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First Haf Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Main Three ost important umbrella concepts we go over in this course.

A
  1. Patient Assesment System
  2. Mcguyvering
  3. Communication
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2
Q

IN terms of the Wilderness context there is always a _____ range of medical protocols

A

Greater

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3
Q

In the wildereness context there is always a _____ of _____ ____

A

Variety of common injuries

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4
Q

When doing PAS and trying to provide treatment who are the two people at risk?

A

Patient and Responder

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5
Q

In the Wildereness context you usually have a ____ of equipment and communication

A

Lack

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6
Q

In the Wilderness context simple injuries may become?

A

Life threartening

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7
Q

Explain the difference between real v ideal

A

No matter what you learn in class or in a textbook, the ideal situation, the real situation is always much different and may require different action. This class i s a foundation for you to build upon

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8
Q

You should always Go Slow to?

A

Go Fast

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9
Q

S.T.O.P. Means?

A

Stop, think observe Plan

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10
Q

What is Macguyveryig?

A

Turning the items and the equipment you have on you and using it in multiple ways,. Making multi use out of items you already have

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11
Q

What is the first thing you do with the PAS?

A

Scene Size up? is the Scene Safe?

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12
Q

What is the Second step you do regarding PAS?

A

LTC’S AND ABCDE’S

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13
Q

What is ABCDE?

A

Airways, Breathing, Circulation (Chunk Check), Disability, Exposure

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14
Q

What is the Third step in the PAS?

A

Head to toe exam, Vital Signs, and Sample

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15
Q

What is the fourth step in PAS?

A

Documentation

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16
Q

What is the fifth step in PAS?

A

Ongoing observation

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17
Q

What is the difference between prone v supine?

A

Prone on stomach v Supine = on back

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18
Q

What does AVUP stand for?

A

Alert and Oriented (4 level scale), Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive

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19
Q

Whats the difference between level

4
3
2
1
of the Alert and Oriented ness scale
A
  1. who, where, when, what
  2. who where, when
  3. who, where
  4. who
  5. unresponsivce
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20
Q

Brain survives off of what tewo things?

A

Oxygen and sugar (and blood)

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21
Q

Prone and Supine are what kind of positions?

A

Anatomical

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22
Q

What are the Top reasons for an altered level of responsiveness (ALor)?

A

STOPEATS

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23
Q

What is Stop EATS?

A

Sugar, Temperature, Oxygen,, Pressure, Electricity, Altitude, Toxins, Salt

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24
Q

What is SAMPLE?

