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Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education > First Term > Flashcards

First Term Flashcards

1
Q

According to UNESCO, this is putting the right to education into action by including all learners, respecting their diverse needs, abilities, and characteristics, and eliminating all forms of discrimination in the learning environment.

A

Inclusive Education

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2
Q

Is the process that helps overcome barriers in limiting the presence, participation, and achievement of the learners.

A

Inclusion

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3
Q

What is DepEd Order 21, s. 2019?

A

Policy Guidelines on the K to 12 Basic Education Program

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4
Q

According to the policy guidelines for K to 12, the programs must be: (6)

A
  1. Learner-centered
  2. Developmentally-appropriate
  3. Culture-sensitive
  4. Relevant
  5. Gender-responsive
  6. Contextualized
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5
Q

What are the 4 programs of K to 12?

A
  1. Special Education
  2. Indigenous Peoples Education
  3. Madrasah Education
  4. Flexible Learning Options
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6
Q

This is the formal education for Muslim learners.

A

Madrasah Education

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7
Q

These are classes or instruction designed for students with disabilities, giftedness, and talents.

A

Special Education

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8
Q

Also known as SEN, these provides and requires additional support.

A

Special Education Needs (SEN)

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9
Q

When students with special needs are included in regular classes, this is the practice of educating students with learning challenges in regular classes (Least Restrictive Environment or LRE)

A

Mainstreaming

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10
Q

This is when we create spaces such as Regular Classrooms, SpEd Classrooms, and pull-out services.

A

Integration

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11
Q

This is when there are present differences such as gifts and talents, culture, religion, ethnicity, class, gender and sexual orientation, race, immigration status, mental and physical disabilities, etc.

A

Diversity

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12
Q

From Special Education, when ready, students are integrated in mainstreamed classrooms. True or False?

A

True

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13
Q

This presents fair access, opportunity, and support.

A

Equity

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14
Q

This provides genuine sense of belongingness and value, where in as educators, we modify things, especially in the curriculum to cater students with special needs.

A

Inclusion

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15
Q

What are the 3 Interchangeable Approaches to Placement of Children with Disabilities?

A
  1. Inclusion
  2. Mainstreaming
  3. Integration
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16
Q

Is a process where all types of learners with diverse needs are given equal opportunities for a meaningful life in non-discriminatory environments.

A

Philippine Education

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17
Q

The environments in Philippine Education foster belongingness through culturally or spiritually-sensitive, learner-centered curriculum, learning process, delivery modes, and settings. True or False?

A

True

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of learners under Special Education?

A
  1. Learners with Special Needs (LSEN) / Students with Additional Needs (SWAN)
  2. Children with Special Needs (CSN)
  3. Students with Special Education Needs (SEN)
  4. Children with Special Education Needs (SEND)
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19
Q

“Disability” is believed to be a derogatory word. True or False?

A

False.

*Disability is not a derogatory word.

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20
Q

When pertaining to learners with special needs, what is more appropriate to call them?

A

Learners with Disabilities

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21
Q

What is the umbrella or mother of Special Education?

A

Inclusive Education

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22
Q

What is the heart of Inclusive Education?

A

Diversity

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23
Q

Since there are systematic and educational barriers that limits the learners, we focus on ______ in Inclusive Education.

A

Equity

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24
Q

We apply equity in Inclusive Education through the different changes for students to be able to meet their learning needs called?

A

Instructional Adaptations

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25
Q

These means that learners learn the same curriculum with their same-aged peers.

A

Accommodations

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26
Q

These are expectations that are needed to be changed for students with special needs.

A

Modifications

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27
Q

Diversity covers limited domains. True or False?

A

False

*Diversity covers limitless domains.

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28
Q

This focuses on a learner’s skills.

A

Ability

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29
Q

This affects the senses and mobility, and limits the activity of an individual, and is considered as the mother or umbrella of impairment.

A

Disability

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30
Q

A person’s __________ makes them unique and with distict abilities.

A

Disability

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31
Q

What are the 2 Disability Models?

A
  1. Medical Model
  2. Social Model
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32
Q

The traditional view of persons with disabilities, wherein the impairment is considered as a problem needed to be fixed.

