First quarter US history. Flashcards
What is power?
The ability to control someone or something.
What is Authority?
Power with the right to control power.
What is customs?
Traditions.
What is principles of morality?
Basic ideas about right or wrong.
What is boycott?
To refuse to buy.
What is Lexington and Concord?
The two places where there was a fight between the rebels and the British soldiers, and that’s what started the Revolutionary War.
What is the Boston Massacre?
The clash in 1770 between British troops and a group of Bostonians in which 5 colonists were killed.
Who is King George III?
King George was the king of Great Britain during the American Revolution. He passed many harsh and unfair laws taking away the rights of the colonists that eventually led to the Revolution.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
The British Decree prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachians.
What is Jamestown?
First successful colony in the new world, in Jamestown, Virginia
What is the Stamp Act?
The 1765 British degree taxing all legal papers issued in the colonies.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
The document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States as a nation independent of Great Britain.
What is the Plymouth Colony?
In 1620 a small group of English settlers landed in Massachusetts they were looking for religious freedom and no taxes.
What is Roanoke?
Site of first English colony in the Americas, starting in 1585.
What is the Quartering Act?
1765 It required the colonies to quarter (provide housing and supplies for the soldiers).
What is the Boston Tea Party?
The 1773 protest against British trade policies in which patriots boarded vessels of the East India Company and threw the tea into the Boston Harbor.
What is Manifest Destiny?
The belief that it was the destiny of the United States to expand to its natural borders.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
The treaty ending the revolutionary war. 1783
What is the Bill of Rights?
The first ten amendments to the constitution, guaranteeing the basic rights of American citizens. (i.e freedom of speech)
What is the Parliament?
The assembly of representatives who make laws in England.
What is the Constitution?
A framework of government. Created in 1787 and includes the legislative, Judicial, and Executive Branches. It’s our current framework of government.
What is the 3/5 Compromise?
a clause to allow a slave to be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation in the Congress. It was proposed in July 1787 during the drafting of the U.S. Constitution at the Constitutional Convention. It was put down by the 13th amendment.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
The plan ratified by the states in 1781, that established a national congress with limited power. It was replaced with the Constitution.
What are amendments?
Changes or additions to a legal document.
What is a compromise?
A solution that satisfies both sides.
What is congress?
A body of elected officials who meet to debate and pass laws.
What it the Constitution?
A document that describes the basic laws and organization of a state or country.
Who are delegates?
People chosen to represent others at a meeting.
What is executive?
Related to the branch of government that enforces laws; the president is part of the executive branch.
What is federal?
Relating to a form of government in which states are united under one central power.
What is judicial?
Related to the branch of government that contains the court system, including the Supreme Court.
What is legislative?
Related to the branch of government that makes laws; Congress is the legislative branch.
What is preamble?
The introductory part of the Constitution that explains the reason for and purposes of the laws.
What is the Revolutionary War?
A war from 1755 to 1783 that gave the american colonies independence from great britain.
What is unanimous?
Having the agreement of all.
What is the first amendment?
Congress cannot make a law that affects the establishment of religion, restricts a person’s right or the press’s right to free speech, or restricts the right of people to gather together in a peaceful manner.
What is the second amendment?
Citizens have the right to own guns.
What is the third amendment?
During times of peace soldiers cannot take up residence in someone else’s house without that owner’s permission.
What is the fourth amendment?
A person, his house and belongings cannot be searched or taken, and he cannot be given a warrant without good reason.
What is the fifth amendment?
You cannot be tried for a serious crime without a Grand Jury deciding there is enough evidence for a trial.
What is the sixth amendment?
A person should be given a speedy and public trial by a jury of his peers in the state and district where he committed the crime.
What is the seventh amendment?
A person has the right to a jury in a civil case where more than $20 is being disputed.
What is the 8th amendment?
Excessive bail and/or fines shall not be ordered, and cruel and unusual punishments can’t be imposed.
What is the 9th amendment?
You have rights beyond those listed in the Constitution.
What is the 10th amendment?
Areas and laws that aren’t governed or prohibited directly by the Constitution may be made by individual states
What is the Frontier Line?
The land between civilization and wilderness.
What is the Northwest Territory?
The land north of the Ohio River & was created into 5 states
What is surveyed?
To measure land to determine the exact boundaries of a given area. Used for townships.
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
The 1787 law that set forth a plan of government for the townships 36 sq miles at one dollar an acre in the Northwest Territory. Created by Thomas Jefferson. The law banned slavery, gave freedom of religion and trial by jury. 60,000 citizens in territory to apply for statehood.
What is Republicanism?
