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Social Studies > first semester exam - sop. > Flashcards

first semester exam - sop. Flashcards

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1
Q

In the second industrial revolution, what led the way to new industrial frontiers?

A

steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum

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2
Q

According to Karl Marx, the _______ or middle, upper class was the oppressors of the working class

A

bourgeoisie

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3
Q

By 1914, what had been outlawed in most of Europe and in the U.S.?

A

Trade unions

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4
Q

Although they made up only 5%of the population in the early 1900s, which class controlled 30 to 40% of the wealth?

A

The New Elite

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5
Q

Who founded the Female association for the Care of the Poor and the Sick in Hamburg, Germany?

A

Amalie Sieveking

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6
Q

Who was Kaiser William’s cousin?

A

Czar Nicholas II

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7
Q

The alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France was known as what?

A

The Triple Entente

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8
Q

What was Functionalism the idea of?

A

buildings, like the products of machines, should be useful and lack unnecessary ornamentation

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9
Q

Who was the father of Zionism?

A

Theoror Hertzl

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10
Q

_____ were Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of a more political approach

A

Revisionists

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11
Q

What is the principle of ministerial responsibility the idea of?

A

the prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected legislative body and not to the executive officer

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12
Q

Whose discovery of radium changed the world’s view of the atom?

A

Marie Curie

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13
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, human behavior was_____

A

strongly determined by repressed experiences

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14
Q

who sent the first radio waves across the atlantic?

A

Guglielmo Marconi

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15
Q

provided a new sense of power in transportation (automobiles)

A

internal combustion engine

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16
Q

Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of the ballot box

A

revisionists

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17
Q

made up nearly 80% of the European population in the early 1900s

A

working class

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18
Q

founded the women’s social and political Union

A

Emmeline Pankhurst

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19
Q

idea that the prime minister is responsible to the legislative body and not to the executive officer

A

ministerial responsibility

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20
Q

made up of Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy

A

The Triple Alliance

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21
Q

the father of psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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22
Q

impressionist painter who sought to capture the interplay of light, water, and sky

A

Claude Monet

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23
Q

Written by karl marx and Friedrich Engels

A

The Communist Manifesto

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24
Q

Marxist term for the “working class”

A

proletariat

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25
Q

German nursing pioneer

A

Amalie Sieveking

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26
Q

weak Russian legislative assembly created by Nicholas II

A

Duma

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27
Q

Made up of Great Britain, France, and Russia

A

Triple Entente

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28
Q

German who developed the theory of relativity

A

Albert Einstein

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29
Q

applied to human society in a radical way by nationalists and racists

A

social Darwinism

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30
Q

created the style of painting called cubism

A

Pablo picasso

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31
Q

who established the colony of Singapore?

A

Sir Stanford Raffles

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32
Q

If a colony was run by ____, local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials from the mother country

A

direct rule

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33
Q

the only free states remaining in Africa by 1914 were____

A

Liberia and Ethiopia

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34
Q

Lord Macaulay designed a new school system in India to do what?

A

to train Indian Children to serve in the colonial government and army

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35
Q

____ set up a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the British to aid the poor and grant independence to India

A

Mohandes ghandi

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36
Q

In the latin american colonial system, who’re the mestizos?

A

the largest group; worked as servants and laborers

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37
Q

____ joined Jose de San Martin’s forces to complete the liberation of Peru

A

Simon Bolivar

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38
Q

what happened to latin American society as a result of the prosperity that came from increased exports?

A

growth in middle sectors of Latin American society

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39
Q

what was the “white man’s burden”?

A

the belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples

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40
Q

____ led a movement for independence in the Philippines

A

Emilio Aguinaldo

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41
Q

Who seized power in Egypt in 1805 and established a separate Egyptian state?

A

Muhammed Ali

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42
Q

the Boers were descendants of whom?

A

the original dutch settlers of Cape Town and the surrounding areas

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43
Q

In 1857, a growing indian distrust of the British led to what?

