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Wilderness Safety Training > First Haf > Flashcards

First Haf Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Main Three ost important umbrella concepts we go over in this course.

A
  1. Patient Assesment System
  2. Mcguyvering
  3. Communication
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2
Q

IN terms of the Wilderness context there is always a _____ range of medical protocols

A

Greater

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3
Q

In the wildereness context there is always a _____ of _____ ____

A

Variety of common injuries

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4
Q

When doing PAS and trying to provide treatment who are the two people at risk?

A

Patient and Responder

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5
Q

In the Wildereness context you usually have a ____ of equipment and communication

A

Lack

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6
Q

In the Wilderness context simple injuries may become?

A

Life threartening

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7
Q

Explain the difference between real v ideal

A

No matter what you learn in class or in a textbook, the ideal situation, the real situation is always much different and may require different action. This class i s a foundation for you to build upon

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8
Q

You should always Go Slow to?

A

Go Fast

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9
Q

S.T.O.P. Means?

A

Stop, think observe Plan

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10
Q

What is Macguyveryig?

A

Turning the items and the equipment you have on you and using it in multiple ways,. Making multi use out of items you already have

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11
Q

What is the first thing you do with the PAS?

A

Scene Size up? is the Scene Safe?

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12
Q

What is the Second step you do regarding PAS?

A

LTC’S AND ABCDE’S

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13
Q

What is ABCDE?

A

Airways, Breathing, Circulation (Chunk Check), Disability, Exposure

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14
Q

What is the Third step in the PAS?

A

Head to toe exam, Vital Signs, and Sample

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15
Q

What is the fourth step in PAS?

A

Documentation

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16
Q

What is the fifth step in PAS?

A

Ongoing observation

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17
Q

What is the difference between prone v supine?

A

Prone on stomach v Supine = on back

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18
Q

What does AVUP stand for?

A

Alert and Oriented (4 level scale), Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive

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19
Q

Whats the difference between level

4
3
2
1
of the Alert and Oriented ness scale
A
  1. who, where, when, what
  2. who where, when
  3. who, where
  4. who
  5. unresponsivce
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20
Q

Brain survives off of what tewo things?

A

Oxygen and sugar (and blood)

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21
Q

Prone and Supine are what kind of positions?

A

Anatomical

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22
Q

What are the Top reasons for an altered level of responsiveness (ALor)?

A

STOPEATS

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23
Q

What is Stop EATS?

A

Sugar, Temperature, Oxygen,, Pressure, Electricity, Altitude, Toxins, Salt

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24
Q

What is SAMPLE?

A 
S- Signs and Symptoms
A- Allergies
M- Medication
P= Patient Histoy 
L- Last ins and Outs
E- Events
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25
Q

What should you always do after scene size up and BOI’S? (Gloves, Eyeware, Cover, Washed Hands,Mask)

A

Ask for Consent and Participate in Constantr Communication.

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26
Q

What is MOst common Alor reason on STOP EATS?

A

Sugar and least common is Salt

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27
Q

What are the three main elements of the Scene size up?

A

What do you see- scene safe? MOI- C-SPINE

What do you have - Numbers and resources

What can you do?

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28
Q

Scene saftey. who’s saftey comes first?

A

Your saftey

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29
Q

When you decide to DO somethong you now ____ your patient

A

Own

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30
Q

What do you do when your are planning what to do?

A

Use all available resources and information to make a plan

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31
Q

What is the Multiple Casualty Incidents Triage?

A

Immidiate- immidiete intervention

Delayed- serious but not immidiately life threatening

Minor

Morgue

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32
Q

What are the two main types of evacuation?

A

Assisted and Self

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33
Q

What Type of evacuation is used 90% of the time?

A

Assisted

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34
Q

What type of vaxcuation is used 10% of the tiem?

A

Self evacuation

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35
Q

Assisted evacuation means?

A

Outside help is required

Evacuations provide skills and equipment pros have

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36
Q

Self Evacuation means?

A

NO outside help required

Group manages entire

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37
Q

What are the three levels of evacuation?

A

Level 3- Oh Shit- LTC Needs immediate help

Level 2 - Load and Go Needs help within 4-6 hours

Level 1 stay and Play- Minor, evac within 24 hours

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38
Q

What are the top 4 major reasons to evacuate for Level 3 Oh shit?

