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Eye Anatomy + Drugs > First Lecture > Flashcards

First Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The most external part of the eye which provides barrier for drugs

A

The Cornea

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2
Q

The innermost layer of the eye

A

Retina

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3
Q

Most exterior Lipophilic part of the cornea

A

Epithelium layer

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4
Q

The layer of cornea which is the innermost and provides nutrients from internal to external part of the eye

A

Endothelium layer of Cornea

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5
Q

Biggest layer of the Cornea which is hypophilic

A

Stroma

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6
Q

Part of the eye that is responsible for accommodation for near reading

A

The lens accommodates for Near reading but relaxes for Far

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7
Q

Part of the eye that helps with details or High definition

A

The Macula

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8
Q

Which vessels in the eye carry the drugs systematically

A

Episcleral vessels which are in the Epithelium layer of sclera

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9
Q

What happens when transcorneal absorption is increased?

A

Drug will stay around the cornea (anterior segment) longer

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10
Q

What is diagnostic drugs used for

A

To diagnose for example: dilators

And also for anesthesia

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11
Q

Glaucoma medications

A 
GOTY: 
Green (Miotics)
Orange CAI's (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) 
Teal (Prostaglandins) 
Yellow or blue B-blockers
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12
Q

Red cap medication

A

Mydriatics and Cyclopegics
Red means STOP and think whether patient really needs it because it will cause the patient to have low vision and discomfort

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13
Q

Gray color cap

A

NSAIDS used for inflammation and pain management following a surgery

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14
Q

Pink color caps

A

Steroids (Antibiotics)

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15
Q

Brown color caps

A

Anti-infective used to treat infection

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16
Q

Green cap

A

For Glaucoma and for accommodation problems

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17
Q

Why does Glaucoma have such variety of medications

A

Because it’s a chronic eye disease and patient have to take life long

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18
Q

What are important things to cover before giving a drug to a patient

A

Patient compliance, Cost, Systematic disease, pregnant women, pediatrics

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19
Q

Drug discussion includes

A 
Mechanism of action
clinical uses
Dosage
side effects
drug to drug interactions
20
Q

Ideal characteristics of ophthalmic drug delivery system

A 
Corneal Penetration
Maximized absorption 
Simple instillation 
Reduced frequency of administration 
Compliance
Low toxicity and side effects
Ideal concentrations
21
Q

The viscous the medication the higher the —– and the slower—-through the cornea

A

The more viscous the drug the higher the bioavailability and the slower it takes to penetrate through the layers of the cornea and by the tissues

22
Q

Steroids are what kind of topical drug

A

Suspension, particles are larger in size

23
Q

What is the role of surfactants in topical medication

A

Stabilization and protects the medication from getting oxidized and go bad

24
Q

Restasis is used for

A

Severe Dry eye

25
Q

Most common mixtures of Emulsions

A

Glycerin
Polysorbate 80
Caster oil

26
Q

Examples of Emulsions

A

Restasis
Refresh
Endura

27
Q

What type of topical medication is used for Corneal abrasion

A

Ointments like
Erythromycin(antibiotic) Tobramycin(antibiotic)
Tobradex(antibiotic with steroids) dual action drug

28
Q

What topical medication is used for kids

A

Ointments and sprays (used as diagnostic drug for kids)

29
Q

Examples of Gel form medications

A

Pilocarpine(pilopine HS)=carbopol gel
Timoptic XE
GenTeal (lubricant) over the counter

30
Q

What is Timoptic XE

A

A B-blocker used for Glaucoma. Once the medication touches the cornea it will act as an ointment

31
Q

What kind of drug application is used for Blepharitis

A

Lid Scrubs specifically Eyelid Cleansers

32
Q

What are Filter paper strips used for?

A 
Used for staining
To disclose:
Corneal injuries
Herpes Simplex
DES (dry eye syndrome)

In general to examine the anterior segment (cornea) of the eye.

33
Q

What is pseudomonas aeroginosa

A

A pathogen that causes cornea lesion such as ulcers in patients with contact lens.

34
Q

Sodium Fluorescein is used for

A

Cornea disclosure and to check the pressure of the eye

35
Q

RGP fitting

A

We take a hard lens apply then Fluorescein to examine the pattern of the lens to see if its to flat or if there is good movement

36
Q

What are some filter paper strips

A

Sodium Fluorescein
Lissamine Green
Rose Bengal

37
Q

Difference between Lissamine Green and Rose Bengal

A

Rose Bengal causes more side effects like burning sensation

38
Q

What method is used to treat cornea dystrophy, Corneal erosion, Epithelial defects and wounds after surgery

A

Contact lenses

39
Q

Example of soft contact lenses used to help heal the cornea

A

Purevision

Acuvue oasys

40
Q

Superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) is caused by

A

Dry eye
Contact lens solution
Medication toxicity

41
Q

Corneal shields used for

A

Made of collagen to protect the cornea against scarring post surgery

42
Q

Cornea shields are larger than soft lenses so they also cover the

A

The Conjuctiva

43
Q

Artificial tear insert is used for

A

Severe DES

44
Q

Artificial tear inserts once in the eye act as

A

Ointments

45
Q

Artificial tear insert also called Lacrisert one advantage and disadvantage are

A

Advantage: Preservative free and one time apply
Disadvantage: difficult application for elderly patients

46
Q

What is Ocusert(pilocarpine) drug used for

A

Like a cotton pledge used for Glaucoma

47
Q

What are Mydriatic drugs

A

A drug such as atropine or Phenylephrine that causes the pupil to dilate

Eye Anatomy + Drugs (1 decks)

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