A

the First war of Independence which the British called the Sepoy Mutiny

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44
Q

What was the goal of the Indian national Congress

A

a share in the governing process of India

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45
Q

The conservative elites in Mexico chose ___ to lead a revolt against Spanish rule

A

Simon Bolivar

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46
Q

____ overthrew Porfirio Diaz to gain control of Mexico

A

Francisco Madero

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47
Q

the oral responsibility of Europeans to civilize primitive peoples

A

“white man’s burden”

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48
Q

leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines

A

Emilio Aguinaldo

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49
Q

Ottoman officer who seized power in Egypt and established a separate Egyptian state

A

Muhammed Ali

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50
Q

talented ruler who carved out an empire for the Zulu people

A

Shaka

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51
Q

Indian revolt known to the British as the Sepoy Mutiny

A

First war of Independence

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52
Q

Group that called for a share in the governing process of India

A

Indian national Congress

53
Q

led the revolt in the French colony of Saint Domingue

A

Francois-Dominique Toussaint Louverture

54
Q

hailed as one of the “liberators of south America”

A

Jose de San Martin

55
Q

brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including land distribution to the poor

A

Benito Juarez

56
Q

Promoted Western learning in Thailand

A

King Mongkut

57
Q

allowed local rulers to maintain positions of authority in the new colonial setting

A

indirect rule

58
Q

spent 30 years exploring uncharted lands of Africa

A

David Livingstone

59
Q

guaranteed the independence of the new latin American nations and warned against any European intervention

A

Monroe Doctrine

60
Q

ruled by military force, supported by the landed elites

A

caudillos

61
Q

led the Mexican revolution, seizing wealthy estates

A

Emiliano Zapata

62
Q

what happened to Britain as a result of the Treaty of Nanjing

A

Britain was given the island of Hong kong, among other concessions

63
Q

Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Tai Ping Rebellion viewed himself as what?

A

A younger brother of Jesus Christ

64
Q

____ proposed the Open Door Policy for China

A

John Hay

65
Q

The slogan of the ____ was “destroy the foreigner”

A

the boxers

66
Q

____ agreed to serve as president of a new Chinese Republic after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty

A

General Yuan Shigai

67
Q

what happened to japan under the reign of the young emperor, Mutsuhito?

A

they underwent a political transformation known as the Meiji Restoration

68
Q

what was the result of Japan’s victory in the war with Russia?

A

a stunned world was forced to recognize Japan as one of the great powers

69
Q

the policy of ___ called for China to adopt Western technology while retaining their Confucian values and institutions

A

“self strengthening’

70
Q

who imprisoned Guang Xu and ended all his reform efforts?

A

Ci Xi

71
Q

the daimyo governed ____ after the Meiji government seized their lands

A

prefectures

72
Q

In an attempt to adjust the trade imbalance with China, Britain began doing what?

A

shipping opium grown in India directly to China

73
Q

____ launched a reform known as the One Hundred Days of Reform

A

Guang Xu

74
Q

who founded the Revive China society and, later, the Nationalist Party?

A

Sun Yat Sen

75
Q

____ is considered to be the last emperor of China

A

Henry Pu Yi

76
Q

Who was one of China’s foremost writers at the turn of the century?

A

Ba Jin

77
Q

_____ referred to the practice of Europeans living by their own laws while on Chinese soil

A

extraterritoriality

78
Q

A commission under _____ traveled to Great Britain, France, Germany, and the U.S. to study their governments

A

Ito Hirobumi

79
Q

China’s “last emperor”

A

Henry Pu Yi

80
Q

His fleet pressured the Japanese into opening trade relations with the U.S.