A

Chest Pain

Dyspenea (Trouble Bleeding)

Prolonged ALOR

Debilitating Pain

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39
Q

A STABLE Patient might have what three things?

A

Non LTC

No Moi

Consistent Vital Signs

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40
Q

An UNSTABLE Person might have?

A

A life threatening injury

MOI

Inconsistent or tanking vitals

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41
Q

What are SOAP Notes?

A

Subjective

Objective

Assespent

Plan

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42
Q

What are the Purposes of Documentation?

A

Tracking Patient History

Legal Recors

Helps determine course of action

Providing infor for EMS

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43
Q

IN SOAP Notes what does S mean?

A

Subjective (what they tell you)

age-sex-race-moi-cc-sample

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44
Q

IN SOAP Notes what does O Stand for?

A

Objective (What you see)

Vital signs

Physical

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45
Q

IN SOAP Notes what does A Stand for?

A

Assesment

Pt’s problem list

Interventions

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46
Q

IN SOAP Notes what does P stand for?

A

Plan

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47
Q

What is an important thing to remember with Paitent confidentiality and SOAP Notes?

A

Names & Info can only be written for documentatrion

NOT FOR RADIO COMMUNICATION

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48
Q

What are Verbal soap notes?

A

Location Situation Scene

Requested resources

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49
Q

In regards to soap notes if its not written down?

A

It never happened

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50
Q

How long do you legallly keep soap notes for?

A

4-7 years

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51
Q

What are three main reasons injusries occur?

A

Bad Human Juddgement
-Por or unintended use of equipment and alck of kjnoweldge / skills

  1. Environmental conditions
    - terrain weather
  2. Equipment failure
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52
Q

In terms of basic risk management what are the things you should ask yourself?

A

What are the hazards

What happened

Who is at risk, why? How?

Can we reduce or elimnate risk

how do we deal with it

how likely is an occurance

How severe are its consequences

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53
Q

In relation to Injury and Ilness statistics how many outdoor participants became injured or Ill?

A

10%

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54
Q

Out of that 10% injured or ill what percentage was injured v. ill?

A

Injured- 54%

Ill- 46%

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55
Q

In relation to 54% injured what injury happened 43% of the time??

A

Ankle sprain

39%soft tissue injuries

6% fracftures

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56
Q

What four MAJOR things should first aid kits provide?

A

Multi Use
Watar tight compartments

First aid and rescue instructions

Paper and Pencil

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57
Q

You should consider heavily PEOPLE-DURATION-WEIGHT when putting together what?

A

First aid kit

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58
Q

What is one major thing to consider when constructing a first aid kit to bring?

A

OTC’S

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59
Q

What are OT’CS?

A

Over the counter Medications

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60
Q

What are Common OTC Medications?

A 
Asprin
Ibruprophen
Acetaminophen
Disphendramamine
Alamag
Glucose
Electrolytes
Wipes
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61
Q

Analgescis meds are usually used to treat?

A

Pain

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62
Q

Antihistamine are meds used to treat?

A

Allergies

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63
Q

Antipyretics are used to treat?

A

Fevers

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64
Q

Antimetics are used to treat?

A

Vomit

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65
Q

Asprin is usually used for ?

A

Chest Pain

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66
Q

Tylenoal is used for?

A

Muscle Pain?

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67
Q

Whata re good glucose things to carry to stabalize sugar?

A

Cake icing

Jello packets

Honey

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68
Q

What are good items to carry for prophylactic Electrolytes?

A

electrolyte tabs, camelback elir

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69
Q

What should ou carry fror reactive electrolytes?

A

Pedialyte

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70
Q

What are the three major types of wipes you should carry?

A

Alchol, Iodide, atiseptic

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71
Q

What are three items that expire?

A

Gloves

Medication

Sterile Items

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72
Q

What is ASR?

A

Acute Stress Reation

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73
Q

Acute Stress reaction is a form of ?

A

Shock

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74
Q

ASR Is common as for of shock as it happens

A

95% of time

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75
Q

What are two common types of (real) shock?

A

Volume and Vasogenic

76
Q

Whatr are some initial signs of shock?

A

Anxiety and restlessness

Nausea

Flushed Skin

Confusion
Dry Mouth’

Disorentarion

77
Q

Later signs of shock?

