First Term Flashcards
Standard English
Form of English widely accepted as the usual correct form
Received Pronunciation
Linked to “Queens English” an accent traditionally regarded as the standard for British English. Often associated to BBC presenters
Dialect
A particular form of language which is specific to a social group or region.
Conversational Status
Amount of prestige shared between people, dependent on aspects of the speakers identity and role.
OVERT prestige
- Obvious power
- Formal linked to profession or role
- Language use can provide sign of speakers prestige
COVERT prestige
- “Coolness a speaker has”
- hidden power not expected
- associated with personality
- swearing,joking, accents
Communication Accommodation Theory
Theory that we subconsciously adapt to each other and the situation we are in when talking to each other
Convergence
Adapting your language to match another’s
Divergence
Not adapting to each others speech
Typically speakers with more conversational status can diverge more
Sometimes diverging can give a speaker covert prestige
Symmetrical status
All speakers are on same/similar level with regard to status
Asymmetrical status
Difference in therms of status between speakers in that situation
Turn-taking behaviour
Organisation in conversation and discourse where participants speak one at a time in alternating turns
Holding the floor
Speaking to a person or group for a long time without allowing anyone else to speak
Overlap
When two or more people speak at the same time
Topic loop
Returning to a topic previously discussed
Topic shift
Changing the subject
Latch on
When there is no pause between the turns of the different speakers
Utterance
Includes all the pauses, fillers etc that a speaker says
Pause
Pause obvs
Filler
Noises a speaker makes such as ‘erm’ ‘mmm’
False start
When a speaker starts to talk stops and starts again
Repair
Speaker stops and changes words
Non-fluency features
Grammatical errors , stutters, false start, fillers, pauses
Prosodic features
All the aspects of voice that are not actual speech sounds
E.g stress, tone and variation in tone volume and speed