For the country to thrive its citizens need certain virtues. These include a sense of equality, simplicity, and to sacrifice for the public good.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
The United States’ purchase from France (Napoleon) in 1803 of land west of the Mississippi. Jefferson purchased all 800,000 square miles for $15 million.
What were Lewis’ and Clark’ expeditions?
The expeditions from 1804-1806 that explored the Louisiana Territory.
What is Tributary?
A river that flows into a larger river.
Who was Zebulon Pike?
An army officer who lead an expedition in 1805 to the Southern half of the Louisiana purchase. He was hired to find the head waters of the Red River, but never found it. He never climbed the famous peak in Colorado that bears his name.
Who was Sacajawea/Shoshoni Indians?
She was a teenage Indian who helped navigate Lewis and Clark as they explored the Louisiana Purchase. This nomadic tribe gave horses to the expedition that was invaluable to the success of the journey to the Pacific Ocean.
What is the Missouri River?
To start the expedition it was the river which Lewis and Clark and other men traveled up in flat bottomed river boats called pirogues.
Who was Andrew Jackson?
Our 7th president elected in 1829. Elected as a man of the frontier. He wrote Indian Removal Act. Nicknamed “Old Hickory.”
What is Mormonism?
A religion founded by Joseph Smith in 1820. After Smith’s death, followers followed Brigham Young to the Rocky Mountains as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). The term Mormon comes from the Book of Mormon.
What is the Indian Removal Act?
The 1830 law that authorized the president to move Eastern Indians to public lands west of the Mississippi.
What does it mean to Relocate?
To move to another location.
What is the Trail of Tears?
The forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from their homes in Georgia to the lands in the West in 1838-1839.
What is the South Pass?
A low lying area through the Rocky Mountains in that is now Wyoming. Many trails west used this pass to get through the Rocky Mtns. (i.e. Mormon and Oregon Trail).More than 300 of Fannin’s men were gunned down after the Alamo by Santa Anna.
What is Oregon Country?
The vast region of the Northwest surrounding the Columbia, Snake, and Fraser Rivers claimed by the British.
What is an Emigrant?
A person who leaves one place for another.
What is the Oregon Trail?
The most famous route to the Pacific Northwest from Independence, Missouri to the Columbia River.
What is The Battle of Goliad?
More than 300 of Fannin’s men were gunned down after the Alamo by Santa Anna.
What is a Tejano?
A Mexican living in Texas in the 1800’s. Believed in a de- centralized government. They were angry at Santa Anna making the government centralized.
What is the Battle of the Alamo?
1836 an attack with a mission (a church) in San Antonio by Mexican forces during the Texas revolution. Started over a cannon.
What is the Battle of San Jacinto?
1836 battle in which Texan force under Santa Anna were defeated by, Sam Houston and lost independence to Texas.
What does it mean to Annex?
Add to existing country or area.
What is the Mexican War?
The 1846- 1848 war. Known as Polk’s War. It completed Manifest Destiny.
What was the Bear Flag Revolt?
The 1846 uprising in which Americans(led by John C. Fremont) living in California rebelled against Mexican rule and formed an independent republic.
What does it mean to Rendezvous?
A meeting or get together agreed on in advance with mountain men in the early 1800’s to support the fur trade.
What was the Oregon Treaty?
Polk used the slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” to seal this agreement making the 49th parallel dividing British North America and the United States in 1846.
Who was James K. Polk?
Our 11th president. He told Congress,” Mexico has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil.”
Who was John C. Fremont?
A newcomer to the California region he rebelled against Mexican authority in 1846. His followers made a flag showing a grizzly bear and a single star and declared California the Bear Flag Republic.
What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?
Signed in 1819, Spain sold Florida to the United States for $5 million.
What was the Mexican Cession?
The land that Mexico Ceded to the US in 1848 under the terms of the treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo.
What was the Gadsen Purchase?
The deal from Mexico that got New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million.
What was the California Gold Rush?
The mass migration in California following the discovery of gold in 1849.
What is a Forty-Niner?
A person who took part in the California Gold Rush.
What is Boom Town?
Town that grows rapidly in population as a result of sudden prosperity. (i.e. San Francisco)
10) Cede- To give up.
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
The treaty that ended the Mexican/American war and made the Rio Grande boundary to Texas.
What is Chapultepec?
A Mexican military academy in Mexico City that was defended by young Mexicans in the Mexican-American war. Captured by US forces 1847. Last battle in the Mexican American War.
What was an Abolitionist?
A person who worked in the movement to do away with slavery. Feelings started in the First Great Awakening in the north.
What were the Salem Witch Trials?
Trials in 1692 in the COLONY of Salem, Massachusetts that led to 20 peoples’ death after young girls charged people with practicing witchcraft.
What was the First Great Awakening?
