FIRST EXAM Reviewer

Question 1

A particular form of visual practice; is both an active and a creative process

Answer 1

Reading

Question 2

We draw on our general and specific knowledge, our tastes, and habits, and our personal context.

Answer 2

Reading the visual

Question 3

The study of genealogy and practice of visualization of modern culture. Its concentration is on the interface between images and viewers rather than on artists and works. It is concerned with visual events in which information, meaning, or pleasure is sought by the consumer in an interface with visual technology.

Answer 3

Visual Culture

Question 4

It is an interdisciplinary field that has close links with humanities and social sciences-philosophy, sociology and literary studies in particular.

Answer 4

Visual studies

Question 5

It is one discipline that provides many useful techniques for anyone studying visual culture and is one of the important fields of social understanding, history, and culture.

Answer 5

Capital-A Art

Question 6

It s the production of social media, especially digital media.

Answer 6

Spectatorship

Question 7

It is considered beautiful or appealing.

Answer 7

Visual matter

Question 8

It is an analytical approach and a research methodology that examines the use of what we are called as signs in society.

Answer 8

Semiotics

Question 9

It is a basic unit of communication; it is just something that has some meaning for someone; means something, and not one thing.

Answer 9

Sign

Question 10

The name of a group of signs-a collection of signs which are organized in a particular way to make meaning.

Answer 10

Text

Question 11

This means the environment in which a text occurs and communication takes place.

Answer 11

Context

Question 12

It is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art.

Answer 12

Aesthetics

Question 13

It exploits vulnerabilities of the human visual perception and can make us experience emotions that move us and compel us to do things that we otherwise would not even think of.

Answer 13

Art in Photography

Question 14

Are frames of reference that inform the concepts and focuses, allowing visual communication and meaning to evolve.

Answer 14

Context

Question 15

The systematic process of interpreting that work according to the rules governing that kind of text can be referred as reading.

Answer 15

Seeing as Reading

Question 16

The engineering discipline dealing with visual representation.

Answer 16

Visual Technology

Question 17

It refers to a general familiarity with, and an ability to use, the official and unofficial rules, values, genres, knowledge, and discourses that characterize cultural fields. In this sense, it is not just familiarity with a body of knowledge; it also presupposes an understanding of how to think and see in a manner that is appropriate to the imperatives of the moment.

Answer 17

Cultural Literacy

Question 18

It can be understood as a set of values and dispositions gained from our cultural history that stay with us across contexts (they are durable and transposable). These values and dispositions allow us to respond to cultural rules and contexts in a variety of ways (they allow for improvisations). Still, these responses are always determined-regulated- by where we have been in culture.

Answer 18

Habitus

Question 19

1. Selection and omission, framing, and the evaluation-every act of looking and seeing is also an act of not seeing.
2. Selection, omission, framing, and evaluation produce a visual text.

Answer 19

Important techniques for reading the visuals

Question 20

which are produced or created; this process of production is an ongoing one. The status of signs and ___ is always relational and contingent.

Answer 20

Texts

Question 21

If we are attending closely or carefully to an event, person, thing, or scene, we will create a text that is made up of what we call contiguous elements.

Answer 21

Attention and Focus

Question 22

A number of elements contribute to or facilitate the process of suturing the world to make a text.

Answer 22

Seeing in Time and Motion

Question 23

It is anything that is treated as a meaningful part of the unit that is the text.

Answer 23

Sign

Question 24

It is a term for text-types, which structure meanings in certain ways, through their association with a particular social purpose and social context. These two concepts inform or influence visual activity.

Answer 24

Genres

Question 25

“the relation to the world is a relation of presence in the world, of being in the world, in the sense of belonging to the world.”

Answer 25

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 26

It is fine if we simply want to get through the day’s responsibilities and activities, but it is insufficient if we want or need to make sense of what we are seeing.

Answer 26

Tacit seeing

Question 27

It is most often associated with the field of photography because photographs perfectly freeze time and motion in a way that no other art form achieves.