A

Umbles

Altered Lor

Rpaid and shallow radial pulse

78
Q

What are the three most common reason of volume shock?

A

Bleeding

Dehydration

Burns

79
Q

What is shock exacerbated by?

A

VHOAS

80
Q

With shock Duck syndrome is crucial, what is it?

A

Maintaining compsure, half of all treatment is psychological

You must find and treat underlying cause

81
Q

Shock treatment priciples are?

A

Lay patient Supine

Elevate legs

Insulate

Turn head

82
Q

In relation to shick if the evacuation is within 4- 6hours you shoud?

A

Withold food and water

6 hours, sips of water

83
Q

What should you avoid giving to a patient wit shick?

A

Caffiene,

Alcohil,

Sugars

Salt

84
Q

When should you stop CPR In the wilderness?

A

More than 30 minutes

resusitaton sucess

exahustion

Rescuer placed in danager

85
Q

What is a TBI?

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

86
Q

What are the three common forms of TBI’S?

A

Blunt force trauna (85%)

skull fracture

Unresponsiveness

Goose egg

87
Q

With a TBI any period of unresponsiveness requires what?

A

Immediate evacuation

88
Q

How do you know if it’s head tauma v TBI

A

Head Trauma = No loss of consiousness and No Amenisa

TBI Opposite

89
Q

As time passes the more likely we are to see signs of ICP Which is?

A

Intrcrainial pressure

90
Q

early signs of intracrainial pressure are?

A

Persistent vomitting
ALOR
Sever headache

91
Q

Late signs of ICP Are?

A

DIC Head

Battle signs

Rccoon eyes

Unequal Pupils

Vommiting

Antrograde Amnesia

CSF

Excessive sleepiness

92
Q

What should you remember for treating a tbi v shock?

A

Face is pale raise the tale

Face is red raise the head

REVERSE SHOCK POSTIONS

93
Q

What should you do in cas you need to perform extended care for a TBI?

A

Let patient sleep

watch breath

wake up every 2-3 hours

give them info to remember

Take and use

94
Q

What are the three main components of the spine?

A

C- SPINE

Upper back

Lower back

95
Q

What is the C-spine Equation?

A

A + B = C-SPINE

96
Q

What does A stand for?

A

Cause and MOI

97
Q

what are some causes?

A

Falling on a jagged rock

3 ft above ground

hit head

loss of consiousness

landing on buttocks

98
Q

What does B stand for?

A

Effect (signs and symptoms)

99
Q

What are some symtpoms of a spinal injury?

A

Unsusual warmth in hands

Numbness

Inability to move extremties

trouble Breathing

seizure

Obvious injury to the spine

100
Q

In relation to C-Spine immobilization do NOT

A

Move head or spinal colum

Cover ears or speak negatively

101
Q

In the case of C-SPINE IMMOBILIZATION DO

A

Gently support neck and head

102
Q

Once you shold C-spine what happens?

A

Thats your only job

103
Q

Who is in charge of rolling patient?

A

C spine holder

104
Q

IN relation to moving a c spine patient what do you do?

A

ABC’S Move head slowly first if its to the side

reallign body with slow gentle traction one body part at a time

105
Q

What should you do if someone with a spinal injury is stuck on a tree?

A

Work as a team to elevate the body and move to aflat surace

106
Q

When do you stop holding cspine?

A

When it is immobilized

107
Q

Even though a new study came out whhich says that 98% of all spinal injuries happen initially and not adfter fact we should be cautious about two things?

A

Trouble breathing and a positive moi to take precautions

108
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES What are the signs and symptoms of the cold and flu?

A

Fever over 101

Headache

Nasal Congestion

Coughing

Vomitting

Diaareaa

109
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES What are treatments of cold and flu?

A

Hydration

Hygiene

Rest and Otcs (Antipyrectic

110
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES what are signs and symotms of cnstipation?

A

Infrequent of difficulty with bowell movement

111
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES what are treatments for constioapation

A

Lots of liquids

no fatty foods

sorbitol

112
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES wat is the cause of diarrhea?

A

Reaction to baxcteria based infection within intestinal walls

Dehydration could lead to volume shock

113
Q

What is the treatment to Diarrhea?

A

Eat a bratty diet

114
Q

What does BRATTY stand for?