Religious movement in the 13 colonies around 1740. Descibed the agonies of Hell & urged people to go to church and repent their sins. Start of anti-slavery in the north.
What was a Conestoga Wagon?
A horse pulled covered wagon with wide wheels, curved wagon bed, and an arched canvas top.
What is a Mill?
A machine that processes materials such as grain. Used water power and were in the north.
What was a Cotton Gin?
A machine designed to separate seeds from cotton fiber created by Eli Whitney. The machine increased the demand for slaves in the south.
What is Soil Exhaustion?
The overuse of fertile soil. Plantations went west as cotton used up the nutrients of the soil.
What is Sectionalism?
Loyalty to local interests. One of the issues that divided people was the issue of slavery.
What was the Missouri Compromise/Compromise of 1820?
Act in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and forbidding slavery north of the 36 30’ line.
What is Popular Sovereignty?
The pre civil war policy of allowing the voters in a territory to decide whether or not to allow slavery.
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
The 1854 law creating the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowing settlers there to decide whether to permit slavery. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. Both pro and anti slavery forces used violence to control people’s votes.
What was the Second Great Awakening?
A revival of religious faith in the 1800’s. A reaction to FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. Created lots of social organizations. They reformed, jails, education, and the # of work hours per day.
What was the Three – Fifths Compromise?
Created with the Constitution in 1778 to count FIVE slaves as THREE people for the census in the House of Reps. (CONGRESS) = House of Reps and Senate to create laws in the U.S.
What is the Middle Passage?
The journey lasting 3 months of slave ships crossing the Atlantic from Africa.
What were the Slave Codes?
Laws controlling treatment of slaves. Specific rules on what slaves could and couldn’t do on the plantation.
What was the Compromise 1850?
This compromise scraped the 36-30 line and made Calif. a free state. The south would make the Fugitive Slave Law to help catch and return slaves as part of the agreement.
What is a Border State ?
Around the Civil war, a state between the North and the South (i.e. Missouri, Kentucky,)
What were the Confederate States of America?
A nation formed by eleven southern states in 1861. South Carolina was the first to leave Union. This was to be the name of the new country. A new county based on slavery.
What was Richmond, Virginia?
Capital of the Confederate States of America. The capital was moved to Montgomery, Alabama during the last year of the war
What is an Antiseptic?
A germ killing drug. Germs first discovered during the war.
What is an Anesthetic?
A pain killer.
What was the First Battle Bull Run?
The first major battle of the civil war, won by the confederates in 1862
What was the Battle of Shiloh?
The fierce civil war battle at Pittsburg landing on the Tennessee River, won by the union forces in 1862. A major victory for General Ulysses Grant of the Union Army.
What was a Cavalry?
Soldiers on horseback. The South had the best cavalry. Jeb Steward (confederate) invented many of the tactics for using horses in warfare.
What was the Seven Days’ Battle?
A week long battle on Virginia’s York Peninsula in which the confederates forced Union forces to retreat in 1862,
What was the Battle of Antietam?
A Civil war battle, a military draw but a political victory for the Union, near Sharpsburg Maryland in 1862. Europe withdrew support to the South.
What was Emancipation Proclamation?
The announcement on Jan. 1st, 1863 by President Lincoln that all slaves in Confederate territory would be considered free. He could not free the slaves in the North without changing the Constitution. This required approval from Congress.
What is the Draft?
A system of choosing people for required military service.
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
The greatest single battle of the Civil war, won by Union in Pennsylvania in 1863. Pickett’s charge happened on the third day. The turning point of the entire war, the North will win more than it loses.
What was Battle of Vicksburg?
The Union capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi, during the civil war in 1863. Union gains complete control of Mississippi river.
What is segergation?
seperation by race.
What is plessy v ferguson?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of “separate but equal”.
Reconstruction
The period after the civil war lasting from 1865 to 77 when the federal government took action to rebuild the south.
Amnesty
Official pardon
13th amendment
The amendment that abolished slavery.
Black codes
Lawslimiting the freedom of blacks passed by south
Moderate
a person that opposes extreme change
Civil rights
The rights of all citizens
14th amendment
The amendment declaring that all native born or naturalized were citizens and had the same rights as citizens
Scalawags
An insulting term used to describe a white southerner who supported reconstruction
Carpet bagger
Insulting term for northerner to move south during rconstruction.
15 amendment
Amendment that gave everyone the right to vote (color or race)
Lynched
to kill without trial
Compromise of 1877
The agrement that resolved an 1876 election dispute ruthford B hayes to make him president but remove troops from south.
sharecropping
Asystem where farmers would rent land tools ext and landowner would get share of crop
Jimcrow laws
Law that made segerigation legal in facilitys.
