First Knowledge Check Prep

Question 1

What are the properties of life?

Answer 1

1. cell
2. ability to reproduce
3. growth + development
4. metabolism (all chemical reactions)
5. homeostasis
6. respond to stimuli
7. evolve

Question 2

What is a neutron?

Answer 2

A subatomic particle with no charge.

Question 3

What is a proton?

Answer 3

A subatomic particle with positive charge

Question 4

What is a electron?

Answer 4

A subatomic particle with negative charge

Question 5

What particles are housed in the nucleus?

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons.

Question 6

What is the maximum amount of electron shells are in the first orbital?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

What is the maximum amount of electron shells in the other layers?

Answer 7

8

Question 8

What does an atoms mass consist of?

Answer 8

Protons and neutrons

Question 9

What is the atomic number mean?

Answer 9

The number of protons

Question 10

What is an isotope?

Answer 10

Isotopes are variants of an element that differ in the number of neutrons but have all have the same protons.

Question 11

What is an Ion and what are its two types?

Answer 11

An ion is an atom with a charge. A cation has a positive charge and a Anion has a negative charge.

Question 12

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 12

A covalent bond is when electrons are shared between two atoms

Question 13

Define polar and non-polar covalent bonds.

Answer 13

A polar covalent bond is when electronegativity is different so sharing of electrons is unequal and therefore, one side is positive and one side is negative. A non-polar covalent bond is when two atoms have similar electronegativity and have no charge.

Question 14

Covalent bonds typically occur between …

Answer 14

nometals.

Question 15

Water form a ______ bond

Answer 15

Polar covalent bond

Question 16

What is an Ionic bond?

Answer 16

An Ionic bond is when electronegativity is too different between atoms so one side steals all of the electrons and becomes a negative ion and the other side becomes a positive ion.

Question 17

Hydrogen bonds occur in

Answer 17

polar molecules

Question 18

Hydrophilic polar molecules…

Answer 18

are soluble in water because they form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 19

Hydrophobic non-polar molecules

Answer 19

are not soluble in water because they do not form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 20

Protein is an example of a ______ covalent bond

Answer 20

Polar

Question 21

Oil is an example of a ______ covalent bond

Answer 21

Non-polar

Question 22

What are the three main domains of life?

Answer 22

1. Bacteria
2. Eukarya
3. Archae

Question 23

Why is it advantageous for cells to be small?

Answer 23

The surface area of a cell increases at a different rate than the volume of the cell (SA = Vol^2
). So, cells need to be tiny in order to maximize the ratio between surface area and volume.

Question 24

What is the Plasma Membrane in a cell

Answer 24

it is a barrier that regulates movements of substances inside

Question 25

Cytosol is ...

Answer 25

the fluid that surrounds all organelles

Question 26

A nucleus is ...

Answer 26

Site of ribosome production and home of DNA (ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 27

Ribosomes

Answer 27

Site of protein synthesis, a copy is taken of MRNA from DNA to make primary structures of proteins

Question 28

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 28

Modifies proteins made by ribosomes located on it (ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 29

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 29

Takes Proteins modified by the rough ER and packages them up in the vesicles bound for exportation out of the cell. ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 30

Smooth ER

Answer 30

Location of lipid synthesis and Ca2+ storage (ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 31

Peroxisomes

Answer 31

Detoxify hydrogen peroxide into less harmful substances (ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 31

Lysosomes

Answer 31

Digest and recycle substance in the cell (old organelles, food, components of the cell membrane) (ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 31

Mitochondria

Answer 31

Powerhouse, produces atp through cellular respiration (ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 31

Chloroplasts

Answer 31

location of photosynthesis in plant cells which results in production of oxygen and glucose (ONLY PRESENT IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 31

Cytoskeleton

Answer 31

Serves as the cell's skeleton by providing structural support and a highway system (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules)

Question 32

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 32

Consists of 1.Nuclear envelope 2.Rough and Smooth ER 3.Golgi Apparatus 4.Vesicle 5.Plasma Membrane 6.Lysosomes This system is involved in the production, modification and transportation of proteins and lipids.

Question 33

What organelles are unique to plants cells?

Answer 33

Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts

Question 34

What is the Endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 34

The idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from ancestral prokaryotes.

Question 35

What evidence exists to support the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 35

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, are surrounded by two or more membranes, have ribosomes and enzymes similar to those in bacterial cells

Question 36

PUT IMAGE OF CELL

Question 37

PUT IMAGE OF PLANT CELL

Question 38

IMAGE OF CELL MEMBRANE

Question 39

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 39

A barrier that protects the intracellular space, regulates what enters and leaves the cell (semipermeable)

Question 40

Peripheral protein

Answer 40

Tethering points for the cytoskeleton and enzymes

Question 41

Integral Proteins

Answer 41

Channels/carriers and receptors