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History Of Photography > First Half of Course > Flashcards

First Half of Course Flashcards

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1
Q

Camera Obscura

A

“Dark Room”

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2
Q

Camera lucida

A

Light projected image onto paper. Used for drawing and painting.

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3
Q

Heliography

A

Sun Drawing

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4
Q

Niecephore Niepce

A

“Inventor of Photography”

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5
Q

World’s Oldest surviving image

A

Heliography by Niepce in 1826

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6
Q

Niepce 10 year collaboration

A

Daguerre

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7
Q

1837

A

First Daguerreotype

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8
Q

Daguerreotype

A

Invented by Louis Daguerre. No multiple prints. Long exposure

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9
Q

3 Advancements making portraits possible?

A
  1. f/3.6 lens
  2. “Quick Stuff” Light sensitivity of plate increased by recoating with bromine.
  3. Gold Chlorine - Made the surface more durable
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10
Q

Who invented the Calotype?

A

Henry Fox Talbot

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11
Q

1853

A

First Calotype Negative

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12
Q

Played around with camera Lucida on his honeymoon to Italy (Unsuccessful)

A

Henry Fox Talbot

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13
Q

Southworth and Hawes had a studio in?

A

Boston

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14
Q

Southworth and Hawes used?

A

Dagguereotype

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15
Q

Which photographers brought daguerreotype exposures down to 2 minutes rather then 3 hours?

A

Southworth and Hawes

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16
Q

What were head clamps used for?

A

To keep subject’s still due to long exposures/

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17
Q

Where were daguerreotypes popular and why?

A

In NYC because it was sunnier than in London.

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18
Q

The Wet Plate process was invented by?

A

Frederick Scott Archer

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19
Q

What does the Wet plate process do?

A

processes a sheet of glass while still wait and can create a negative

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20
Q

Ambrotype

A

A type of wet plate process. Could become positive by placing on black paper. Usually enclosed in leather cases.

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21
Q

Tin Type

A

A type of wet plate process. Could expose positive onto metal plate. Immediate process, could be sent by mail to others or kept in your pocket.

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22
Q

Who invented the Tin Type?

A

Hamilton L. Smith

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23
Q

Who was the FIRST war photographer?

A

Roger Fenton

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24
Q

What type of format did Roger Fenton use?

A

The Wet plate process. He had a dark room in his wagon.

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25
Q

Who photographed the controversial image “ Shadow of the Valley of Death”?

A

Roger Fenton

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26
Q

Who photographed the Civil War?

A

Matthew Brady

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27
Q

Matthew Brady specialized in 17x20 inch enlargements called?

A

Imperials

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28
Q

Who gave us the terms; hypo, positive, negative?

A

Sir John Herschell

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29
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the calotype?

A

Able to mass produce unlamented number of positives, but quality not as good.

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30
Q

1840

A

Calotype

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31
Q

What is the Pencil of Nature?

A

A book

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32
Q

What else was Henry Fox Talbot known for?

A

He wrote a book called the Pencil of Nature

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33
Q

What did Hill and Adamson use?

A

The calotype

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34
Q

What did Hill and Adamonson specialize in?

A

Outdoor studio portraits. Faster exposures.

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35
Q

Who created the first painting from photographs? Of what?

A

Hill and Adamson, of ministers of the New Church/

36
Q

What were Adamson and Hill’s roles?

A

Adamson: Photographer
Hill: Painter

37
Q

He was in debt after photographing the Civil War

A

Matthew Brady

38
Q

Why did some members from Brady’s team of photographers leave?

A

Brady had control over images and dint give them money of copyright.

39
Q

Who photographed “Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter” (Moving the dead soldier)

A

Alexander Gardiner

40
Q

He photographed war and the dramatic midwest and took portraits of Native American’s in their own environment.

A

Timothy O’Sullivan

41
Q

Joined Clarence Kings Geological Exploration of the 40th Parralell

A

Timothy O’Sullivan

42
Q

William Henry Jackson

A

Landscape/frontier photographer

43
Q

What size camera did William Henry Jackson use?

A

20x24

44
Q

Carte De Visites

A

Cheap albumen prints. Ridiculed by Daguerreotypists because of its poor quality.

45
Q

Who created Cartes de Visites?

A

Disderi in 1854

46
Q

What did Nadar use?

A

The collodian process

47
Q

The first to photograph from a Balloon?

A

Nadar

48
Q

The first photographer to experiment with electric light?

A

Nadar

49
Q

Which photographer photographed the catacombs?

A

Nadar

50
Q

What is “Le Geant”

A

Balloon photography

51
Q

Ingres

A

A french painted that hired Nadar to created portraits from which he painted.

52
Q

Which photographer preferred to use poor quality lenses?

A

Julia Margaret Cameron

53
Q

What was Julia Margaret Cameron known for?

A

She created powerful portraits and liked poor quality soft look.

54
Q

Who invented the Dry Plate process?

A

B.J Sacre and W.B Bolton

55
Q

What was the birth of the photo finishing industry?

A

The Dry Plate process

56
Q

What was a disadvantage of the Dry Plate Process?

A

Loss of sensitivity. Took 3x as long as the wet plate process.

57
Q

This emulsion freed photographers from the Wet plate process

A

Gelatin

58
Q

You press the button, we do the rest.

A

Kodak Motto

59
Q

1886

A

Kodak

60
Q

Who invented Kodak?

A

George Eastman

61
Q

Bitumen

A

Asphalt

62
Q

What was bitumen used for?

A

sensitive to light. paint solution on piece of glass for daguerreotype.

63
Q

Which process used high quality writing paper instead of glass?

A

Calotype

64
Q

Trompe L’oeil

A

visual illusion in art, used to trick the eye into perceiving 3D object

65
Q

Used natural light, reflectors and mirrors for portraits

A

Hill and Adamson

66
Q

Outdoor studio on Calton Hill

A

Hill and Adamson

67
Q

1843

A

Hill and Adamson create very first painting from photographs.

68
Q

Who discovered hypo?

A

Sir John Herschell

69
Q

What is hypo?

A

Hyposulphite of soda–> dissolves silver salts. Used to wash away unexposed chloride of silver

70
Q

John Shaw Smith

A

Irish photographer who photographed egypt and the pyramids

71
Q

Albumen paper

A

smooth paper coated in eggwhites

72
Q

Who invented Albumen paper?

A

Evrard

73
Q

Charlatans

A

sold photographers for 5-15c each, very poor quality

74
Q

Price War Response

A

Kept prices high, ensured high quality.

75
Q

1856

A

Tin Type

76
Q

Back glass with black paper and end up with a positive

A

Ambrotype

77
Q

Why are their no photo’s of actual war combat by Roger Fenton?

A

Exposures were too long

78
Q

Steroscopic camera

A

Twins lens camera; creates 3D look

79
Q

Photographed the Kansas railway with stereoscopic camera

A

Alexander Gardner

80
Q

Photographed Lincoln 7 times and had the rights to his funeral

A

Alexander Gardner

81
Q

Created huge incredible landscape images, 20x24

A

William Henry Jackson

82
Q

Liverpool Dry Plate company

A

manufactured dry plates and sold them in 1867 - birth of the photofinishing industry. Photographer now able to buy instead of making them themselves.

83
Q

He used portraits to create caricatures?

A

Nadar

84
Q

1870s

A

Dry plate process

85
Q

1880s

A

Huge array of handheld cameras being sold

History Of Photography (6 decks)

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