A

Medical Model

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33
Q

This model states that the barriers in society such as accessibility, Inflexible Organizations, are the problems that are needed to be fixed, not the disability.

A

Social Model

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34
Q

How do we adhere with the People First Policy of RA 11650?

A

Through saying “Person with insert disability” instead of “Insert disability+ed person”

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35
Q

What are the 3 eras involved in the History of Special Education?

A
  1. Era of Extermination
  2. Era of Ridicule
  3. Era of Asylum
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36
Q

Under the Era of Extermination, people had very negative views on disability. They believed that a disability is a punishment from the gods. Therefore, people with disabilities are called “defective” and were exterminated. When was this?

A

During the Greek and Roman Era

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37
Q

Under the Era of Extermination, they considered disabilities as impurities wherein when a person was disabled, s/he was denied of his/her rights. When was this?

A

Early Christian Era

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38
Q

When the New Testament was introduced, views were not changed, even though Jesus helped the people with disabilities. True or False?

A

False

*Views were changed.

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39
Q

This is during the Middle Ages, wherein people with disabilities were discriminated, treated with ridicule, were made slaves or fools, and items for entertainment in circuses.

A

Era of Ridicule

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40
Q

During the Renaissance Period, under this era, the Catholic Church started accepting the persons with disabilities, but were still treated in isolation.

A

Era of Asylum

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41
Q

Who invented the Braille Script?

A

Louis Braille

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42
Q

What is the timeline of events, persons, and ideas of Special Education?

A
  1. Mid-1700s
  2. Early 1800s
  3. Early 20th Century
  4. 1920s to 1940s
  5. 1950s to 1970s
  6. 1970s and beyond
  7. 1900s (Last Century)
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43
Q

Who are the 2 significant people during the Mid-1700s, and what are their contributions?

Clue: JP and JMI

A
  1. Joseph Preire - focused on “deafmutes,” and made use of sign language, machine, and simple arithmetic calculations.
  2. Jean Marc Itard - coined the term “intellectual disability,” and “mentally retarded.” He was the one who studied Victor, the wild boy.
44
Q

This is the period when SPEd programs in USA started to develop.

A

Early 1800s

45
Q

Who are the 3 significant people during the 1800s? What are their contributions?

Clue: SGH, TG, and ES

A
  1. Samuel Girdley Howe - established the Perkins School for the blind in Boston.
  2. Thomas Gallaudet - established the School for the deaf in Hardford, Connecticut.
  3. Edouard Seguin - studied persons with intellectual disabilities and established Hospice des Incurables in France, and Pennsylvania School for Idiots.
46
Q

Who are the 2 significant people during the Early 20th Century? What are their contributions?

Clue: MM and GF

A
  1. Maria Montessori - developed techniques or materials to teach learners with intellectual disabilities.
  2. Grace Fernald - developed techniques for remedial education in reading called the Fernald Reading Method.
47
Q

Who are the 2 significant people during the 1920s to 1940s? What are their contributions?

Clue: HG and AS&HW

A
  1. Henry Goddard - Studied the Kalikak Family, their feeble mindedness.
  2. Alfred Strauss and Heinz Werner - Developed the Neurological Basis of Learning Disabilities, coined the terms “minor brain damage,” and “major brain injury,” and their work served as the groundwork for ADHD, then known as the Strauss Syndrome.
48
Q

This period served as a headstart, the groundwork for kindergarten, and became the early intervention for children at risk of being handicapped.

A

1950s to 1970s

49
Q

Who are the 5 significant people during the 1950s to 1970s? What are their contributions?

Clue: SK, MF, NK, and WC

A
  1. Samuel Kirk - coined the term “learning disabilities”

2.. Marianne Frostig - developed the developmental test of visual perception.

  1. Newell Kephart - introduced perceptual motor development.
  2. William Cruickshank - developed educational strategies for hyperactive learners.

*The last 3 people contributed to the progress of special education.

50
Q

This period is when Special Education was recognized as formal and identifiable. The rights of persons with disabilities were also recognized.

