First Long Examination Flashcards
True or False?
When given a choice between two different micropipettes, you should choose the one with a higher volume range.
False, you should choose the one with a lower volume range because it is more accurate.
In a P1000 micropipette, what does the topmost number represent?
Ten times the volume indicated
In a P2, P10, and P20 micropipette, what does the bottom number represent?
Tenths Decimal Place
In a P200 micropipette, what does the volumeter value 200 represent?
200 µL
In a P20 micropipette, what does the volumeter value 125 represent?
12.5 µL
In a P1000 micropipette, what does the volumeter value 075 represent?
750 µL
In a P20 micropipette, what does the volumeter value 020 represent?
2 µL
In a P200 micropipette, what does the volumeter value 050 represent?
50 µL
In a P1000 micropipette, what does the volumeter value 020 represent?
200 µL
What is the capacity of a P1000 micropipette?
200 µL - 1000 µL
What is the capacity of a P200 micropipette?
20 µL - 200 µL
What is the capacity of a P20 micropipette?
2 µL - 20 µL
What is the capacity of a P10 micropipette?
0.5 µL - 10 µL
What is the capacity of a P2 micropipette?
0.1 µL - 2.0 µL
True or False?
The first stop of the plunger button is only used to aspirate a liquid INTO the pipette.
False, it is also used to dispel some of the liquid into the target vessel.
True or False?
Never adjust or set a pipette outside of its allowed volume range as it will instantly and permanently damage the pipette.
True
True or False?
Never drop pipettes on the bench or floor.
True
True or False?
Clean the pipette before and after use with approved disinfectant such as 60% ethanol and by wiping with soft cloth or paper material.
False, the approved disinfectant should have a concentration of 70% ethanol.
True or False?
Keep the pipette at a 45° angle at all times.
False, the pipette should be kept upright at all times.
Why should you press and release the plunger carefully?
To avoid air displacement which can lead to inaccurate volumes.
What is the correct way of dispensing liquids with a volume of 10 µL and above?
By touching the walls of the target vessel
What is the correct way of dispensing liquids with volumes below 10 µL?
Directly into the bottom of the target vessel or into the liquid already present
What is the suggested immersion depth if you are going to aspirate 0,1 - 1.0 µL of a liquid?
1 mm
What is the suggested immersion depth if you are going to aspirate 1 - 100 µL of a liquid?
2 mm - 3 mm
What is the suggested immersion depth if you are going to aspirate 100 - 1000 µL of a liquid?
2 mm - 4 mm
What is the suggested immersion depth if you are going to aspirate 1000 - 10,000 µL of a liquid?
3 mm - 6 mm
What are the four biosafety and biosecurity practices?
1) Substitution or Elimination
2) Administrative Controls
3) Engineering Controls
4) Personal Protective Equipment
What does HEPA stand for?
High Efficiency Particulate Air
What size of particles cannot enter a HEPA filter?
> 3.0 microns
How does air flow through a Class I Biosafety Cabinet?
1) Air Flows Through Sash Opening
2) HEPA Filter
3) Exhaust
How does air flow through a Class II Biosafety Cabinet?
1) Air Flows Through Sash Opening
2) Inlet Grill
3) HEPA Filter Towards Environment; HEPA Filter Towards Biosafety Cabinet
What are the five classifications of laboratory or healthcare waste?
(A) Non-Risk (B) Special Attention (C) Infectious/Highly Infectious (D) Other Hazardous (E) Radioactive
What are the three subcategories of non-risk waste?
(A1) Recyclable
(A2) Biodegradable
(A3) Others
What are the five subcategories of biomedical waste requiring special attention waste?
(B1) Human Anatomical Waste (B2) Sharps (B3) Pharmaceutical Waste (B4) Cytotoxic Pharmaceutical Waste (B5) Blood and Bodily Fluids
What are the three subcategories of pharmaceutical waste?
(B31) Non-Hazardous
(B32) Potentially Hazardous
(B33) Hazardous
Infectious and highly infectious waste that includes blood and its derivatives, other body fluids or excreta from clinically confirmed infected persons, or animals with hazardous communicable diseases
(C1) Infectious Waste
Infectious and highly infectious waste that includes culture and stocks with any viable biological agents artificially cultivated to significantly elevated numbers, including dishes and devices used to transfer, inoculate, and mix cultures of infectious agents and infected animals
(C2) Highly Infectious Waste
Type of waste that exhibits toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive, explosive, shock sensitive, and cyto- or genotoxic properties
(D) Other Hazardous Waste
What is the colour code for wastes that are relatively non-hazardous?
Black
What is the colour code for infectious and radioactive wastes?
Yellow
What is the colour code for hazardous pharmaceutical waste and other hazardous waste?
Brown
What is the colour code for biodegradable wastes?
Green
What are the amino acids that Coomassie Brilliant Blue can bind to?
1) Arginine
2) Histidine and Lysine (Basic Amino Acids)
3) Tryptophan, Tyrosine, and Alanine (Amino Acids with Aromatic Residues)
What are the binding forces that binds Coomassie Brilliant Blue to the amino acids?
1) Hydrophobic Interaction
2) van der Waal’s
True or False?
The Kjeldahl Method can only be used to estimate the amount of purified proteins.
False, this is the limitation of UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.
Why do you need a denaturing buffer for UV-Vis Spectrophotometry?
To unfold proteins and expose the aromatic residues
Describe the chemical reactions that occur in the Biuret Method
1) Copper ions react with the nitrogen of peptide bonds
2) Absorbance of the product is measured with spectrophotometer
Describe the chemical reactions that occur in the Lowry Assay
1) Copper ions are reduced by the proteins (RedOx Reaction)
2) Reduced copper ions will react with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent
3) Absorbance of the product is measured with spectrophotometer
Describe the chemical reactions that occur in the Bicinchoninic Acid Assay
1) Copper ions are reduced by the proteins (RedOx Reaction)
2) Reduced copper ions will react with Bicinchoninic Acid
3) Absorbance of the product is measured with spectrophotometer
What comprises the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent?
1) Phosphomolybic Acid
2) Phosphotungstic Acid
What comprises the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent?
1) Phosphomolybic Acid
2) Phosphotungstic Acid
While conducting the Bradford Assay, you realize that the absorbance of the sample falls outside the range of the standard curve. What should you do?
1) Dilute the Sample
2) Add Another Point in Standard
What comprises the grinding buffer?
1) 0.3 M Mannitol
2) Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) at pH 7.4
What does the equation of the line stand for in the protein standard curve?
absorbance = m(protein concentration) + b
How do you solve for the final concentration of the protein?
protein concentration x dilution factor
What is the formula for the dilution factor?
final volume ÷ amount of sample added
