First Summative "Quiz" Flashcards
Gene
Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins or functional RNA
Allele
Alleles are different versions of the same gene
Chromatid
A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division. The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere.
Chromosome
A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes.
Gamete
A male or female reproductive cell
Zygote
A cell formed by the fusion of 2 gametes.
zygote, fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)
Fertilization
The joining of male and female haploid gametes.
Gonad
Male reproductive system (Meiosis happens in the gonads)
Haploid vs Diploid
Haploid cells contain only one set of Chromosomes (n). Diploid, as the name indicates, contains two sets of chromosomes (2n). Haploid cells are formed by the process of meiosis.
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction that requires two parents and produces genetically distinct offspring.
Centromere
The region where two sister chromatids are held together in a chromosome
Somatic cell
A plant or animal cell that forms the body of the organism; excludes reproductive cells
Prokaryotic cell
Like bacteria
Eukaryotic
Describes a complex type of cell that has a membrane bound nucleus; larger than a prokaryotic cell.
Multicellular
Describes an organism made up of more than one cell
Unicellular
Describes an organism made up only of one cell.
Karyotype
A picture of all the chromosomes from one cell of an individual organised into 23 pairs (for humans)
What are factors that we can use to group homologous chromosomes?
- Similar length
- Similar banding pattern
- Similar centromere position
