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Christian Morality in our Times > First Term > Flashcards

First Term Flashcards

1
Q

The quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good (moral), bad/evil (immoral), or indifferent (amoral/neutral).

A

Morality

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2
Q

What are the 3 Moral Distinctions?

A
  1. Moral Actions
  2. Immoral Actions
  3. Amoral Actions
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3
Q

These are actions which are in conformity with the norms of morality, these actions are permissible.

A

Moral

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4
Q

These are actions which are not in conformity with the norms of morality. These are bad/evil and are not permissible.

A

Immoral

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5
Q

These are actions which stand neutral in relation to the norm of morality. They are neither good nor bad, but they may become good or evil because of the circumstances attendant to them.

A

Amoral

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6
Q

What is the Latin word for Morality?

A

Mos, Mores, meaning “custom, tradition”

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7
Q

What is the Greek word for Ethics?

A

Ethos, meaning “characteristic way of acting, thinking, feeling, valuing.”

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8
Q

_____ includes cultural mannerisms, politics, laws, and social aspirations of a group of people.

A

Ethos

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9
Q

This is the science of the morality of human acts. It is the study of human motivation and human rational behavior.

A

Ethics

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10
Q

Morality refers to those characteristics belonging to man/woman as a Rational being, endowed with intellect and free-will. True or False?

A

False.

*Ethics refers to…

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11
Q

As a rational being endowed with intellect and free-will, what are the 3 things we are expected to achieve?

A
  1. Ability to distinguish right from wrong and good from bad
  2. Being able to feel and obligated to do what is good and avoid what is evil.
  3. Being able to feel accountable for his/her actions, expecting whether a reward or punishment from them.
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12
Q

Cultural standards, tradition, rules, policies, and regulations are some of the considered _____ in determining the morality of an action.

A

Bases

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13
Q

This is the characteristic way of acting, behaving, feeling, and thinking.

A

Morality

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14
Q

We, as humans, have innate intellect and reason. True or False?

A

True

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15
Q

What does the Greek word “axtio or αξτιο” mean?

A

Value

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16
Q

Looking at the quality of human actions makes a person more human. What is this called?

A

Humanization

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17
Q

This is anything that contributes to the well-being, health, and survival.

A

Good

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18
Q

This is anything that destroys or obstructs the well-being, health, and survival.

A

Bad or Evil

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19
Q

What are the two types of evil/bad actions that constitute the liability of morality?

A
  1. Intrinsic Evil
  2. Extrinsic Evil
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20
Q

These actions are evil within, meaning, the nature of the act is already evil and innate.

A

Intrinsic Evil Actions

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21
Q

These actions are evil based on circumstances, which lessens moral liabilitiy. This is because there are outside factors making an action morally tolerable, when in normal circumstances, it is morally unacceptable.

A

Extrinsic Evil Actions

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22
Q

This characteristic of human acts means that the person performing the act is accountable or liable for such act.

A

Imputability

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23
Q

All moral actions are legal, but not all legal actions are moral. True or False?

A

True

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24
Q

These are anything based on established laws, norms, or standards.

A

Legal

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25
Q

This is comprised of everything that governs one’s life.

A

Norms or Standards

26
Q

What are the 4 Types of Norms?

A
  1. Technical Norms
  2. Societal Norms
  3. Aesthetic Norms
  4. Moral Norms
27
Q

These are norms that are focused on one’s well-being, health, and survival.

A

Technical Norms

28
Q

These are norms that refers to the preference of people regarding food, songs, etc.

A

Aesthetic Norms

29
Q

You have a _____ ______________ for actions you do.

A

Moral Responsibility

30
Q

These are actions that are performed by a person knowingly, freely, and voluntarily. These are deliberate, intentional, and voluntary actions.

A

Human Acts

31
Q

These are actions which are instinctive and involuntary, and nor within the control of the will.

A

Acts of Man

32
Q

An act is an act of man if it is performed by a conscious person who is aware of what s/he is doing and of its consequences, acting in his/her free volition and powers; and who decides willfully to perform the act. True or False?