A

Commodore Matthew Perry

81
Q

Conflict resulting from China’s attempt to blockade Guangzhou to keep out British traders

A

first Opium War

82
Q

caused by the failure of Chinese government to deal with pressing internal economic problems

A

Tai Ping Rebellion

83
Q

launched the One Hundred Days of Reform

A

Guang Xu

84
Q

Young radical who formed the Revive China Society

A

Sun Yat Sen

85
Q

Japanese capital after the Meiji restoration

A

Edo

86
Q

Practice of Europeans being governed by their own laws while living on Chinese soil

A

extraterritoriality

87
Q

areas where the European states had exclusive trading rights in China

A

spheres of influence

88
Q

ended the first Opium War

A

Treaty of Nanjing

89
Q

Christian convert who viewed himself as a younger brother of Jesus Christ

A

Hong Xiuquan

90
Q

Proclaimed that China should have an Open Door Policy

A

John Hay

91
Q

Popular name given to the members of the Society of Harmonious Fists

A

boxers

92
Q

agreed to serve as president of a new Chinese republic after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty

A

General Yuan Shigai

93
Q

“Enlightened Rule”

A

Meiji

94
Q

Japan surprise attacked this naval base

A

Port Arthur

95
Q

to adopt western technology but retain Confucian values

A

self strengthening

96
Q

opposed the emperor’s reforms and imprisoned him

A

Ci Xi

97
Q

governed by the daimyo after the Meiji restoration

A

prefectures

98
Q

what was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand

A

The black hand

99
Q

in 1914____ was considered an act of war

A

mobilization of a nation’s army

100
Q

The Western Front was characterized by what?

A

trench warfare

101
Q

Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire became known as what?

A

The Central Powers

102
Q

____ were councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers

A

soviets

103
Q

what did the red secret police, known as the Cheka begin?

A

a Red Terror campaign to destroy all those who opposed the new regime

104
Q

the treaty signed with Germany that many Germans felt was a harsh peace

A

Treaty of Versailles

105
Q

France’s approach to peace was guided in large part by what?

A

the desire for national security

106
Q

WWI was a ___, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people

A

total war

107
Q

the aggressive preparation for war

A

militarism

108
Q

The German advance toward Paris was halted at ____

A

the Battle of Marne

109
Q

what caused the U.S. to join the Allies in fighting WWI

A

the Germans’ use of unrestricted submarine warfare

110
Q

Under the leadership of ____, The Bolsheviks became a party dedicated to violent revolution

A

V.I. Lenin

111
Q

In an attempt to end Russia’s involvement in the war, lenin signed what treaty?

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

112
Q

____ became the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation

A

Woodrow Wilson

113
Q

After the war, Britain ruled Iraq and Palestine as ____

A

mandates on behalf of the League of Nations, but did not own the territory

114
Q

which country switched sides during WWI?

A

Italy

115
Q

Which member of “the big three” wanted to ensure a “just and lasting peace” ?

A

Russia

116
Q

Russia’s hope for victory in WWI quickly ended, following the Battle of ____

A

Tannenberg

117
Q

This battle forced the Germans to keep its surface fleet in port for the remainder of the war

A

Battle of Jutland

118
Q

Prior to the advent of Communism, liberals in Germany and Russia were members of the ______ party.

A

Social Democratic

119
Q

as prescribed by the post WWI League of Nations, which of the following areas were British mandate states?

A

Palestine (Israel) and Iraq

120
Q

German general who altered the Von Schlieffen plan

A

Von Moltke

121
Q

assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife sophia

A

Gavrilo princip

122
Q

the spread of ideas to influence public opinion for or against a cause

A

propaganda

123
Q

Great Britain, France, Italy, and Russia

A

Allied Powers

124
Q

systems directed by government agencies in order to mobilize resources for the war effort

A

planned economies

125
Q

urged princes in the Middle east to revolt against their Ottoman overlords

A

Lawrence of Arabia

126
Q

New name for the Bolsheviks after they seized power

A

Communists

127
Q

general who guided German military operations

A

Erich Von Ludendorff

128
Q

declared that Germany and Austria were responsible for starting World War I

A

War Guilt Clause

129
Q

a nation officially governed by another nation on behalf of the league of nations

A

mandate

Social Studies (7 decks)

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