First Semester Final Exam Study Guide for Chapters 1-4

Question 1

The periodic table has how many periods?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

The periodic table has how many groups?

Answer 2

18

Question 3

Describe in detail the modern model of the atom. Include the particles that makeup the atom, their charges, and their locations.

Answer 3

The modern model of an atom describes an atom as consisting of a nucleus that contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons surrounded by a cloud-like region of fast moving negatively charged electrons.

Question 4

What does the atomic number of an element tell about an atom?

Answer 4

How many protons an atom has.

Question 5

What are three important things that need to be listed on each axis of a graph?

Answer 5

IV, DV and title

Question 6

List three examples of a physical change.

Answer 6

Changing states of matter, dissolving and bending

Question 7

List three examples of a chemical change.

Answer 7

Rusting, tarnishing, and combustion

Question 8

How does sublimation affect thermal energy and movement of particles?

Answer 8

Loss, decreased

Question 9

How does freezing affect thermal energy and movement of particles?

Answer 9

Loss, decreased

Question 10

How does melting affect thermal energy and movement of particles?

Answer 10

Gain, increased

Question 11

How does condensation affect thermal energy and movement of particles?

Answer 11

Loss, decreased

Question 12

How does vaporization affect thermal energy and movement of particles?

Answer 12

Gain, increased

Question 13

How is the thermal energy of a substance related to its physical state?

Answer 13

As you gain thermal energy, your particle movement increases, resulting in a new physical state.

Question 14

In terms of shape and volume, define a solid.

Answer 14

Definite shape and volume

Question 15

In terms of shape and volume, define a liquid.

Answer 15

Definite shape and indefinite volume

Question 16

In terms of shape and volume, define a gas

Answer 16

Indefinite shape and volume

Question 17

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

Answer 17

A physical change alters the form or appearance of matter. A chemical change produces one or more new substances.

Question 18

What is an example of a quantitative observation?

Answer 18

How many of something there is, i.e. there are five carrots.

Question 19

What is an example of a qualitative observation?

Answer 19

The qualities of something, i.e. the carrots are orange.

Question 20

Every physical or chemical change in matter include a change in _____.

Answer 20

Appearance.

Question 21

Explain the importance of using only one independent/manipulated variable at a time while doing an experiment.

Answer 21

If you use more than one independent variable, then when the dependent variable changes, you won’t be able to tell which independent variable is affecting it, causing you to have the wrong results.

Question 22

Define malleability.

Answer 22

A term used to describe material that can be pounded into shapes.

Question 23

Define reactivity.

Answer 23

The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds.

Question 24

Define ductility.

Answer 24

A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.

Question 25

Define conductivity.

Answer 25

The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object.

Question 26

When does the transfer of thermal energy (heat) between objects stop?

Answer 26

When both objects have the same amount of thermal energy.

Question 27

What happens to temperature when particle movements increase? Decrease?

Answer 27

Increase - Temperature increases

Decrease - Temperature decreases

Question 28

Thermal energy is transferred as heat between objects with ______ temperatures to objects with ______ temperatures.

Answer 28

Warmer, colder

Question 29

What can be predicted from an element’s location on the periodic table?

Answer 29

Its reactivity

Question 30

Define speed.

Answer 30

The distance an object travels per unit of time.

Question 31

Define velocity.

Answer 31

Speed in a given direction.

Question 32

Define acceleration.

Answer 32

The rate at which velocity changes.

Question 33

How do you calculate the slope of a line?

Answer 33

Rise/Run

Question 34

How can you tell when an object is in motion?

Answer 34

An object is in motion if its distance from another object is changing.

Question 35

What makes a good reference point?

Answer 35

A stationary object

Question 36

Why is it important to know if your reference point is moving?

Answer 36

Because if it is moving, your motion calculations won’t be correct.

Question 37

If you know a car travels 30 km in 20 minutes, you can find its what?

Answer 37

Speed