First Quiz Review Flashcards
Program objective
Desired effect of the program on the viewer (ex. Spielberg wanted people to be afraid to go in the ocean after seeing jaws)
Medium requirements
All crew, equipment, and facilities needed for a production (ex. In jaws, how to make it scary)
Process message
The message perceived by the viewer while watching a tv or video program
Three phases of production
Preproduction, production, postproduction
Brainstorming vs clustering
Brainstorming-listing ideas
Clustering-diagram of ideas stemming from one original idea
Focal length
With the lens set at infinity, the distance from the iris to the plane where the distance is in focus. Normally measured in millimeters
Wide-angle lens
A short focal length lens that provides a large vista (Wes Anderson)
Telephoto lens
Gives a close-up view of an event relatively far away from the camera
Zoom lens
Variable focal length lens. All video cameras are equipped with this lens.
Iris
Adjustable lens-opening mechanisms
Aperture
Iris opening of a lens, measured in f-stops
F-stops
How we measure how much light is coming in to the camera (larger the f-stop, smaller the aperture, etc)
Pan
Turning the camera horizontally
Pedestal
To move the camera up or down using a studio or tripod pedestal
Dolly
To move the camera toward (dolly in) or away from (dolly out) the object/subject
Tilt
To point the camera up or down
Truck (track)
To move the camera laterally by means of a mobile camera mount (taking the camera on its tripod and moving it left or right)
White balance
To adjust the color circuits in the camera to produce white color in lighting of various color temperatures
Auto focus
Automatic focusing system on most consumer camcorders
Aspect radio
The ratio of the wish of a television screen to its height. Standard is 4:3, widescreen is 16:9
Field of view
Portion of the screen visible through a particular lens
LS (long shot)
Object seen from far away or very loosely
MS (medium shot)
Object seen from medium distance
CU (close up)
Object of any part of an object seen at a close range and framed tightly
ELS or XLS (extreme long shot)
The shot puts more emphasis on character surroundings
ECU or XCU (extreme close up)
Only shows a portion of the object or talent; produces a sense of importance in the minute
Rule of thirds
Scenes are divided into thirds with two imaginary lines vertically and horizontally, so 9 sections
Nose room
Space in front of a person looking or pointing to the edge of a screen
Headroom
Space between top of head and upper screen edge
Leadroom
The space in front of a laterally-moving object or person
Z-axis
Imaginary line that stretches from camera lens to horizon
Depth of field
Area along the z-axis in which objects appear in focus
Omnidirectional
Pickup pattern from a microphone that can hear equally well from all directions
Sound aesthetics
Context, figure-ground, sound perspective, energy and mood, and continuity
Context
Sound that is recorded or edited in should match the shot or source
Figure/ground
Focusing in on one subject and that subject is all that’s heard while all else becomes the environment
Sound perspective
If the object is closer to the camera, they’re louder
Energy and mood
Audio should match the energy or mood of an event
Continuity
Video package that has sound in studio and on field
Three point lighting
Main goal to get even distribution of light on a subject while allowing them to pop from the background (key light, fill light, back light)
Key light
45 degree angle from camera, highlights face but shadows the other half
Fill light
Less intense than key light, maybe slightly farther away, fills other half of face with light as well for even distribution
Back light
Behind subject to an angle, light only spills onto subject and makes them stand out from the background
Spotlights
Good for key lights
Flood light
Good fill light bc nondirectional
LED panels
Able to use quickly (ex. Emeril running around the grocery store)
Halogens
Good for fill lights
The balloon
Good for night shoots
Low key lighting
High contrast lighting where key light is much brighter than the fill light, producing harsh shadows
High key lighting
Low contrast lighting that produces a generally bright scene; fill light usually as bright as the key light to minimize shadows
Chrominance
Portion of the video signal that carries color information
Luminance
Black and white portion of the video signal, carries the brightness information representing the picture contrast
Kelvin
Scale in degrees for measuring color temperature
Production model
Moving from an idea to a program objective, then backing up to the specific medium requirements to achieve the program objective
