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Readings in Philippine History > First Term > Flashcards

First Term Flashcards

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1
Q

The word “history” came from what Greek word?

A

Istoria

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2
Q

What does “istoria” mean?

A

Inquiry or Knowledge

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3
Q

This is inquiry or knowledge acquired by investigation.

A

History

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4
Q

What are the 5 other definitions of History?

A
  1. Past of Mankind
  2. Record of Events
  3. Introduction to the Future
  4. Homonization and Humanization
  5. Study of past events and also the present
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5
Q

This definition of history focuses on man as an individual, and man as a collective.

A

Past of Mankind

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6
Q

This definition of history focuses on the lives of people in a particular place and time.

A

Record of Events

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7
Q

This definition of history states that there is no future without the present, and there is no present without the past.

A

Introduction to the future

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8
Q

This covers the development or history on the ideas, cultures, beliefs, traditions, etc.

A

Humanization

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9
Q

This tackles the physical changes on the characteristics of men, man’s development.

A

Homonization

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10
Q

According to this definition of history, true history critically studies evidences such as artifacts, ruins, documents, images, accounts (testimony of eyewitnesses), etc.

A

Study of Past Events and also the Present

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11
Q

The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past. (Gottschalk, 1969)

A

Historical Method

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12
Q

Imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived by the process, also known as “writing of history”

A

Historiography

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13
Q

History is subject to creation. True or False?

A

False

*History is subject to recreation, not creation

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14
Q

What are the 2 Aspects of the Study of History?

A
  1. According to Subject
  2. According to Theme
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15
Q

What are the 3 studies of history according to subject?

A
  1. Individual History
  2. Local History
  3. National History
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16
Q

This study of history focuses on the life and history of an individual. It includes memoirs, diaries, and autobiographies.

A

Individual History

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17
Q

This study of history focuses on the geographical and local context, wherein it studies the cultural and social aspects of a certain place.

A

Local History

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18
Q

This study of history focuses on the collective struggle of the people as a nation.

A

National History

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19
Q

What are the 4 studies of history according to theme?

A
  1. Political History
  2. Economic History
  3. Social History
  4. Cultural History
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20
Q

This studies records of public events, institutions, rulers, government, laws, constitution, etc.

A

Political History

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21
Q

This studies goods, services, products, livelihood, mode of income, etc.

A

Economic History

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22
Q

This studies society itself, focusing more on social change or movement, the people.

A

Social History

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23
Q

This studies the development of traditions, customs, arts, music, and other cultural institutions.

A

Cultural History

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24
Q

What is the importance of studying history according to Del Rosario, et. al. (2012)?

A
  1. Primary vehicle for socialization…
  2. Basis for development of national identity
  3. Contributes to human knowledge
  4. Reveals patterns of thoughts and actions…
  5. Develops kind of consciousness…
  6. Offers objective basis…
  7. Teaches nationalism and patriotism by careful preservation of customs and traditions
  8. Raises consciousness about people and the value of internationalism
  9. Teaches elements of justice, rights, liberties, and privileges
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25
Q

What is the relevance of history?

A
  1. Relevance to ourselves
  2. Relevance to our communities
  3. Relevance to our future
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26
Q

History is relevant to _________ because history nurtures personal and collective identity in a diverse world, wherein people discover their place in time through stories of their families, communities, and nation.

A

Ourselves

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27
Q

History is relevant to our ___________ because history is the foundation of strong and vibrant communities, and is a catalyst of economic growth since it has a strong sense of character.

A

Communities

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28
Q

History is relevant to our ______ because it helps people envision a better future through learning from the mistakes of our ancestors.

A

Future

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29
Q

According to Del Rosario, et. al. (2012), how should we study history?

A
  1. In a framework
  2. With scholarly rigor, authenticity, and accuracy
  3. Strive towards objectivity
  4. Holistic
  5. Studied within context
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30
Q

We should study history in this way, it states that there should be logical and scientific steps to study it.

A

In a Framework

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31
Q

What does “with scholarly rigor” mean?

A

Vigorous studies

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32
Q

Historical evidences should prove objective, not subjective claims. True or False?

A

True

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33
Q

We should study history in a ________ manner, it should be complete and be seen from different angles and experts.

A

Holistic

34
Q

What are the 3 important considerations in studying history?

A
  1. Periodization
  2. Structure
  3. Conjuncture
35
Q

A unit or chunk of time within which various characteristics of society developed.

A

Period

36
Q

This consideration in studying history shows the connection of details in a given period.

A

Periodization

37
Q

This consideration in studying history focuses on elements of institutions of society that are more or less stable and can be analyzed statistically.

A

Structure

38
Q

This consideration in studying history focuses on the related incidence precipitated by a major turning point that can lead to decisive changes.

A

Conjuncture

39
Q

Process of rewriting history in light of new findings or evidences which were carefully analyzed by different experts.

A

Historical Revision

40
Q

Is Historical Revisionism Bad or Good?

A

It can be good or bad, depending on the purpose.

41
Q

Historical Revisionism is good as long as there is evidence that was critically analyzed. True or False?

A

True

42
Q

An inclination or outlook to present or hold a partial perspective, refusing to recognize others’ point of view.

A

Bias

43
Q

What are the 4 forms of Bias?

