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biomed- hbs > first practical > Flashcards

first practical Flashcards

1
Q

directional terms

A

Words that describe the location of one structure in relation to another. These terms are also used to indicate specific locations on organs or bones.

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2
Q

regional terms

A

Words that describe specific regions or locations on the body.

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3
Q

body planes

A

Words that act like a coordinate system to describe a human in the anatomical position.

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4
Q

body cavities

A

Words that describe the spaces of the body that contain the internal organs, or viscera.

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5
Q

anterior

A

something towards the front of the body

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6
Q

posterior

A

something towards the back of the body

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7
Q

distal

A

a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body

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8
Q

proximal

A

a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body

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9
Q

inferior

A

towards the bottom or away from the head-end of the body

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10
Q

superior

A

to the top or towards the head-end of the body

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11
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface of the body

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12
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body

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13
Q

ventral

A

front half of the body (belly, nose, anything that is forward facing)

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14
Q

dorsal

A

back half of the body (glutes, heels, anything that is backwards facing)

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15
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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16
Q

medial

A

closer to the midline

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17
Q

anatomists

A

an expert in anatomy

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18
Q

axial

A

relating to or situated in the central part of the body, in the head and truck as distinguishing from the limbs like axial skeleton

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19
Q

appendicular

A

Relating to an appendix or appendage, especially the limbs.

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20
Q

anatomical planes

A

A hypothetical plane used to intersect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements.

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21
Q

coronal planes

A

A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portion

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22
Q

sagittal planes

A

a vertical plane which passes through the body longitudinally

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23
Q

transverse plane

A

A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts

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24
Q

median plane

A

a vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and bisects the body into two symmetrical halves: right and left

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25
Q

tissues

A

An integrated group of cells with a common function and/or structure

26
Q

histology

A

The study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues. Also known as microanatomy.

27
Q

organ

A

A collection of tissues in an organism that performs a specific function, such as the heart, brain, skin, and liver.

28
Q

organ system

A

A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.

29
Q

physiology

A

The way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.

30
Q

compound

A

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

31
Q

spongy bone

A

A porous bone found in animals containing red bone marrow.

32
Q

flat bones

A

consist of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have marrow but no marrow cavity. Ex: rib, hip, perineal

33
Q

long bones

A

consist of a shaft and two ends and is longer than it is wide. Consists of a thick outside layer with a marrow filled cavity. The ends of the bone contain spongy bone. Ex: femur

34
Q

irregular bones

A

consist of thin layers of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone and do not fit any of the previous descriptions. Ex: vertebrae, sanctum

35
Q

short bones

A

roughly a cube shape with vertical and horizontal dimensions being approximately equal. They consist of mostly spongy bones. The outside surface is a thin layer of compact bone.

36
Q

radiology

A

A branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease.

37
Q

fracture

A

A crack or break in a bone.

38
Q

compression force

A

occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object, causing it to become compacted.

39
Q

osteoblasts

A

a bone forming cell

40
Q

osteoclasts

A

Any of the large multinucleate cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (as in a fracture that is healing

41
Q

callus

A

Fibrous tissues and cartilage that replace the blood clot at the fracture site

42
Q

x-ray

A

A type of radiation that uses electromagnetic waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the inside of your body. The images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white.

43
Q

ultrasound

A

Imaging that uses sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body.

44
Q

MRI

A

A medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to take pictures of the soft tissues of the body.

45
Q

muscle

A

An organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), specialized for contraction to produce voluntary and involuntary movements of parts of the body

46
Q

tendons

A

A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

47
Q

contraction

A

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue.

48
Q

skeletal muscle

A

An organ specialized for contraction, composed of striated muscle fibers (cells), supported by connective tissue, attached to bone by a tendon or aponeurosis, and stimulated by somatic motor neurons.

49
Q

smooth muscle

A

A tissue specialized for contraction, composed of smooth muscle fibers (cells), located in the walls of hollow internal organs, and innervated by the autonomic motor neurons.

50
Q

cardiac muscle

A

Striated muscle fibers (cells) that form the wall of the heart; stimulated by the intrinsic conduction system and autonomic motor neurons.

51
Q

ATP

A

A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups, which supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes.

52
Q

sarcomere

A

Any of the repeating structural units of striated muscle fibrils

53
Q

actin

A

A contractile protein that is part of the thin filaments in muscle fibers.

54
Q

myosin

A

The contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers.

55
Q

sliding filament theory

A

The explanation of how thick and thin filaments slide relative to one another during striated muscle contraction to decrease sarcomere length.

56
Q

endomysium

A

The delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscle fibers within the smallest bundles.

57
Q

epimysium

A

The external connective-tissue sheath of a muscle.

58
Q

perimysium

A

The connective-tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers.

59
Q

fascicle

A

A small bundle or cluster, especially of nerve or muscle fibers.

60
Q

myofibril

A

A threadlike structure, extending longitudinally through a muscle fiber (cell) consisting mainly of thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin, troponin, and tropomyosin).

biomed- hbs (1 decks)

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