First test Flashcards
Exocitosis
Exit the cell
Endocytosis
From outside to inside cell
Isoosmotic
Physiologic normal
Back to homeostasis
Hypotonic
Hypoosmotic
Less particles more water below 270 mOsm
Hypertonic
Hyperosmotic
Or hypertonic or hypovolemia
Water and blood
More particles less water
Above 300 mOsm
Colloid space
Interstitial space = space between the cells= water
Atropine
Drug that raises HR And lung rhythm
Paracrine
Effects surrounding cells
Autocrine
Horomone exits cell and then re-enters the cell without breaking the cell wall.
Holocrine
Destroy three sides of the cell and hormones released outside cell
Apocrine
Apical portion (top) cell is destroyed and hormones escape
Merocrine
Horomine leaves cell via exocytosis
Osmolality
Total quantity of particles dissolved in fluid container
Plasma, interstitial space, intracellular space
Millimolar
Measures of miles per liter of fluid
1liter of fluid =1 gram of sodium
Leukocytes
Immune cells
Leukemia is deficient of white blood cells (immune cells)
Cellulitis
Inflammation, swelling, redness, heat, pain
Lymph system
Takes the excess fluid aggravated around blood lines, goes to lymph nodes where it is cleaned, reused to feed back to the white blood line network
Dysplasia
Change in the normal size, shape and organization of tissue cells
Myosin
Muscle protein interacts with actin to produce active movement of a portion of the cell
Microvilli
Finger shaped projections of the cell membrane on their exposed surface, increase surface area of cell
Endothelium
Simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels
Hydrostatic
Fluid pressure
Hypertonic
Higher osmotic fluid
Higher sugar and salt content
Hyperosmotic +300mosm
Pericarditis
Inflammation around the heart
3 layers
Endo, myo, peri
Mycardium
Heart muscle
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Pleuritis
Inflammation of the pleura or pleural space
Epidermal
Epithelium covering of the skin, outer layer
Pseudo stratified
Appearance of being arranged in layers
*Connected to basement membrane
*Closely packed cells
Osmolality
Concentration of a solution expressed as the total # of solute particle per Kg
Perinuclear
Located around nucleus
Denaturation
Temporary or permanent change in the three dimensional structure of a protein
Cytosol
Fluid protein of cytoplasm
Transcription
Process of dna conversion to rna
Microfilaments
Actin filaments; protein; part of cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Framework of cell
Glycocalyx
Carbohydrate portion of large molecules extend beyond outer surface of membrane
1) lubrication and protection
2)anchoring and locomotion
3) specificity in binding
4)recognition
Ex. Lining of trachea or outer covering of fish
Pathology
Study of diseases
Endocytosis
Enters the cell
Cytokinesis
Cell strategy of movement
Cytoplasmic movement that separates two daughter cells at the completion of mitosis
Flagella or Silia
Polypeptides
Proteins
Large or many
Monosaccharide
One sugar
Subserous fascia
Under stomach lining
Osteocyte
Bone cell
Transmembrane
Across membranes
Micro vascular
Relating to smallest blood vessels
Hypotonic
Lower concentration of sugars and salt
Less h2o
More particles
>270mosm
Endogenous
Made inside body
Exocytosis
Exit the cell
Microtubules
Micro tubules made of proteins alpha and beta tubulin
Part of cytoskeleton
Supraglenoid fossa
Above glenoid, shallow depression
Monoacylglyceride
One fat, lipids
Antiangeogenesis factor
A polypeptide that prevents the growth of blood vessels and can slow the growth of cancers
Kinase
Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to specified molecule
Exogenous
Made from outside body
Endoplasmic reticulum
Involved Protein and lipid synthesis
-channels in cytoplasm that function in intracellular transport, synthesis, storage, packaging, and secretion
Autolysis
destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes, especially those released by lysosomes.
Hemolysis
Breakdown of RBCs
Cardiopulmonary
Symorphosis matching of linked systems
Heart and lung
Heart and kidney
ADenosine triphosphate
ATP
3 phosphates; Biofuel for cell; energy; plays role in homeostasis
Adenosine diphophate
2 phosphates;
Causes platelets to undergo shape change, release granule contents and Aggregate
Cutaneous
Surface
Subcutaneous
Below surface
Cytogenetics
Genetic traits of a cell
Oligodendricyte
Myelin nerve cell, myelin sheath covering, without this a person would be paralyzed
Hepatocyte
Liver cell
Leukocyte
White blood cell
Macrophag
Large neutrophil or SEG can eat 100+ bacteria
*pacman
Microphage
Small cell eats >5 bacteria
Decomposition
To decompose is to deteriorate after death
Catabolism
Digestion turning large things to small things
Metabolism
Converting food or drink to energy by mixing with oxygen
Anabolism
Muscle mass gain
Hydrophilic
WATER❤️❤️❤️
Protein and carbs are water soluable
Hydrophobic
Hates water
Water insoluble
Lipids and fats
Amphiphatic
Think amphibian
Having both hyrdophilic and phobic parts
Colloid
Jello like water around cells in interstitial space
Glucose
Six carbon sugar, preferred energy for cells, usable energy; found in blood serum
Glycogen
Polysaccharide in energy reserves
Carbohydrate intake
Glycolysis
Break glucose into ATP energy
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium in blood serum
Increase in electrical activity
Hypokalemia
Low potassium level in blood serums
Decrease in electrical activity
DNA
Blue print/code of LIFE
Extracellular
Outside cell
Intracellular
Inside cell
Interstitial
Fluid in the Space between cells
Epithelial
1 of 4 primary tissues types; Lines or covers inside and outside body
Simple columnar
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Pseudostratified
Erythrocyte
Red blood cell, no nucleus, large quantities of hemoglobin
Epigastric
Above stomach
Hemocytology
Study of blood cells and components
Cellulitis
Swelling of cells in interstitial space due to damage
Hepatitis
3 types a,b,c
Disease characterized by inflammation of liver
Lipolysis
Breaking or converting lipids into ATP ENERGY
Reproduction
Production of offspring
Auto regulation
Bodies ability to maintain homeostasis
Self regulation
Hypothalamus
Below thalmus
Involves with subconscious self regulation of visceral functions, emotions, drives, and coordination of neural and endocrine functions
Pericardial
Fluid around the heart
Avascular
Without blood flow
Tachycardia
Elevated or raised resting HR
<100bpms
Paracrine
Acts on adjacent cells
Pg605 text
Autocrine
Acts on surface receptors of same cell
Holcrine
Secretion relating to lysis from secretory cells
; Destroys gland cells;
Apocrine
Loss of cytoplasm and secretory product
Pg120
Text
Merocrine
Hormone secretion via excitosis
Endocrine
System of structure for homeostatic regulation
Brachycardia
Low resting HR
>60bpm