A
  1. Use of inflammatory language
  2. Claims whose larger purpose is to elevate or demean one social, ethnic, national, religious, political, or gender group.
  3. Evidence that serves to tell only one side of an event or issue, purposefully withholding or ignoring information that may shed the opposing view in a more positive light.
  4. Manufactured, falsified, and/or dishonesty cited evidence in order to present the author’s case in a more positive light.
44
Q

This is when people do not want to accept history nor historical events.

A

Historical Denialism

45
Q

People who negate history and fabricate evidences do this. They also make use of falsification or distortion of history.

A

Historican Negationism

46
Q

What are the 4 uses of falsification or distortion of history?

A
  1. Deception
  2. Denial
  3. Relativization
  4. Trivialization
47
Q

The use of falsified or distorted history to deceive people.

A

Deception

48
Q

The use of falsified or distorted history using events in history which are products only of situations. The use of false equivalents.

A

Relativization

49
Q

The use of falsified or distorted history to make something less important.

A

Trivialization

50
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of a good historical account?

A
  1. It is scientific
  2. It is humanistic
  3. It is rational
  4. It is self-revelatory
  5. It is analytic
  6. It requires numerous and greatly varied knowledge
51
Q

This characteristic of a good historical account is when it is based on science.

A

It is scientific

52
Q

This characteristic of a good historical account states that it should ask questions about things done.

A

It is humanistic

53
Q

This characteristic of a good historical account gives answers on the basis of evidence.

A

It is rational

54
Q

This characteristic of a good historical account begins by knowing something and telling what is knows.

A

It is self-revelatory

55
Q

This characteristic of a good historical account is an attempt to discover significant events that happened.

A

It is analytic

56
Q

This characteristic of a good historical account requires not only historians and archaeologists, but also engineers, dentists, biologists, etc.

A

It requires numerous and greatly varied knowledge

57
Q

What are the 4 distinct features of the study of history?

A
  1. Geography as a changing phenomenon, not as an exact boundary
  2. Various structures showing their own directions of movement and change, such as institutions and organizations
  3. Manifestations of the simultaneous development of people.
  4. Presentation of a Filipino, not a colonial perspective.
58
Q

What are evidences and materials used in writing history, and history itself called?

A

Historical Sources

59
Q

These are materials produced by those directly involved in the event or topic being studied.

A

Primary Sources

60
Q

Evidences produced after an event has higher credibility. True or False?

A

False

*Evidences produced during the event has higher credibility.

61
Q

What are the 4 main categories of primary sources?

A
  1. Visual Images
  2. Artifacts
  3. Written Sources (or Textual Sources)
  4. Oral Testimonies
62
Q

Under Visual Images, this source reveal locations, trade routes of the past, and even venues of events.

A

Maps

63
Q

Under Visual Images, this source shows evidences of places, historical events, personalities, and historic structures.

A

Photographs

64
Q

Under Visual Images, these sources preserve religious or even catastrophic events.

A

Sketches, Drawings, Paintings

65
Q

Under Visual Images, this source preserves the general emotions or sentiments of the people regarding events, issues, problems, situations, or other poeple.

A

Cartoons

66
Q

This primary source uses different objects as evidences.

A

Artifacts

67
Q

This primary source are documents, letters, etc.

A

Written Sources or Textual Sources

68
Q

These are the sources passed on from generation to generation, from one person to another.

A

Oral testimonies

69
Q

These are textbooks, printed materials, researches/critiques, indexes, bibliographies, abstracts, biographical works, reference books, literature reviews, research journals, review articles, etc.

A

Secondary Sources

70
Q

The process of critically examining or analyzing evidences of the past.

A

Methodology in Studying History

71
Q

What are the 2 Types of Historical Criticism?

A
  1. External
  2. Internal
72
Q

This type of Criticism answers the question “Is the evidence authentic?” and uses tests of authenticity.

A

External Criticism

73
Q

These are the tests of authenticity according to Louis Gottschalk

A
  1. Date of the Document
  2. Author of the Text
  3. Anachronistic Style
  4. Anachronistic Reference to events
  5. Provenance or Custody
  6. Determining the meaning of a text or word
74
Q

This test of Authenticity answers the question “Is the evidence timely?”

A

Date of the document

75
Q

This test of Authenticity believes that an author has unique characteristics such as word choice, handwriting, and signature.

A

Author of the Text

76
Q

This test of Authenticity focuses on the composing of sentences during a certain time, and believes that sentence construction is affected by time.

A

Anachronistic Style

77
Q

This test of Authenticity focuses on the changes of events throughout time. Example: Misa de Gallo (now), Misa de Aguinaldo (then)

A

Anachronistic Reference to Events

78
Q

This test of Authenticity answers the questions “Who kept the document? Why was the document kept?”

A

Provenance or Custody

79
Q

This test of Authenticity uses semantics.

A

Determining the meaning of a text or word

80
Q

This type of Criticism uses tests of credibility, and answers the question “Is the text credible?”

A

Internal Criticism

81
Q

What are the tests of credibility?

A
  1. Identify the Author
  2. Determination of the approximate date
  3. Ability to tell the truth
  4. Willingness to tell the truth
  5. Corroboration

Readings in Philippine History (1 decks)

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