First Half of Course Flashcards
Camera Obscura
“Dark Room”
Camera lucida
Light projected image onto paper. Used for drawing and painting.
Heliography
Sun Drawing
Niecephore Niepce
“Inventor of Photography”
World’s Oldest surviving image
Heliography by Niepce in 1826
Niepce 10 year collaboration
Daguerre
1837
First Daguerreotype
Daguerreotype
Invented by Louis Daguerre. No multiple prints. Long exposure
3 Advancements making portraits possible?
- f/3.6 lens
- “Quick Stuff” Light sensitivity of plate increased by recoating with bromine.
- Gold Chlorine - Made the surface more durable
Who invented the Calotype?
Henry Fox Talbot
1853
First Calotype Negative
Played around with camera Lucida on his honeymoon to Italy (Unsuccessful)
Henry Fox Talbot
Southworth and Hawes had a studio in?
Boston
Southworth and Hawes used?
Dagguereotype
Which photographers brought daguerreotype exposures down to 2 minutes rather then 3 hours?
Southworth and Hawes
What were head clamps used for?
To keep subject’s still due to long exposures/
Where were daguerreotypes popular and why?
In NYC because it was sunnier than in London.
The Wet Plate process was invented by?
Frederick Scott Archer
What does the Wet plate process do?
processes a sheet of glass while still wait and can create a negative
Ambrotype
A type of wet plate process. Could become positive by placing on black paper. Usually enclosed in leather cases.
Tin Type
A type of wet plate process. Could expose positive onto metal plate. Immediate process, could be sent by mail to others or kept in your pocket.
Who invented the Tin Type?
Hamilton L. Smith
Who was the FIRST war photographer?
Roger Fenton
What type of format did Roger Fenton use?
The Wet plate process. He had a dark room in his wagon.
Who photographed the controversial image “ Shadow of the Valley of Death”?
Roger Fenton
Who photographed the Civil War?
Matthew Brady
Matthew Brady specialized in 17x20 inch enlargements called?
Imperials
Who gave us the terms; hypo, positive, negative?
Sir John Herschell
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the calotype?
Able to mass produce unlamented number of positives, but quality not as good.
1840
Calotype
What is the Pencil of Nature?
A book
What else was Henry Fox Talbot known for?
He wrote a book called the Pencil of Nature
What did Hill and Adamson use?
The calotype
What did Hill and Adamonson specialize in?
Outdoor studio portraits. Faster exposures.
Who created the first painting from photographs? Of what?
Hill and Adamson, of ministers of the New Church/
What were Adamson and Hill’s roles?
Adamson: Photographer
Hill: Painter
He was in debt after photographing the Civil War
Matthew Brady
Why did some members from Brady’s team of photographers leave?
Brady had control over images and dint give them money of copyright.
Who photographed “Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter” (Moving the dead soldier)
Alexander Gardiner
He photographed war and the dramatic midwest and took portraits of Native American’s in their own environment.
Timothy O’Sullivan
Joined Clarence Kings Geological Exploration of the 40th Parralell
Timothy O’Sullivan
William Henry Jackson
Landscape/frontier photographer
What size camera did William Henry Jackson use?
20x24
Carte De Visites
Cheap albumen prints. Ridiculed by Daguerreotypists because of its poor quality.
Who created Cartes de Visites?
Disderi in 1854
What did Nadar use?
The collodian process
The first to photograph from a Balloon?
Nadar
The first photographer to experiment with electric light?
Nadar
Which photographer photographed the catacombs?
Nadar
What is “Le Geant”
Balloon photography
Ingres
A french painted that hired Nadar to created portraits from which he painted.
Which photographer preferred to use poor quality lenses?
Julia Margaret Cameron
What was Julia Margaret Cameron known for?
She created powerful portraits and liked poor quality soft look.
Who invented the Dry Plate process?
B.J Sacre and W.B Bolton
What was the birth of the photo finishing industry?
The Dry Plate process
What was a disadvantage of the Dry Plate Process?
Loss of sensitivity. Took 3x as long as the wet plate process.
This emulsion freed photographers from the Wet plate process
Gelatin
You press the button, we do the rest.
Kodak Motto
1886
Kodak
Who invented Kodak?
George Eastman
Bitumen
Asphalt
What was bitumen used for?
sensitive to light. paint solution on piece of glass for daguerreotype.
Which process used high quality writing paper instead of glass?
Calotype
Trompe L’oeil
visual illusion in art, used to trick the eye into perceiving 3D object
Used natural light, reflectors and mirrors for portraits
Hill and Adamson
Outdoor studio on Calton Hill
Hill and Adamson
1843
Hill and Adamson create very first painting from photographs.
Who discovered hypo?
Sir John Herschell
What is hypo?
Hyposulphite of soda–> dissolves silver salts. Used to wash away unexposed chloride of silver
John Shaw Smith
Irish photographer who photographed egypt and the pyramids
Albumen paper
smooth paper coated in eggwhites
Who invented Albumen paper?
Evrard
Charlatans
sold photographers for 5-15c each, very poor quality
Price War Response
Kept prices high, ensured high quality.
1856
Tin Type
Back glass with black paper and end up with a positive
Ambrotype
Why are their no photo’s of actual war combat by Roger Fenton?
Exposures were too long
Steroscopic camera
Twins lens camera; creates 3D look
Photographed the Kansas railway with stereoscopic camera
Alexander Gardner
Photographed Lincoln 7 times and had the rights to his funeral
Alexander Gardner
Created huge incredible landscape images, 20x24
William Henry Jackson
Liverpool Dry Plate company
manufactured dry plates and sold them in 1867 - birth of the photofinishing industry. Photographer now able to buy instead of making them themselves.
He used portraits to create caricatures?
Nadar
1870s
Dry plate process
1880s
Huge array of handheld cameras being sold
