first quiz part one of pdf Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
observation, question, Hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, conclusion, communication
How is science assessed / policed?
Scientists make sure to maintain the integrity of science. other scientists fact-check and check the experiments of other scientists.
objectivity
perceiving and describing facts without personal bias
subjectivity
how personal feelings, opinions, beliefs, and experiences influence one’s perspective and interpretation of events or data.
accuracy
how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value
precision
the consistency or repeatability of measurements, regardless of whether they are close to the true value
peer review
experts evaluate a researcher’s work before it is published in a scholarly journal.
uncertainty
the degree of doubt associated with a measurement, prediction, or estimation.
correlation
two variables are related to each other.
causation
relationship between two events or variables where one directly influences or brings about the other.
What is the goal of Realism in cinema?
to show the world with minimal distortion, presenting a truthful depiction of reality.
How does Realism approach events in storytelling?
captures and presents events as they happen, focusing on authenticity.
What techniques are commonly used in Realism?
Realism employs simple photography, minimal editing, and natural sound to maintain a genuine feel.
What is the primary concern of Realism?
Realism emphasizes WHAT is being shown (the content) over HOW it is being shown (the form), avoiding manipulation or embellishment.
What is the ideal representation in Realism?
a simple recording of real-life events without commentary
What aspects are often focused on in Realism?
factors that contribute to an accurate representation of life.
What is the goal of Formalism in cinema?
self-expression and storytelling, often emphasizing the filmmaker’s personal vision.
How can Formalism be used in filmmaking?
to push an agenda, presenting a subjective “truth” according to the filmmaker.
What types of stories are common in Formalism?
plausible, whimsical, or dreamlike,
How is photography treated in Formalism?
are manipulated to enhance the visual experience
What is the focus of Formalism?
great importance on how a story is told—compared to the subject matter itself.
Can Formalism include abstract elements?
Yes,
What is Classicism in cinema?
a style of filmmaking that blends realism and formalism,
What type of films fall under Classicism?
Most fiction films
What is the presentation style in Classicism?
neither authenticity nor style dominates the narrative.
What is the goal of Classicism in storytelling?
tell a story in the best possible way,
Why is entertainment value important in Classicism?
films are designed to engage and captivate audiences.
How plausible are the events in Classicism films
are at least partially plausible,
What is the typical storyline structure in Classicism
a linear storyline,
Can you name some examples of Classicism films?
Examples of Classicism include Gone with the Wind, Citizen Kane, Casablanca, Jaws, Planet of the Apes, John Wick, Finding Nemo, and Black Panther.
What are the basic types of film?
Documentary, Realistic Drama, and Fiction,
What is a Documentary film?
a nonfiction film aimed at instruction, information, or maintaining a historical record, .
What are the characteristics of a Documentary?
Documentaries feature actual people and events, often using newsreel footage and little or no commentary to ‘document’ events objectively.
Examples: Blackfish, RBG, When We Were Kings.
What is a Realistic Drama?
uses actors to portray real events, blending factual and fictional elements.
What is a Fiction film?
a story that may or may not be based on actual events
How does the overlap between film type and style occur?
as films may incorporate elements from multiple categories while maintaining their core classification.
What is Avant-garde in film?
by experimental approaches that challenge conventional narratives and styles.
What is the focus of Avant-garde films?
prioritizing abstraction over traditional storytelling.
What elements are emphasized in Avant-garde cinema?
abstraction, imagery, beauty, and sound
What is a common characteristic of Avant-garde films?
Avant-garde films are experimental in nature, pushing the boundaries of film as an art form.
What is a film genre?
A film genre is a recognizable type or category of movie characterized by established conventions.
What are the categories of film genres based on?
common settings, topics/themes, moods, and formats.
What are some examples of film genres?
Western, Sci-Fi, Romance, Drama, Comedy, Action, Adventure, Fantasy, Thriller, War, and Film Noir.
What is an archetype in film?