A 
S- Signs and Symptoms
A- Allergies
M- Medication
P= Patient Histoy 
L- Last ins and Outs
E- Events
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25
What should you always do after scene size up and BOI'S? (Gloves, Eyeware, Cover, Washed Hands,Mask)
Ask for Consent and Participate in Constantr Communication.
26
What is MOst common Alor reason on STOP EATS?
Sugar and least common is Salt
27
What are the three main elements of the Scene size up?
What do you see- scene safe? MOI- C-SPINE What do you have - Numbers and resources What can you do?
28
Scene saftey. who's saftey comes first?
Your saftey
29
When you decide to DO somethong you now ____ your patient
Own
30
What do you do when your are planning what to do?
Use all available resources and information to make a plan
31
What is the Multiple Casualty Incidents Triage?
Immidiate- immidiete intervention Delayed- serious but not immidiately life threatening Minor Morgue
32
What are the two main types of evacuation?
Assisted and Self
33
What Type of evacuation is used 90% of the time?
Assisted
34
What type of vaxcuation is used 10% of the tiem?
Self evacuation
35
Assisted evacuation means?
Outside help is required Evacuations provide skills and equipment pros have
36
Self Evacuation means?
NO outside help required Group manages entire
37
What are the three levels of evacuation?
Level 3- Oh Shit- LTC Needs immediate help Level 2 - Load and Go Needs help within 4-6 hours Level 1 stay and Play- Minor, evac within 24 hours
38
What are the top 4 major reasons to evacuate for Level 3 Oh shit?
Chest Pain Dyspenea (Trouble Bleeding) Prolonged ALOR Debilitating Pain
39
A STABLE Patient might have what three things?
Non LTC No Moi Consistent Vital Signs
40
An UNSTABLE Person might have?
A life threatening injury MOI Inconsistent or tanking vitals
41
What are SOAP Notes?
Subjective Objective Assespent Plan
42
What are the Purposes of Documentation?
Tracking Patient History Legal Recors Helps determine course of action Providing infor for EMS
43
IN SOAP Notes what does S mean?
Subjective (what they tell you) age-sex-race-moi-cc-sample
44
IN SOAP Notes what does O Stand for?
Objective (What you see) Vital signs Physical
45
IN SOAP Notes what does A Stand for?
Assesment Pt's problem list Interventions
46
IN SOAP Notes what does P stand for?
Plan
47
What is an important thing to remember with Paitent confidentiality and SOAP Notes?
Names & Info can only be written for documentatrion NOT FOR RADIO COMMUNICATION
48
What are Verbal soap notes?
Location Situation Scene Requested resources
49
In regards to soap notes if its not written down?
It never happened
50
How long do you legallly keep soap notes for?
4-7 years
51
What are three main reasons injusries occur?
Bad Human Juddgement -Por or unintended use of equipment and alck of kjnoweldge / skills 2. Environmental conditions - terrain weather 3. Equipment failure
52
In terms of basic risk management what are the things you should ask yourself?
What are the hazards What happened Who is at risk, why? How? Can we reduce or elimnate risk how do we deal with it how likely is an occurance How severe are its consequences
53
In relation to Injury and Ilness statistics how many outdoor participants became injured or Ill?
10%
54
Out of that 10% injured or ill what percentage was injured v. ill?
Injured- 54% Ill- 46%
55
In relation to 54% injured what injury happened 43% of the time??
Ankle sprain 39%soft tissue injuries 6% fracftures
56
What four MAJOR things should first aid kits provide?
Multi Use Watar tight compartments First aid and rescue instructions Paper and Pencil
57
You should consider heavily PEOPLE-DURATION-WEIGHT when putting together what?
First aid kit
58
What is one major thing to consider when constructing a first aid kit to bring?
OTC'S
59
What are OT'CS?
Over the counter Medications
60
What are Common OTC Medications?
``` Asprin Ibruprophen Acetaminophen Disphendramamine Alamag Glucose Electrolytes Wipes ```
61
Analgescis meds are usually used to treat?
Pain
62
Antihistamine are meds used to treat?
Allergies
63
Antipyretics are used to treat?
Fevers
64
Antimetics are used to treat?
Vomit
65
Asprin is usually used for ?
Chest Pain
66
Tylenoal is used for?
Muscle Pain?
67
Whata re good glucose things to carry to stabalize sugar?
Cake icing Jello packets Honey
68
What are good items to carry for prophylactic Electrolytes?
electrolyte tabs, camelback elir
69
What should ou carry fror reactive electrolytes?
Pedialyte
70
What are the three major types of wipes you should carry?
Alchol, Iodide, atiseptic
71
What are three items that expire?
Gloves Medication Sterile Items
72
What is ASR?
Acute Stress Reation
73
Acute Stress reaction is a form of ?
Shock
74
ASR Is common as for of shock as it happens
95% of time
75
What are two common types of (real) shock?
Volume and Vasogenic
76
Whatr are some initial signs of shock?
Anxiety and restlessness Nausea Flushed Skin Confusion Dry Mouth' Disorentarion
77
Later signs of shock?
Umbles Altered Lor Rpaid and shallow radial pulse
78
What are the three most common reason of volume shock?
Bleeding Dehydration Burns
79
What is shock exacerbated by?
VHOAS
80
With shock Duck syndrome is crucial, what is it?
Maintaining compsure, half of all treatment is psychological You must find and treat underlying cause
81
Shock treatment priciples are?
Lay patient Supine Elevate legs Insulate Turn head
82