A

Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, toast, tea yogurt

115
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES What are the sins and symtpoms of Gastrointenstinal Illnesses

A

Abdominal discomfort

Nausea and Vommiting

Diarrhea

116
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES How do you treat Gatrointenstenial Illness?

A

Hydration with electrolytes

OTC ANTIMETHIC

Bland diet

Hygenie

117
Q

In relation to the cold or flu, what are some evacuation considerations to keep in mind?

A

Fever over 102 shortness of breath

weakness

118
Q

What are evacuations to keep in mind for gastrointenstinal illness?

A

Bloddy or coffee ground vomit bloddy or stool urine

sever dehydration

persistent abdminal pain

fever greater than 102

unable to tolerate fluids

119
Q

In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES Whata re seizures?

A

Bodies normal response to extreme or sudden injury disease fever poisioning

120
Q

What are signs of seizures?

A

loss of mobility

Numbness or shaking

Unconscuous

Muscle contractions

chage in emotion

U
Confusion

Loss of basic senses

121
Q

How long do seizures usually last

A

Rarely over 2 minutes

122
Q

During a seizure do NOT ?

A

Srtick anything in mouth

123
Q

What should tyou do during seizure?

A

Take notes:

Protect head

Soft skills

124
Q

What should you take notes on during a seizure?

A

What happened

how many they had

any triggers how long it was

125
Q

Most seuzures are non ltc but may indicate?

A

Underlying problem

126
Q

Seizures are usually followed by?

A

Postical phase

127
Q

A postical phase is denoted by?

A

confusion, disorintation, drowsiness, fatigue

128
Q

During a seizure, Evacuate immediately if?

A

Fisrt time seizure occurance
seizure occured for unknown reasons

Multiple seizures in short period of time

129
Q

In a diabetic emergency what is Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Body;s inabiity to maintain insulin levels
Insulin helps metabolize sugards and fats
Insulin made in pancreas

130
Q

What is Type 1 diabetes v type 2 ?

A

1- lack of unsulin

2-inability to use insulin (sugar substitute)

131
Q

What is Hypoglycemia?

A

Low blood sugar

can occure by skipping meal

132
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Hypoglycemia?

A 
Alor
Rapid hr
rr normal or shallow 
bp slightly elevated
normal breath odor
133
Q

Hyperlycemia is?

A

High blood sugar

Rare

Long time to develop

134
Q

Symptoms of Hyperglycemia?

A

alor

increased hunger or appetitie
increaed urine

HR weak

Breath or odor may be sweet

135
Q

What are treatments for Diabetic emergencies?

A

SUGAR

GLUCOSE KIT

ORAGNE JUICE

136
Q

Are wildlife first aiders allowed to administer insulin?

A

No

137
Q

Whata re the three types of strokes?

A

Ischemic

Hemoragic

Mini sroke

138
Q

schemic is blood clots and happens?

A

87%

139
Q

Hemoragic is internal bleeding and happens 13%

A

t

140
Q

Whata re stroke symptoms?

A

Numbess or weakness on 1 side of body

confusion

trouble seeing

walking

sever headaches

141
Q

What are three major signs of a stroke in women?

A

Hiccuos

Chest pain

shortness of breath

142
Q

How do you go about recognizing a stroke?

A

FAST

143
Q

FAST Stands for?

A

FACE ARMS SPEECH TIME

144
Q

What should you do for stroke management?

A

Evacuate for definitive care?

Administer aspriin as long as there is not visual disturbances

145
Q

In relation to heat illnesses what i8s the common progressio of heat illnesses?

A

Sweating

heat cramps

Heat exahustion

Hyperthermia

146
Q

Whagt are heat exhaustion symptoms?

A

Sweating Pale
Headache
nAUSEAS

mUSCLE cRAMPS
Dark yellow urine

elevated hr rr

147
Q

Heat exahustion treatent looks like?

A

water and electrolytes

dont use salt tablets

fabn

allow lethargic patients to sleep

148
Q

Heat strike can be a ltc, how?

A

Red hot dry skin

classic shock

core temp above 1-4

headache

elevated hr rr

149
Q

Heat strike treatment for sever looks like

A

Reduce body core temp

If consious give smalll amounts of ICE

No antipyrectics

150
Q

What does dehydration look like?

