First questions Flashcards
Explain in windows DNS server what is Primary, Secondary and Stub zone?
Primary Zone:
In this, the file is saved as normal text file with filename (.dns)
Secondary Zone:
It maintains a read-only copy of zone database on another DNS server. Also, it acts as a back-up server to the primary server by providing fault tolerance and load balancing
Stub Zone:
It consists of a copy of name server and SOA records which is used for reducing the DNS search orders.
What is Intellimirror?
User data management, software installation and maintenance
What is MSI.dll?
File used for Windows to install components. Errors can occur during app installation.
Explain what is the primary function of the domain controller?
Primary function of the domain controller is to validate users to the networks, it also provide a catalog of Active Directory Objects.
Explain what is the way to configure the DHCP server such that it allocates the same IP address to certain devices each time the address is removed?
To configure the DHCP server, you can create a reservation for the device. To create a reservation, you must know the MAC hardware address of the device. To determine the MAC address for a network device you can use the ipconfig or nbs tat command line utilities.
Explain what is the difference between a thread and a computer process?
Computer Process: In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is executed sequentially by a computer system which can run several computer programs concurrently.
Thread: A thread is a several executable program that work together as a single process. For instance, one thread might send an error message to the user; another might handle error signals while the third thread might be executing the original action.
Explain what is INODE?
INODE holds the metadata of files; INODE is a pointer to a block on the disk, and it is unique.
In simple words, it is a unique number allocated to a file in UNIX-like OS.
Explain what is RAID?
Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
It is a strategy for building fault tolerance and increase the storage capacity. On separate drives it allows you to combine one or more volumes so that they are accessed by a single drive letter
How would you connect Active Directory to other third party directory services?
LDAP
Explain what is the major difference between NTFS ( New Technology File System) or FAT (File Allocation Table) on a local server?
For local users FAT (File Allocation Table) and FAT32 provides security, while NTFS ( New Technology File System) provides security for domain users as well as local users. NTFS provides file level security which is not possible through FAT32.
What are the three states of processes?
running, ready, or waiting.
A process
Waiting, Vs. Ready states of processes
Waiting: Waiting for some external event to occur such as user input or a disk access) Ready state (i.e., waiting for permission to use the processor)
What is a thread?
A thread is a single sequence stream within in a process.
What is deadlock?
Deadlock is a situation when two or more processes wait for each other to finish and none of them ever finish.
What are the necessary conditions for deadlock?
Mutual Exclusion: There is a resource that cannot be shared.
Hold and Wait: A process is holding at least one resource and waiting for another resource which is with some other process.
What is Virtual Memory?
The idea of virtual memory is to use disk space to extend the RAM. Running processes don’t need to care whether the memory is from RAM or disk. The illusion of such a large amount of memory is created by subdividing the virtual memory into smaller pieces, which can be loaded into physical memory whenever they are needed by a process.
Three drivers for specific hardware devices
Assembler –
Input to an assembler is an assembly language program.
Compiler –
Loader –
The loader places into memory the machine language version of the user’s program and transfers control to it. Since the loader program is much smaller than the assembler, those makes more core available to user’s program.
What is a system call?
A system call is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system it is executed on. A system call is a way for programs to interact with the operating system.
Types:
Process control: end, abort, create, terminate, allocate and free memory.
File management: create, open, close, delete, read file etc.
/bin directory
Binaries
/boot directory
Boot files
/home directory
Home directories for users
/opt directory
Opt is for installed applications
/mnt is for
/mnt : Stands for “mount”. Contains filesystem mount points. These are used, for example, if the system uses multiple hard disks or hard disk partitions. It is also often used for remote (network) filesystems, CD-ROM/DVD drives, and so on.
/proc directory
Processes shown here as files
/usr
Sometimes for user directories
Sometimes for libraries or executables
/var
Variable. For files that change frequently.
/var/log
Log files
Three file types
- Ordinary files
(text files, etc) - Directories
(Store normal files) - Special Files
Used to represent a real physical device such as a printer, tape drive or terminal, used for Input/Ouput (I/O) operations.
Define Threading
Threading is a segment of a process which divide the code into small parts that are of very light weight and has less b
Why should you avoid using the root account?
It defeats the security model that’s been in place for years. Applications are meant to be run with non-administrative security (or as mere mortals) so you have to elevate their privileges to modify the underlying system. For example, you wouldn’t want that recent crash of Rhythmbox to wipe out your entire /usr directory due to a bug. Or that vulnerability that was just posted in ProFTPD to allow an attacker to gain a ROOT shell.
It’s just good practice on any operating system to run your applications on a user level and leave administrative tasks to the root user, and only on a per-need basis.