In relation to shick if the evacuation is within 4- 6hours you shoud?
Withold food and water 6 hours, sips of water
83
What should you avoid giving to a patient wit shick?
Caffiene, Alcohil, Sugars Salt
84
When should you stop CPR In the wilderness?
More than 30 minutes resusitaton sucess exahustion Rescuer placed in danager
85
What is a TBI?
Traumatic Brain Injury
86
What are the three common forms of TBI'S?
Blunt force trauna (85%) skull fracture Unresponsiveness Goose egg
87
With a TBI any period of unresponsiveness requires what?
Immediate evacuation
88
How do you know if it's head tauma v TBI
Head Trauma = No loss of consiousness and No Amenisa TBI Opposite
89
As time passes the more likely we are to see signs of ICP Which is?
Intrcrainial pressure
90
early signs of intracrainial pressure are?
Persistent vomitting ALOR Sever headache
91
Late signs of ICP Are?
DIC Head Battle signs Rccoon eyes Unequal Pupils Vommiting Antrograde Amnesia CSF Excessive sleepiness
92
What should you remember for treating a tbi v shock?
Face is pale raise the tale Face is red raise the head REVERSE SHOCK POSTIONS
93
What should you do in cas you need to perform extended care for a TBI?
Let patient sleep watch breath wake up every 2-3 hours give them info to remember Take and use
94
What are the three main components of the spine?
C- SPINE Upper back Lower back
95
What is the C-spine Equation?
A + B = C-SPINE
96
What does A stand for?
Cause and MOI
97
what are some causes?
Falling on a jagged rock 3 ft above ground hit head loss of consiousness landing on buttocks
98
What does B stand for?
Effect (signs and symptoms)
99
What are some symtpoms of a spinal injury?
Unsusual warmth in hands Numbness Inability to move extremties trouble Breathing seizure Obvious injury to the spine
100
In relation to C-Spine immobilization do NOT
Move head or spinal colum Cover ears or speak negatively
101
In the case of C-SPINE IMMOBILIZATION DO
Gently support neck and head
102
Once you shold C-spine what happens?
Thats your only job
103
Who is in charge of rolling patient?
C spine holder
104
IN relation to moving a c spine patient what do you do?
ABC'S Move head slowly first if its to the side reallign body with slow gentle traction one body part at a time
105
What should you do if someone with a spinal injury is stuck on a tree?
Work as a team to elevate the body and move to aflat surace
106
When do you stop holding cspine?
When it is immobilized
107
Even though a new study came out whhich says that 98% of all spinal injuries happen initially and not adfter fact we should be cautious about two things?
Trouble breathing and a positive moi to take precautions
108
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES What are the signs and symptoms of the cold and flu?
Fever over 101 Headache Nasal Congestion Coughing Vomitting Diaareaa
109
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES What are treatments of cold and flu?
Hydration Hygiene Rest and Otcs (Antipyrectic
110
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES what are signs and symotms of cnstipation?
Infrequent of difficulty with bowell movement
111
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES what are treatments for constioapation
Lots of liquids no fatty foods sorbitol
112
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES wat is the cause of diarrhea?
Reaction to baxcteria based infection within intestinal walls Dehydration could lead to volume shock
113
What is the treatment to Diarrhea?
Eat a bratty diet
114
What does BRATTY stand for?
Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, toast, tea yogurt
115
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES What are the sins and symtpoms of Gastrointenstinal Illnesses
Abdominal discomfort Nausea and Vommiting Diarrhea
116
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES How do you treat Gatrointenstenial Illness?
Hydration with electrolytes OTC ANTIMETHIC Bland diet Hygenie
117
In relation to the cold or flu, what are some evacuation considerations to keep in mind?
Fever over 102 shortness of breath weakness
118
What are evacuations to keep in mind for gastrointenstinal illness?
Bloddy or coffee ground vomit bloddy or stool urine sever dehydration persistent abdminal pain fever greater than 102 unable to tolerate fluids
119
In relation to Backcountry ILLNESSES Whata re seizures?
Bodies normal response to extreme or sudden injury disease fever poisioning
120
What are signs of seizures?
loss of mobility Numbness or shaking Unconscuous Muscle contractions chage in emotion U Confusion Loss of basic senses
121
How long do seizures usually last
Rarely over 2 minutes
122
During a seizure do NOT ?
Srtick anything in mouth
123
What should tyou do during seizure?
Take notes: Protect head Soft skills
124
What should you take notes on during a seizure?
What happened how many they had any triggers how long it was
125
Most seuzures are non ltc but may indicate?
Underlying problem
126
Seizures are usually followed by?
Postical phase
127
A postical phase is denoted by?
confusion, disorintation, drowsiness, fatigue
128
During a seizure, Evacuate immediately if?
Fisrt time seizure occurance seizure occured for unknown reasons Multiple seizures in short period of time
129
In a diabetic emergency what is Diabetes Mellitus?
Body;s inabiity to maintain insulin levels Insulin helps metabolize sugards and fats Insulin made in pancreas
130