Answer 27

Arrested image

Question 28

It is defined variously, of course. We understand it to be a range of objects (tools, and other instruments and devices), and we understand it as a sort of knowledge-know-how and skill.

Answer 28

Technology

Question 29

It can also be understood as an organizing principle and a process-the way in which a society constitutes itself and its formations, and then brings people and machines together to produce goods and services.

Answer 29

Technology

Question 30

It is, on the one hand, an automatic, physiological function we perform without thinking and, on the other, a complex and absorbing process.

Answer 30

Seeing

Question 31

Human beings whose feature characteristics are that they access the physical and intellectual world through vision.

Answer 31

Seeing Subjects

Question 32

A set of theories and practices which describe the contemporary world as a kind of MTV clip, a plethora of images whirling in promiscuous uncertainty.

Answer 32

Postmodernism

Question 33

It is in particular, fascinate us. They are the ‘windows to the soul.’

Answer 33

Eyes

Question 34

“human experience is now more visual and visualized than ever before.”

Answer 34

Mirzoeff

Question 35

It has always lived in a world that is packed with visual objects and phenomena, and have always looked at and made sense of the things about them.

Answer 35

Human beings

Question 36

It is a move within the Humanities to focus almost exclusively on literary texts and to use the analytical devices associated with literary texts to make sense of society, visual images, individual psychology, and soon.

Answer 36

Linguistic turn

Question 37

It is attractive because it makes good sense in terms of how people approach texts, and it has been thoroughly texted over a considerable time.

Answer 37

The semiotic principle of analyzing signs

Question 38

the idea of language as a series of signs is found as early as Aristotle, who defined the human voice assemantikos psophos, “significant sound,” or sounds that make meanings.

Answer 38

Ferdinand de Saussure

Question 39

its basic principle is that language is not simply a naming device, but rather a differentiated symbolic system.

Answer 39

Semiotic

Question 40

It is usually a shorthand way of saying that some representation is “true to life.”

Answer 40

Reality

Question 41

(the reproduction)of reality, which in effect posits that the objects we see are only limitations of an ideal form.

Answer 41

Mimesis or imitations

Question 42

He insisted that the pleasure of realist works in in “learning,” “inferring,” and “identifying.”

Answer 42

Aristotle

Question 43

this is the issue we deal with in this chapter: the degree to which pictures-visual culture-can communicate or present not just forms, but stories too.

Answer 43

“A picture paints a thousand words”

Question 44

this expression alludes to the notion that pictures, images, and visual objects more generally are not just to be looked at, but contain a story, or a body of information, which we can access as we might access the content of a written text.

Answer 44

Reading the visual text

Question 45

in its simplest form, means ‘story.’ But of course, it is more complex: the word comes from the Latin narrare, ‘to relate,’ so it denotes both what is told and the process of telling.

Answer 45

Narrative

Question 46

It is the study of narrative. It begins with the ancients, and withworks such as Aristotle’s Poetics. More recently, it has been associated with structuralists like Gerard Genette and Roland Barthes’ early writings.

Answer 46

Narratology

Question 47

a. Plot-what happened and why b. Narrator -the point of view from which it is told c. Characters- human or otherwise d. Events-everything in the story that happens to or because of the characters e. Time and place in which those events take place, and the causal relations which link the events together

Answer 47

Basic Elements of Story

Question 48

i. Bright colors and whimsical drawing style-forfantastical sense. ii. Dark images convey melancholy. iii. Black and white signals a particular aesthetic.

Answer 48

Lightning

Question 49

To depict characters making expressive movements.

Answer 49

Conveying narrative in a visual image

Question 50

It also use figures and techniques to convey stories through conventions known by most people in a society. The use of literary (and other)allusions is one approach.

Answer 50

Visual Texts

Question 51

it is the most important design tool, according to the theorists of a narrative.