A

1970s and beyond

51
Q

This period, also known as the Last Century shifted the perspectives from Biological to Medical. Compulsary Education also started, and at the end of the WW2, Special Education was established, and Inclusive Education started too.

52
Q

What is LSEN?

A

Learners with Special Education Needs

53
Q

According to the World Health Organization in 1996, this refers to the physical or mental defect at the level of a body system or organ.

A

Disability

54
Q

What are the 3 Kinds of Pressure?

A
  1. Ethics and Moral Pressure - from association and laws
  2. Conceptual Pressure - from normalization (Least Restrictive Environments)
  3. Economic Pressure - puts scrutiny on the costs
55
Q

It is not significant for a teacher to understand how the profession developed and what laws or policies govern the teacher to facilitate and implement a high quality of special education. True or False?

A

False

*It is important for a teacher…

56
Q

This is an Act Amending RA. 7277, which offers 20% discounts, educational assistance, scholarship grants, financial aids, subsidies, and other incentives.

A

Republic Act No. 9442

57
Q

An Act Instituting a Policy of Inclusion and Services for Learners with Disabilities in support of Inclusive Education Act.

A

Republic Act No. 11650

58
Q

Child and Youth Welfare Code, stating that people below 21 years old except those emancipated in accordance with the law are considered children. It also states that all children shall be entitled to rights.

A

Presidential Decree No. 603, s. 1974

59
Q

This states that all citizens have a right to quality education at all levels. Education Accessible to all.

A

1987 Constitution, Article XIV, Section 1&2

60
Q

This is the Special Protection Against Child Abuse and Exploitation (1992) which provides special protection to children from all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, etc. which are prejudicial to their development.

A

Republic Act No. 7610

61
Q

This is the Rehabilitation and Integration of Disabled Persons in Mainstream Society (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons) which provides full support to the improvement of the total well-being of disabled persons and their integration in the mainstream society.

A

Republic Act No. 7277

62
Q

This is the Indigenous People’s Right Act of 1977 which promotes the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities or Indigenous People, and preserve their cultural, traditions, and institutions, and to ensure the equal protection and non-discrimination of members.

A

Republic Act No. 8371

63
Q

This is the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, which covers the different stages involving children at rish and children in conflict with the law.

A

Republic Act No. 9344

64
Q

This is the Indivisuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2010, which pushes for free appropriate public education, special education, etc.

A

Republic Act No. 9442, Senate Bill 1298

65
Q

This is the Enhanced Basic Education Act including Alternative Learning System and Learners with Special Needs, which includes reintegration, primary education, etc.

A

Republic Act NO. 10533

66
Q

This is the Open High School System Act (2015), which pushes access to relevant quality education through the alternative secondary education programs.

A

Republic Act No. 10665

67
Q

This is the Inclusive Education for Children and Youth with Special Needs Act of 2016.

A

Senate Bill 996

68
Q

This is the Bill of the Inclusive Education for Children and youth with Special Needs, provide access to inclusive education, and the appropriate resources.

A

Senate Bill 1414

69
Q

This is the National Adoption and Implementation fo the PPST, which is the continuing effort to attain proficiency for effective implementation of the K to 12 Program.

A

DepEd Order 42, s. 2017

70
Q

The Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education course.

A

CHEd Memorandum no. 74-77, s. 2017

71
Q

The Policy Guidelines on the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

A

DepEd Order No. 21, s. 2019

72
Q

Refers to a program of instruction intended to meet the basic learning needs which provide the foundation of which subsequent learning can be based.

A

Basic Education

73
Q

These are the day care centers established in every barangay under RA 6972, which provide for the basic holistic needs of learners with disabilities below 5 years old.

A

Child Development Center (CDCs)

74
Q

Refers to the system of identification, location, and evaluation of all learners with disabilities not more than 24 years old, and below 5 years old, who are not receiving basic education services.

A

Child Find System (CFS)

75
Q

Refers to the process of addressing and responding to the diversity of needs of all learners.

A

Inclusive Education

76
Q

Refers to a process where all learners, regardless of their background and abilities, are given an equal chance to play, learn, and interact together in the same learning environment and the community.

