First Exam Material Flashcards
Prenatal period
age
conception to birth
Infancy
age
Birth to 2 yrs.
Early childhood
2-5 yrs
Middle to late childhood
6-11 years
Adolescence
10-12 to 18 years
Early adulthood
20s and 30s
Middle adulthood
40s and 50s
Late adulthood
60s til end of life
Moro reflex
reflex where baby throws arms wide as if to grab hold of someone when startled
Babinski reflex
reflex when bottom of foot is stroked where toes fan out (instead of curl)
Sensorimotor stage
birth to 2 years (infancy)
- develops object permanence
- symbolization (using mental symbols and words)
- learning thru sensations and motor movements
Preoperational stage
2-7 years (early childhood)
- increasing use of language
- no sense of cause and effect
- egocentric–can’t see another’s point of view
- phenomenalistic causality–events that occur together cause one another
- animalistic? ascribes life quality to inanimate objects
Concrete Operational stage
7-11 years (mid/late childhood)
- act on real, concrete objects and events
- conservation (same volume of water in dif vessels)
- reversibility (ice to water and back)
- can see things from other’s perspectives
- follows rules
- classify and reason
Formal Operations
11-18 (adolescence)
- think abstractly
- deductive reasoning
Kohlberg’s
Preconventional morality
avoid punishment at all costs
Kohlberg’s
Conventional morality
guided by internalized moral standards of adults in their life
Kohlberg’s
Postconventional morality
individual judgement is based on self-chosen principles and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice
Freud’s Oral stage
up to 18 mos.
Freud’s anal stage
1-3 yrs.
Freud’s phallic stage
3-5 yrs.
Freud’s latency stage
5-13 yrs.
Freud’s Genital stage
11 yrs to young adulthood
Erickson’s
Adolescent development
Tasks: identity, self-esteem moral code autonomy, independence vocation
Biggest probs: substance use, pregnancy, violence, sexual behavior/TDs, suicide (3rd leading cause of death)
Erickson’s
Adult Development
Tasks:
2 mos. milestones
smile at people calm themself (i.e. hand to mouth) watches things as they move coos/gurgles turns heads toward sounds
can hold head up
start to push up from tummy
6 mos. milestones
knows familiar faces, begins to recognize stranger plays with others look at self in mirror responds to other people's emotions responds to name
rolls over
sit without support
stands
1 yr milestones
shy or nervous around strangers cries when parent leaves responds to simple requests single words (mama) simple gestures (wave) sitting position without help cruising (walks holding onto stuff)
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Trust vs. Mistrust
stage 1
who can you trust to fulfill needs? too trustworthy?
Establish: Hope
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
stage 2
toilet training
dependence or independence
Establish: Will
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Initiative vs. Guilt
stage 3 - preschool yrs
asking why, collaborating w friends, guilt at misbehavior
Establish: Purpose
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Industry vs. Inferiority
stage 4 - 5 to 12 years
new skills, relationships.
failure = feeling inferior
Establish: Competency
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Identity vs. Identity Confusion
stage 5- 12 to 18 yrs
establishing identity, where you fit in, goals, purpose in life
Establish: Fidelity
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Intimacy vs. Isolation
stage 6- 20 to 40 yrs
develop a relationship
goals with partner
failure=isolation
Establish: Love
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Generativity vs. Stagnation
stage 7-
help others, guide next generation
failure=self-centered and stagnate
Establish: Care
Erickson’s Epigenetic Principle
Integrity vs. Despair
stage 8-
how you look back on your life, accept it
failure: despair about missed opportunities
Repression
primary ego defense mechanism
INTERNAL unacceptable desires or impulse are excluded from the conscious part of our minds
Suppression
conscious and controllable deferral of undesirable thoughts
Projection
attributing your own personal unacceptable thoughts, impulses, or feelings to another person
i.e. paranoia, auditory hallucinations, prejudice
Rationalization/
intellectualization
using logic or science to explain away something unacceptable
Denial
Disavowal of the reality of an external fact (whereas repression is about internal stuff)
Condensation
several concepts, ideas, needs are reduced into a figurative representation
Sublimation
id instincts are metamorphosed into something socially acceptable
Displacement
taking it out on someone else
Undoing
did something we regret, and then try to undo the action via apologizing, helping the person we hurt etc
Reaction formation
channeling unacceptable thoughts or desires into the opposite (ie. doing something nice for someone you want to punch in the face)
Identification
mirroring/adopting a person or entity’s appearance, mannerisms, beliefs that you identify as a potential threat (ie. Mean girls movie to fit in)
Conversion
psychological stress from conflict from id gets converted into a physical form, i.e. a cough
Dissociation
removing oneself from feeling part of the world