What is Type 1 diabetes v type 2 ?
1- lack of unsulin 2-inability to use insulin (sugar substitute)
131
What is Hypoglycemia?
Low blood sugar can occure by skipping meal
132
What are signs and symptoms of Hypoglycemia?
``` Alor Rapid hr rr normal or shallow bp slightly elevated normal breath odor ```
133
Hyperlycemia is?
High blood sugar Rare Long time to develop
134
Symptoms of Hyperglycemia?
alor increased hunger or appetitie increaed urine HR weak Breath or odor may be sweet
135
What are treatments for Diabetic emergencies?
SUGAR GLUCOSE KIT ORAGNE JUICE
136
Are wildlife first aiders allowed to administer insulin?
No
137
Whata re the three types of strokes?
Ischemic Hemoragic Mini sroke
138
schemic is blood clots and happens?
87%
139
Hemoragic is internal bleeding and happens 13%
t
140
Whata re stroke symptoms?
Numbess or weakness on 1 side of body confusion trouble seeing walking sever headaches
141
What are three major signs of a stroke in women?
Hiccuos Chest pain shortness of breath
142
How do you go about recognizing a stroke?
FAST
143
FAST Stands for?
FACE ARMS SPEECH TIME
144
What should you do for stroke management?
Evacuate for definitive care? Administer aspriin as long as there is not visual disturbances
145
In relation to heat illnesses what i8s the common progressio of heat illnesses?
Sweating heat cramps Heat exahustion Hyperthermia
146
Whagt are heat exhaustion symptoms?
Sweating Pale Headache nAUSEAS mUSCLE cRAMPS Dark yellow urine elevated hr rr
147
Heat exahustion treatent looks like?
water and electrolytes dont use salt tablets fabn allow lethargic patients to sleep
148
Heat strike can be a ltc, how?
Red hot dry skin classic shock core temp above 1-4 headache elevated hr rr
149
Heat strike treatment for sever looks like
Reduce body core temp If consious give smalll amounts of ICE No antipyrectics
150
What does dehydration look like?
thirst dry mouth rapid breathe rapid heartbeat fatigue headache sever dizinessunconscious
151
What is dehydration caused by/
LOss of fluid not drinking enough vommiting or diarrhea
152
Treatment for deydration
Oral rehydration salts electrolytes water AOID SUGAR DRINKS
153
Ways to prevent dehdraton
Drink 3-4 qts a day Prevention is key
154
What is Hypotremia?
Loss of fluids and electrolytes through sweat
155
Signs of hyponatremia?
Swelling of ingers and joint alor nauseaus vomit Possible seizures
156
How do your treat hypinatremia
Eating salty foods resting in a cool place Restor electrolytes monitor
157
What is the progression for cold injuries?
Goosebups shivering frostbite Hypothermisa?
158
What is Frostbite?
Vasoconstriction A generally occurs on extremities Measured same as burns
159
Frostbite treatment is?
End exposure to cold Re warm slowly i warm water DO NOT RUB EXTREIIRES UTILIZE OTHER WARM BODIES Give 400 mg ibruprohen ev six hours
160
Frostbte prevention =
Wear adequate clothing Avoid tight constricting clothing wear mittens Avoid contact with metals stay well hudrated maintain high caloris diet
161
In terms of frostbit what is better than numb?
Tingling anf Pain
162
In relation to mild hypothermia you should loo for similar signs and symptoms to?
Shock
163
In relation to hyopthermia you should look for the?
Umbles Extremities may be numb Fast and slow breathing tired stimach ache
164
Sever hypothermia looks like?
Loss of mscle cordination skin pale dosporentation sivering ma stop orratinal behavior
165
How do you treat hypothermia?
Food is they key
166
Mild hypothermia treatement is best treated by?
An ice cold coke
167
Mild hypothermia treatment looks like/
end exposure to cold remove wet clothing DEPLOY HUMAN BURRITO re warm SLOWLY BODY CORE FIRST
168
Wht is the hyuman burrito?
1 tarp, sleeping bad, padding, patient
169
How do you evacuate a hypthermic patient?
Pckage witgh added heat source Gentle with Horicontal position at all times NO CPR IF CHEST FROZEN
170
What should you never wear in cold and wet environments?
Cotton
171
How o you prevent altitude illness?
Dont exert yourself Avoid respiratory surpressents stay fit hydrate CLIMB HIGH SLEP LOW
172
What two OTC's have been proven to help prevent altitude sickenss by 30%
Ibeprofufen and Aceteminophen
173
How much should you take a day? 600mg
600 mg
174
You should tyake how many?
1 a day prior and during
175
what is acute mnt sickness?
Most common altititude related
176
Where does AMS Occure?
6-8,000 ftq
177
What are the signs and symptoms of AMS
Secere persistent headache nausea and or vommiting lastitude nosebleeds dizziness peripheral
178
Whagt is High altitude cerebral edema?
Fatal LTC] Brain tissue swells causing pressure
179
Signs and Symptoms of High altittude cerebral edema
AMS PLUS Alor mood swings headache seizure or coma atacialack of muscle cord
180
How do your trat ams and HACE?
Descened immediately Rehydrate Ibrprophen light exercise
181
If aigns persist?
Evac now
182
What is High altitutde Pulmonafry edema?
Occurs between day 2-4 accumulation of fluids in lungs
183
Signs and symptoms of HAPE?
Difficutl breathe Pink sptum chest tightness fast shallow increased heart rate
184
How to treat HAPE?
DESCEND IMMIDIATELY SUPP OXUGEN ASTHMA INHALER 2-4 PUFFS HOUR TADLAFIL
185
What are some evacuation guidlines to keep in mind with altittude?
Any patirent must descend immideatey Many patients who descnd and recover may climb back up

Wilderness Safety Training (1 decks)

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