A

thirst

dry mouth

rapid breathe

rapid heartbeat

fatigue

headache

sever dizinessunconscious

151
Q

What is dehydration caused by/

A

LOss of fluid
not drinking enough

vommiting or diarrhea

152
Q

Treatment for deydration

A

Oral rehydration salts

electrolytes

water

AOID SUGAR DRINKS

153
Q

Ways to prevent dehdraton

A

Drink 3-4 qts a day

Prevention is key

154
Q

What is Hypotremia?

A

Loss of fluids and electrolytes through sweat

155
Q

Signs of hyponatremia?

A

Swelling of ingers and joint

alor

nauseaus vomit

Possible seizures

156
Q

How do your treat hypinatremia

A

Eating salty foods

resting in a cool place

Restor electrolytes

monitor

157
Q

What is the progression for cold injuries?

A

Goosebups

shivering

frostbite

Hypothermisa?

158
Q

What is Frostbite?

A

Vasoconstriction A generally occurs on extremities

Measured same as burns

159
Q

Frostbite treatment is?

A

End exposure to cold

Re warm slowly i warm water

DO NOT RUB EXTREIIRES

UTILIZE OTHER WARM BODIES

Give 400 mg ibruprohen ev six hours

160
Q

Frostbte prevention =

A

Wear adequate clothing

Avoid tight constricting clothing

wear mittens

Avoid contact with metals

stay well hudrated

maintain high caloris diet

161
Q

In terms of frostbit what is better than numb?

A

Tingling anf Pain

162
Q

In relation to mild hypothermia you should loo for similar signs and symptoms to?

A

Shock

163
Q

In relation to hyopthermia you should look for the?

A

Umbles

Extremities may be numb

Fast and slow breathing

tired

stimach ache

164
Q

Sever hypothermia looks like?

A

Loss of mscle cordination

skin pale

dosporentation

sivering ma stop

orratinal behavior

165
Q

How do you treat hypothermia?

A

Food is they key

166
Q

Mild hypothermia treatement is best treated by?

A

An ice cold coke

167
Q

Mild hypothermia treatment looks like/

A

end exposure to cold

remove wet clothing

DEPLOY HUMAN BURRITO

re warm SLOWLY BODY CORE FIRST

168
Q

Wht is the hyuman burrito?

A

1 tarp, sleeping bad, padding, patient

169
Q

How do you evacuate a hypthermic patient?

A

Pckage witgh added heat source

Gentle with Horicontal position at all times
NO CPR IF CHEST FROZEN

170
Q

What should you never wear in cold and wet environments?

A

Cotton

171
Q

How o you prevent altitude illness?

A

Dont exert yourself

Avoid respiratory surpressents

stay fit

hydrate

CLIMB HIGH SLEP LOW

172
Q

What two OTC’s have been proven to help prevent altitude sickenss by 30%

A

Ibeprofufen and Aceteminophen

173
Q

How much should you take a day? 600mg

A

600 mg

174
Q

You should tyake how many?

A

1 a day prior and during

175
Q

what is acute mnt sickness?

A

Most common altititude related

176
Q

Where does AMS Occure?

A

6-8,000 ftq

177
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of AMS

A

Secere persistent headache

nausea and or vommiting

lastitude

nosebleeds

dizziness

peripheral

178
Q

Whagt is High altitude cerebral edema?

A

Fatal LTC]

Brain tissue swells causing pressure

179
Q

Signs and Symptoms of High altittude cerebral edema

A

AMS PLUS

Alor
mood swings

headache

seizure or coma

atacialack of muscle cord

180
Q

How do your trat ams and HACE?

A

Descened immediately

Rehydrate

Ibrprophen

light exercise

181
Q

If aigns persist?

A

Evac now

182
Q

What is High altitutde Pulmonafry edema?

A

Occurs between day 2-4

accumulation of fluids in lungs

183
Q

Signs and symptoms of HAPE?

A

Difficutl breathe

Pink sptum

chest tightness
fast shallow

increased heart rate

184
Q

How to treat HAPE?

A

DESCEND IMMIDIATELY

SUPP OXUGEN

ASTHMA INHALER 2-4 PUFFS HOUR

TADLAFIL

185
Q

What are some evacuation guidlines to keep in mind with altittude?

A

Any patirent must descend immideatey

Many patients who descnd and recover may climb back up

Wilderness Safety Training (1 decks)

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