Answer 51

Time

Question 52

‘narratives, in the simplest sense, are stories that take place in time-although, it is difficult to think of a story that doesn’t take place in time.'

Answer 52

Berger

Question 53

He agrees that ‘time itself is indispensable to both story and text.'

Answer 53

Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan

Question 54

It is the actual sequence or (perhaps imaginary) events in a text. It is often difficult or impossible to identify the sjuzet in a visual text with any certainty, the ‘prestory,’ is well known and sufficiently indicated in the images.

Answer 54

Fabula

Question 55

It is something peculiar to human culture; the word itself is etymologically related to ‘artificial’ or produced by human beings.

Answer 55

Art

Question 56

i. Medium ii. Compositional elements iii. Color iv. Line v. Shape vi. Texture

Answer 56

Elements of Form

Question 57

It means everything that is done, and everyone involved in doing it within a discrete area of social practice.

Answer 57

Field

Question 58

who is closely identified with the discipline of aesthetics, associated sound understanding with judgment (in The Critique of Judgement 1790); in his estimate, the ability to judge works of art is dependent upon the clarity of thought and knowledge, and not on the emotions.

Answer 58

Immanuel Kant

Question 59

he stated that “the delight which determines the judgment of taste is independent of all interest.

Answer 59

'Analytical Beauty' by Immanuel Kant

Question 60

It was to be regarded in terms of formal qualities (its harmony and proportion) rather than in terms of practical desirability (as an object to be consumed).

Answer 60

Aesthetic object

Question 61

refers to the process whereby a particular field or group of fields (say, the sciences) manages to export its ways of seeing to most, or all other fields, which in turn leads to a universalizing of the authority of different forms, genres, mediums and practices of the visual to provide access to what we could call ‘visual reality.’

Answer 61

Visual regime

Question 62

It is associated with the fields of science, bureaucracy, and government.

Answer 62

Capitalism

Question 63

It refers to the form of knowledge, techniques, mechanisms, and operations that were developed for analyzing, defining, controlling, and regulating behavior.

Answer 63

Biopower

Question 64

He argues that the advent and development of the set of discourses, ideas, perspectives and practices that we term normalization as potential resources.

Answer 64

Jonathan Crary

Question 65

It is a tower placed in a central position within the prison.

Answer 65

Panopticon

Question 66

It is a subject would be disposed to make themselves the objects of their gaze, constantly monitoring and evaluating their bodies, actions, and feelings

Answer 66

Self-surveillance

Question 67

It refers to the situation where a thing or person is viewed predominantly in terms of its or its exchange value.

Answer 67

Commoditization

Question 68

it means “the art of today,”

Answer 68

Contemporary Art

Question 69

It is a group of people who, even if they have never met, belong to a community with similar interests.

Answer 69

Imagine Community

Question 70

It means to use in almost every aspect of our society, especially in the marketing of merchandise.

Answer 70

Interpellation

Question 71

It refers to the communication channels through which we disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional messages, and other data.

Answer 71

Media

Question 72

It is a group of people with common territory, interaction, and culture.

Answer 72

Society

Question 73

It is something exhibited to view an unusual, notable, or entertaining.

Answer 73

Spectacle

Question 74

He said, “the constant staging of public discussions as spectacle. Include all aspects of economic, political, and cultural life”.

Answer 74

Claude Leforts

Question 75

He is an art critic and essayist and is Meyer Schapiro Professor of Modern Art and Theory at Columbia University in New York

Answer 75

Jonathan Crary

Question 76

The self-proclaimed leader of the Situationist International, he was undoubtedly responsible for the longevity and high profile of Situationist ideas.

Answer 76

Guy Debord

Question 77

He is one of the most important theorists of modern nationalism. Nationalism, argues Anderson, is a story of national origins that creates imagined community amongst the citizens of the modern state. Here, he explains the sense in which the nation is an ‘imagined community. ’

Answer 77

Benedict Anderson