorder with a comprehensive plan of community-based
treatment or care and supervision that is less restrictive than being detained in a
psychiatric facility.
IT provides a plan for a person who, as a result of his or her serious mental disorder
experiences this pattern: The person is admitted to a psychiatric facility where his
or her condition is usually stabilized; after being released from the facility, the
person often stops the treatment or care and supervision; the person’s condition
changes and, as a result, the person must be readmitted to a psychiatric facility

Question 41

COMMUNITY TREATMENT ORDERS

Answer 41

Who is eligible:

• Individuals who are living with serious mental disorders and who have a
  history of repeated hospitalizations and who meet the committal
  criteria for the completion of an application by a physician for a
  psychiatric assessment in the Mental Health Act; and
• Involuntary psychiatric patients who agree to a treatment/supervision
  plan as a condition of their release from a psychiatric facility to the
  community.

Question 42

PRE-1800’S

Answer 42

ALCOHOL- Used in the form of beer and berry wine pre 1640; used to treat physical and mental ailments;
Efforts to control use was in the form of taxation in the 1700’s
OPIATES- First recorded use in Egypt approx 1500; used initially as an effective medicine; some indication of
recreational use in the Arabia and China
MARIJUANA- First recorded use in China 2737 BC; used as medicine yet euphoric effect was referenced
COCAINE- Earliest recording in Peru 500 BC; used by chewing coca leaves; leaves often used as currency
HALLUCINOGENS- Most recordings from late 1700’s- mushrooms in Mexico and Siberia; Peyote used in Mexico
and USA; limited historical documentation

Question 43

1800’S

Answer 43

ALCOHOL- problems with alcohol and alcoholism reached new levels of public awareness; prohibition was introduced and
anti-alcohol sentiments became popular
OPIATES- opium addiction became more common; profits from opium in early 1800’s became so profitable that Britain and
China fought 2 opium wars; morphine was introduced in 1806 then heroin in 1898; addiction to morphine became known as
the “soldiers disease”
MARIJUANA- Hashish was popular with French Romantics; still primarily used for medical purposes in Europe and the USA;
recreational use in USA remained limited
COCAINE- Vin Mariani (combination of coca leaf extract and wine) became popular; Coca-Cola briefly contained coca leaf
extract; commonly used as medication; Freud’s belief of “magical drug”
HALLUCINOGENS- mostly used by less civilized societies; were mostly used in religious rituals

Question 44

-1900-1960

Answer 44

ALCOHOL- decade long prohibition in USA was not an effective means of controlling alcohol consumption; after 1933 states
started to again sell alcohol; 1935 Alcohol Anonymous was formed
OPIATES- by the mid 1920’s, legislation was passed that increased penalties for distribution and use; Harrison Narcotic Act
introduced; society started viewing those who used opium, heroin and morphine as social deviants; heroin was illegal drug
of choice
MARIJUANA- became socially unacceptable; Commissioner of Narcotics dubbed it “Assassin of Youth” which led to the
passage of the Marijuana Tax act of 1937
COCAINE- became illegal and was mostly used by artists/musicians/writers; decline after 1930’s following introduction of
amphetamines
HALLUCINOGENS- limited use beyond peyote in N.A. tribes; 1938 creation of LSD

Question 45

1960’S- CURRENT

Answer 45

ALCOHOL- use of wine and beer increased; consumption continued to rise until mid 1980’s concerns of DUI’s, health
issues were publically acknowledged
OPIATES- drug revolution in the 1960’s led to an increase of heroin use; increased use by USA military in Vietnam;
increase of fear regarding the addictive qualities
MARIJUANA- use surged in the 1960’s; by 1980’s over 50% of high school students admitted to use; laws changed,
making possession for personal use a misdemeanor; research into dependency syndrome
COCAINE- 1970’s increase of use; was perceived still as mild and non addictive; as use increased, perceptions were
proven to be false; crack was introduced, causing significant health issues; 1980’s minor decrease likely as a result of drug
education
HALLUCINOGENS- LSD integral part of drug revolution; “Turn on and Drop out” lifestyle of hippies

Question 46

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

Answer 46

Oral- swallowed and absorbed through the stomach
Sublingual- absorbed through the tissue under the tongue
Insufflation (inhalation)- drawn into the lungs through the nose or mouth
Intravenous- injected into the vein