77
Q

Refers to a physical or virtual center that provides support and related services to teaching and learning.

A

Inclusive Learning Resource Center of Learners with Disabilities (ILRC)

78
Q

Refers to all personnel who are considered qualified by the DepEd to administer special needs services.

A

ILRC Personnel

79
Q

Refers to the systematic, purposive, and developmental educational programming of curricular and instructional priorities and contents designed to meet the educational requirements of a learner with disability.

A

Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

80
Q

Refer to textbooks in Braille, large-type, audio, digital or Filipino sign language, or any medium or apparatus that convey information to learners with disabilities or otherwise contributes to the learning process.

A

Instructional Materials for Learners with Disabilities

81
Q

Refers to Learners in general early and basic education system who require additional support and related services ad adoptive pedagogic method due to their impairments.

A

Learners with Disabilities

82
Q

Refer to qualified persons who work together in collaboration with special needs education teachers and para-teachers.

A

Learning Support Aides

83
Q

Refers to a group of health and allied health professionals who, through their specialized assessment, shall provide for the overall health and well-being of learners with disabilities.

A

Multidisciplinary Team

84
Q

Refers to a document that shall serve as a guide to government agencies and private stakeholders for the optimal realization of the objectives of this Act.

A

Multi-year Roadmap

85
Q

Refers to those who have taken the LET, but did not pass, but are allowed to provide assistance in special education.

A

Para-teachers

86
Q

Refers to all forms of indispensable, substantial, and meaningful participation of private individuals in the delivery of educational and rehabilitative services for learners with disabilities.

A

Private Sector Participation

87
Q

Refer to provisions which include different solutions as may be required to assist a learner with disability to fully enjoy the rights and benefits from education services.

A

Related Services

88
Q

Refers to the necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments to ensure learners with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.

A

Reasonable ACcommodation

89
Q

Refers to the customized instructional program or service designed to meet the diverse needs of an individual with disabiliy.

A

Special Needs Educations

90
Q

Refers to an individual who teaches academic and life skills to basic education learners who has a range of disabilities.

A

Special Needs Education Teacher

91
Q

Refer to services provided to learners with disabilities by the ILRCs, schools, and other facilities.

A

Support Services

92
Q

Refers to the design of product, environments, programs, and services to be usable by all people, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.

A

Universal Design

93
Q

Refers to a scientificaly valid framework for guiding educational practice.

A

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

94
Q

According to the Booth and Ainscow Framework, this is building community, establishing inclusive values

A

Creating Inclusive Cultures

95
Q

According to the Booth and Ainscow Framework, this is developing school for all, organizing support for diversity.

A

Producing Inclusive Practices

96
Q

According to the Booth and Ainscow Framework, this is orchestrating learning, mobilizing resources

A

Evolving Inclusive Practices

97
Q

This principle of UDL refers to multiple methods of representation that gives learners a variety of ways to acquire information and build knowledge.

A

Recognition

98
Q

This principle of IDL refers to multiple means of student action and expression that provide learners, alternative modes for demonstration what they have learned.

A

Strategic Learning

99
Q

This refers to multiple modes of student engagement that tap into learners’ interests, challenge them appropriately, and motivate them to learn.

A

Affective Learning

100
Q

What are the 3 Primary Networks of the UDL?

A
  1. Recognition Learning
  2. Strategic Learning
  3. Affective Learning
101
Q

What are the 3 Principles of UDL?

A
  1. Representation
  2. Action and Expression
  3. Engagement
102
Q

What are the 3 sents of UDL Guidelines?

A
  1. Flexible ways to present WHAT we teach and learn.
  2. Flexible options for HOW we learn and express what we know.
  3. Flexible options for generating and sustaining motivation, the WHY of learning.
103
Q

What are the 4 Differentiated Instructions?

A
  1. Content
  2. Process
  3. Product
  4. Learning Environment
104
Q

A systematic approach to planning curriculum and instruction for academically diverse learners.

A

Differentiated Instruction

105
Q

What are the 2 Inclusive Practices?

A
  1. Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
  2. Differentiated Instruction

Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education (1 decks)

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