A

False.

*An act is a human act…

33
Q

What are the 6 Kinds of Human Acts?

A
  1. Wish
  2. Intention
  3. Consent
  4. Election
  5. Use
  6. Fruition
34
Q

This is the tendency of the will towards something whether realizible or not.

A

Wish

35
Q

This is the tendency of the will towards something attainable, without committing oneself to attain it.

A

Intention

36
Q

This is the acceptance of the will to carry out an intention.

A

Consent

37
Q

This is the selection of the will of the means to carry out the intention.

A

Election

38
Q

This is the command of the will to make use of the means to carry out the intention.

A

Use

39
Q

This is the enjoyment of the will derived from the attainment of the thing desired.

A

Fruition

40
Q

When is an action consitered Indirectly Voluntary and make a person liable?

A
  1. If the doer is able to foresee the evil result or effect in general.
  2. If the doer is free to refrain from doing that which would produce the foreseen evil.
  3. If the doer had moral obligation not to do that which produces an evil effect.
41
Q

This refers to the will which is essential to the act.

A

Voluntariness

42
Q

What are the 4 Types of Voluntariness?

A
  1. Perfect Voluntariness
  2. Imperfect Voluntariness
  3. Conditional Voluntariness
  4. Simple Voluntariness
43
Q

This is when a person fully knows and fully intends an act. Therefore, the person is fully liable.

A

Perfect Voluntariness

44
Q

This is when a person acts without fully realizing what s/he means to do, without fully intending the act. Therefore, s/he has less moral liability.

A

Imperfect Voluntariness

45
Q

This is when one is forced by cirumstances beyond his/her control to perform an act which s/he would not do under normal conditions. Therefore, s/he has no moral liability.

A

Conditional Voluntariness

46
Q

This is when one is doing an act willingfully, regardless of whether s/he likes to do it or not.

A

Simple Voluntariness

47
Q

These are actions that are not bodily expressed, meaning that these are actions which are only in the mind.

Example: THINKING and PLANNING on killing one’s spouse but not actually doing it.

A

Illicited Acts

48
Q

Examples of this are sickness, death, natural disasters, and some accidents

A

Natural Evil

49
Q

This states that actions which may have two effects, one good and one evil, can be justifiable based on different conditions.

A

Principle of Double Effect

Actions with Double Effect

50
Q

What is the Latin term for Voluntariness?

A

Voluntas, meaning “will”

51
Q

When is an action considered with double effect?

A
  1. The action must be good in itself, or at least amoral.
  2. The good effect must not come from the evil effect. To do evil to achieve good is not justified.
  3. The motive of the doer must be the attainment of the good.
  4. The evil effect is permitted only as an incident result.
  5. The good effect must outweigh the evil result in its importance.
52
Q

What are the 3 Determinants of Morality?

A
  1. The Act itself or The nature of the act
  2. The motive of the Act
  3. Circumstances of the act
53
Q

This determinant of morality refers to the purpose which the doer whishes to achieve by such action.

A

The Motive of the Act

54
Q

This is the disturbance of the mind of a person who is confronted by an impeding danger or harm to himself or loved ones.

A

Fear

55
Q

Acts done with fear are coluntary, one is in full control of oneself. True or False?

A

True

56
Q

Acts done out of fear are voluntary, though, ____________ _________.

A

Conditionally Voluntary

57
Q

Acts done because of intense fear or panic are _________.

A

Voluntary

58
Q

This is any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling said person to act against his/her will.

A

Violence

59
Q

These are actions performed by a person subjected to violence, to which reasonable resistance has been offered, are involuntary, and are not accountable.

A

External Actions or Commanded Actions

60
Q

These are actions done by the will alone, are not subject to violence, and are therefore voluntary.

A

Elicit Acts

61
Q

These are acquired inclinations towards something to be done. They become second nature to the person.

A

Habits

Christian Morality in our Times (1 decks)

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