First Semester Final Exam Study Guide for Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
The periodic table has how many periods?
7
The periodic table has how many groups?
18
Describe in detail the modern model of the atom. Include the particles that makeup the atom, their charges, and their locations.
The modern model of an atom describes an atom as consisting of a nucleus that contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons surrounded by a cloud-like region of fast moving negatively charged electrons.
What does the atomic number of an element tell about an atom?
How many protons an atom has.
What are three important things that need to be listed on each axis of a graph?
IV, DV and title
List three examples of a physical change.
Changing states of matter, dissolving and bending
List three examples of a chemical change.
Rusting, tarnishing, and combustion
How does sublimation affect thermal energy and movement of particles?
Loss, decreased
How does freezing affect thermal energy and movement of particles?
Loss, decreased
How does melting affect thermal energy and movement of particles?
Gain, increased
How does condensation affect thermal energy and movement of particles?
Loss, decreased
How does vaporization affect thermal energy and movement of particles?
Gain, increased
How is the thermal energy of a substance related to its physical state?
As you gain thermal energy, your particle movement increases, resulting in a new physical state.
In terms of shape and volume, define a solid.
Definite shape and volume
In terms of shape and volume, define a liquid.
Definite shape and indefinite volume
In terms of shape and volume, define a gas
Indefinite shape and volume
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
A physical change alters the form or appearance of matter. A chemical change produces one or more new substances.
What is an example of a quantitative observation?
How many of something there is, i.e. there are five carrots.
What is an example of a qualitative observation?
The qualities of something, i.e. the carrots are orange.
Every physical or chemical change in matter include a change in _____.
Appearance.
Explain the importance of using only one independent/manipulated variable at a time while doing an experiment.
If you use more than one independent variable, then when the dependent variable changes, you won’t be able to tell which independent variable is affecting it, causing you to have the wrong results.
Define malleability.
A term used to describe material that can be pounded into shapes.
Define reactivity.
The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds.
Define ductility.
A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.
Define conductivity.
The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object.
When does the transfer of thermal energy (heat) between objects stop?
When both objects have the same amount of thermal energy.
What happens to temperature when particle movements increase? Decrease?
Increase - Temperature increases
Decrease - Temperature decreases
Thermal energy is transferred as heat between objects with ______ temperatures to objects with ______ temperatures.
Warmer, colder
What can be predicted from an element’s location on the periodic table?
Its reactivity
Define speed.
The distance an object travels per unit of time.
Define velocity.
Speed in a given direction.
Define acceleration.
The rate at which velocity changes.
How do you calculate the slope of a line?
Rise/Run
How can you tell when an object is in motion?
An object is in motion if its distance from another object is changing.
What makes a good reference point?
A stationary object
Why is it important to know if your reference point is moving?
Because if it is moving, your motion calculations won’t be correct.
If you know a car travels 30 km in 20 minutes, you can find its what?
Speed