An archetype is a standard model against which similar films, characters, or types are compared.
What are some common archetypes?
Common archetypes include the villain, the hero (or superhero), the jokester, the orphan, and the mad scientist.
What distinguishes a scientific approach from a non-scientific approach?
A scientific approach is based on empirical evidence, systematic observation, and experimentation, while non-scientific approaches rely on beliefs, anecdotes, or subjective interpretations.
What is the scientific method?
The scientific method is a structured process that involves observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and analysis to draw conclusions about phenomena.
What is the point of the scientific method?
: The point is to ensure reliable, reproducible results and to eliminate bias, allowing for a clearer understanding of the natural world.
How could someone interfere with the scientific method?
Interference can occur through data manipulation, introducing bias, or altering experimental conditions to achieve a desired outcome, often for personal gain or to support a specific agenda.
How is science assessed and policed?
Science is assessed through peer review, replication of studies, and adherence to ethical standards, ensuring the validity and reliability of findings.
Who is responsible for assessing science?
Scientists, academic institutions, funding agencies, and regulatory bodies share responsibility for evaluating scientific research.
Define objectivity in science.
Objectivity refers to the practice of minimizing personal biases and emotions in research to obtain unbiased results.
Define subjectivity in science.
Subjectivity occurs when personal beliefs, feelings, or opinions influence data interpretation or conclusions.
What is accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is the closeness of a measurement to the true value, while precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements.
Flashcard 10:
What is peer review?
Peer review is the process by which experts evaluate research findings before publication to ensure quality and credibility.
What is uncertainty in science?
Uncertainty indicates the degree of doubt regarding the reliability of measurements or results.
Q: What is the difference between correlation and causation?
Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, while causation implies that one variable directly influences the other.
Communication of Science
How do scientists communicate with each other?
Scientists communicate through research publications, conferences, seminars, and collaborative projects.
How should scientists communicate findings to a lay audience?
Scientists should use clear language, relatable examples, and visual aids to make findings understandable and engaging.
What is done with scientific data?
Scientific data is analyzed, interpreted, published, and used to inform policy decisions, further research, and public understanding.
Truth, Lies, and Fiction
Should creators of popular culture follow the same rules as scientists?
While creative expression is important, there is a responsibility to accurately represent scientific facts to avoid spreading misinformation.
What are the consequences of misrepresenting science in popular culture?
Misrepresentation can lead to public misunderstanding, diminished trust in science, and potential harm if incorrect information is acted upon.
Essential Concepts of Film Analysis
What do we mean by “movie magic”?
Movie magic refers to the techniques and artistry used in filmmaking to create immersive and enchanting experiences for viewers.
How do filmmakers create movie magic?
Filmmakers use special effects, cinematography, sound design, and storytelling techniques to evoke emotions and captivate audiences.
How do movies compare with plays and books as storytelling tools?
Movies utilize visual and auditory elements to enhance storytelling, while plays and books rely more on dialogue and narrative structure.
Film Styles
What is Realism in film?
Realism aims to portray events as they occur, with minimal distortion and an objective perspective, often capturing real-life situations.
What is Formalism in film?
Formalism emphasizes artistic expression and storytelling through manipulated visuals, often creating abstract or subjective narratives.
What is Classicism in film?
Classicism blends realism and formalism to create engaging, linear stories that prioritize entertainment while maintaining some plausibility.
What is Avant-garde in film?
Avant-garde films prioritize experimental techniques and artistic expression, often lacking traditional narratives and focusing on abstract concepts.
What are the main types of film?
The main types include Documentary, Realistic Drama, and Fiction, each serving different purposes in storytelling.
What is a Documentary film?
A Documentary is a nonfiction film aimed at informing or recording actual events, often with little commentary.
What is a Realistic Drama?
A Realistic Drama resembles a documentary but features actors to portray events while maintaining a realistic style.
What is a Fiction film?
A Fiction film tells a story that may be inspired by real events but is presented with creative storytelling techniques.
